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非謂語動詞作主語和賓語

2018-12-01 09:30封全龍
廣東教育·高中 2018年9期
關(guān)鍵詞:句首動名詞介詞

封全龍

英語句子中,只能有一個謂語,包括并列謂語。如果一個句子中已經(jīng)有了謂語,又出現(xiàn)一個或幾個動詞時,要么是并列謂語,要么是非謂語。非謂語動詞有動詞不定式、動詞-ing形式和動詞-ed形式三種形式。非謂語動詞是每年高考的必考點(diǎn), 同時也是考生學(xué)習(xí)的一個難點(diǎn)。本文將非謂語動詞作主語或賓語的用法歸納如下:

一、作主語

1. 動詞不定式作主語,指具體或未來的動作。

[例1]______(teach)you English is my job.

分析:位于句首作主語,表示具體的動作,用動詞不定式更好,故填To teach。

2. 不定式作主語,通常用it作形式主語,將不定式后置。

[例2]Its important for the figures ______(update)regularly.

分析:因update 與the figures 為動賓關(guān)系,即:update the figures(更新數(shù)字),即the figures與 update為被動關(guān)系。又由 for the figures可知,空格處應(yīng)該用不定式,因?yàn)橥ǔJ莊or sb to do sth,故填to be updated。

3. 動詞-ing形式作主語,表示泛指或抽象的行為。

[例3]______(Travel)along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience.

分析:位于句首作主語,泛指一般情況,用動名詞短語更好,故填Traveling。

4. 動名詞作主語,用it作形式主語僅限于少數(shù)句型。如:

[例4]It is great fun______(collect)stamps in my spare time.

分析:由固定句型 It is fun doing sth.可知,填collecting。

[例5]It is no good ______(play)computer games all day long.

分析:由固定句型 It is no good / use doing sth.可知,填 playing。

5. 在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中只能用動名詞形式

[例6]There is no______( joke)about such serious matters.

分析:由固定句型There is no doing sth可知,填 joking。

二、作賓語

1. 有些動詞只能接不定式作賓語。如expect, hope, decide, refuse, manage, plan, pretend, threaten, wish等。

[例7]David threatened______( report)his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.

分析:由threaten to do sth(威脅要做某事)可知填to report。

[例8]His parents were so poor that they couldnt afford ______(send)him abroad for further study.

分析:由afford to do sth(擔(dān)負(fù)得起)可知填to send。

2. 有些動詞只能接動詞-ing形式作賓語。如admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, enjoy, escape, miss, finish, imagine, practise, risk, suggest, advise, forbid, quit, feel like, give up等。

[例9]I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ______(look)directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.

分析:由avoid doing sth(避免做某事)可知填looking。

[例10]I am very sorry I missed ______(see)you while in Shanghai.

分析:由miss doing sth可知填seeing。

[例11]Would you mind ______(open)the window?

分析:由mind doing sth可知填opening。

[例12]Lydia doesnt feel like______(study)abroad. Her parents are old.

分析:由feel like doing sth(想要做某事)可知填studying。

3. 當(dāng)不定式作直接賓語,且后面還有賓語補(bǔ)足語時,通常把不定式放在補(bǔ)足語的后面,而用形式賓語it來代替它。

[例13]She thought it unnecessary______(argue)with him about the matter.

分析:由think it + adj. to do sth可知填 to argue。

[例14]My father made it a rule______(get)up early in the morning.

分析:由make it + n. +to do sth可知填 to get。

4. 作介詞賓語,一般只能用動名詞。

[例15]You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ______(die)early by running.

分析:介詞of之后用動名詞做賓語,故填dying。

[例16]More interesting, there are hundreds of Canadians who are interested in ______(change)their name to Elizabeth Gallagher.

分析:介詞in之后用動名詞做賓語,故填changing。

[例17]I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes. (改錯)

分析:介詞by之后用動名詞做賓語,故將wear改為wearing。

5. 有些動詞后接動詞不定式或動詞-ing形式作賓語均可,兩者意義差別不是很大。這類動詞有begin, start, hate, like, love, continue, dislike等。

[例18]Working at weekend is something I hate______(do)most.

分析:由hate to do sth / doing sth(討厭做某事)可知,空格處填to do或doing均可,意義區(qū)別不大。

6. 有些動詞后接動詞不定式或動詞-ing形式作賓語,區(qū)別很大。這類動詞有forget, try, remember, mean, stop, regret, cant help等。

[例19]I didnt mean ______(eat)anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help ______(try)it.

分析:根據(jù)句意“我本來沒打算去吃任何東西,但是那個冰激凌看起來太好吃了,以至于我禁不住嘗嘗?!北硎尽按蛩阕瞿呈隆笔莔ean to do sth,表示“情不自禁地做某事”用cant help doing sth,故分別填to eat,trying。

[例20] I still remember ______(visit)a friend whod lived here for five years....

分析:句意是“我依然記得曾經(jīng)拜訪過一個朋友……”,表示“記得做過某事”用remember doing sth,故填visiting。

[例21] I Dont forget ______(bring)your dictionary next time you come here.

分析:由句意“下次來的時候,別忘了帶上你的詞典”可知,表示將來的動作,故填to bring。

責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青

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