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鴉膽子苦醇對(duì)非小細(xì)胞肺癌Nrf2—Notch1信號(hào)軸的影響機(jī)制研究

2018-11-10 10:02王敏劉其禮許帥李品玉李俊濤
關(guān)鍵詞:非小細(xì)胞肺癌

王敏 劉其禮 許帥 李品玉 李俊濤

[摘要] 目的 探討鴉膽子苦醇在非小細(xì)胞肺癌A549、H460細(xì)胞增殖中的作用。 方法 采用四甲基偶氮唑鹽(MTT)法檢測(cè)鴉膽子苦醇對(duì)A549、H460細(xì)胞的半數(shù)抑制濃度(IC50);Hoechst33258染色,倒置熒光顯微鏡下觀察細(xì)胞凋亡的形態(tài)學(xué)變化;通過(guò)CCK-8法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞活力;Annexin-V-FITC/PI雙染法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡;Western blot免疫印跡法檢測(cè)A549、H460細(xì)胞Nrf2、Notch1蛋白表達(dá)。 結(jié)果 鴉膽子苦醇處理A549、H460細(xì)胞的IC50分別為(0.70±0.03)、(0.47±0.05)μmol/L;流式細(xì)胞試驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,鴉膽子苦醇處理后A549、H460細(xì)胞凋亡率顯著升高,與對(duì)照組比較差異均有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.01);Western blot檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,鴉膽子苦醇可降低細(xì)胞內(nèi)Nrf2、Notch1的蛋白表達(dá)。 結(jié)論 鴉膽子苦醇可以抑制A549、H460細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng),其機(jī)制可能與抑制Nrf2-Notch1信號(hào)軸有關(guān)。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 鴉膽子苦醇;非小細(xì)胞肺癌;Nrf2;Notch1;細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)

[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R734.2 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2018)07(a)-0016-04

Study on the mechanism of the influence of Brusatol for the Nrf2-Notch1 axis of non-small cell lung cancer

WANG Min LIU Qili XU Shuai LI Pinyu LI Juntao

Faculty of Basic Medicine, Zhaoqing Medical College, Guangdong Province, Zhaoqing 526020, China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the effects of Brusatol in the proliferation of A549 and H460 cells of non-small cell lung cancer. Methods The median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of Brusatol for A549 and H460 cells was assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Through hoechst33258 staining, the morphological changes of cell apoptosis were observed under the inverted fluorescence microscope. The cell viability was detected by CCK-8. The cell apoptosis was tested by Annexin-V-FITC/PI staining. The expression of Nrf2 and Notch1 protein of A549 and H460 cells was measured by Western blot. Results The IC50 of A549 and H460 cells dealt with Brusatol was (0.70±0.03), (0.47±0.05) μmol/L respectively. The results of flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rates of A549 and H460 cells dealt with Brusatol were increased obviously, which had highly statistically significant differences compared with those of control group (all P < 0.01). The results of Western blot showed that Brusatol could decrease the expression of Nrf2 and Notch1 protein. Conclusion Brusatol can inhibit the growth of A594 and H460 cells, the mechanism may be related to the inhibition of Nrf2-Notch1 axis.

[Key words] Brusatol; Non-small cell lung cancer; Nrf2; Notch1; Cell growth

鴉膽子苦醇(Brusatol)是一種苦木內(nèi)酯類(lèi)化合物,從鴉膽子中提取獲得。鴉膽子苦醇具有抗炎、驅(qū)蟲(chóng)、抗瘧、抗癌等多種生物學(xué)功能。既往研究發(fā)現(xiàn),鴉膽子苦醇可調(diào)節(jié)Nrf2信號(hào)通路的表達(dá)[1]。Nrf2信號(hào)通路是內(nèi)源性的抗氧化通路。當(dāng)細(xì)胞處于穩(wěn)態(tài)時(shí),細(xì)胞內(nèi)Nrf2處于低水平狀態(tài)[2]。當(dāng)細(xì)胞受到外界刺激時(shí),Nrf2進(jìn)入細(xì)胞核,與相應(yīng)的抗氧化作用元件結(jié)合,啟動(dòng)下游一系列抗氧化物酶,如血紅素氧化酶1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)、谷胱甘肽過(guò)氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidases)等的表達(dá),從而起到對(duì)機(jī)體的防護(hù)作用[3]。Kitamura等[4]認(rèn)為Nrf2及其下游蛋白的高表達(dá)與腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖、存活有關(guān)。Notch1信號(hào)通路主要參與細(xì)胞的分化、凋亡等過(guò)程[5]。Natsuizaka等[6]證實(shí)抑制Notch1活性可顯著降低腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖和生長(zhǎng)速度。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,Nrf2信號(hào)通路可與Notch1信號(hào)通路有交叉互作反應(yīng),如:Nrf2缺陷表達(dá)小鼠中,Notch1表達(dá)有所下降[7-8]。目前,鮮見(jiàn)鴉膽子苦醇對(duì)Nrf2及Notch1信號(hào)通路共同影響的研究,同時(shí),鴉膽子苦醇對(duì)非小細(xì)胞肺癌生長(zhǎng)、存活的影響機(jī)制還不完善。因此,本研究以Nrf2-Notch1信號(hào)軸為研究基礎(chǔ),探討鴉膽子苦醇對(duì)非小細(xì)胞肺癌生長(zhǎng)的影響及作用機(jī)制,為非小細(xì)胞肺癌靶向藥物的研制提供一定的實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)支持。

1 材料與方法

1.1 試劑

鴉膽子苦醇購(gòu)自上海同田生物技術(shù)股份有限公司(批號(hào):112586);二甲基亞砜(DMSO)(批號(hào):STBG-9203)、四甲基偶氮唑鹽(MTT)(批號(hào):STBG9651)購(gòu)自Sigma公司;Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)試劑盒購(gòu)自東仁化學(xué)科技有限公司(批號(hào):KJ651);Hoechst33258購(gòu)自Thermo Fisher公司(批號(hào):1842729);胎牛血清購(gòu)自美國(guó)Hyclone公司(批號(hào):AB10114599);RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基購(gòu)自美國(guó)Gibico公司(批號(hào):1868807);Nrf2(批號(hào):BL671)、Notch1(批號(hào):BL549)購(gòu)自Cell Signaling Technology公司;β-actin(批號(hào):CJ39154)、HRP標(biāo)記的山羊抗兔(批號(hào):CJ36131)購(gòu)自巴傲得生物科技有限公司。

1.2 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)

非小細(xì)胞肺癌細(xì)胞系A(chǔ)549、H460購(gòu)于中國(guó)科學(xué)院上海生命科學(xué)研究院細(xì)胞資源中心。細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)于含10%胎牛血清的RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基中,放置于5%CO2、37℃恒溫培養(yǎng)箱(Thermo,美國(guó))中培養(yǎng)。

1.3 半數(shù)抑制濃度(IC50)計(jì)算

將對(duì)數(shù)期細(xì)胞A549、H460細(xì)胞5000個(gè)接種于96孔板24 h后,加入不同濃度(0.175、0.35、0.70、1.4、2.8 μmol/L)的鴉膽子苦醇,并以相同濃度的DMSO作為對(duì)照,培養(yǎng)48 h后,每孔加入50 μL MTT(5 mg/mL),孵育4 h后,棄上清,加入200 μL DMSO,10 min振蕩后,于酶標(biāo)儀檢測(cè)570 nm處細(xì)胞的OD值,并計(jì)算細(xì)胞IC50。

1.4 細(xì)胞形態(tài)學(xué)觀察

將對(duì)數(shù)期細(xì)胞接種于6孔板中,培養(yǎng)24 h,加入0.70、0.47 μmol/L鴉膽子苦醇分別處理A549、H460細(xì)胞后繼續(xù)孵育24 h,棄上清,PBS清洗3次,每次5 min,4%多聚甲醛固定30 min,棄上清,PBS清洗3次,每次5 min,加入200 μL Hoechst33258染液,作用5 min,PBS清洗2次,熒光顯微鏡下形態(tài)學(xué)觀察。

1.5 細(xì)胞存活的測(cè)定

0.70、0.47 μmol/L鴉膽子苦醇分別處理A549、H460細(xì)胞24 h后,每孔2000個(gè)細(xì)胞數(shù)接種于96孔板,培養(yǎng)24、48、72 h后每孔加入10 μL CCK-8溶液,培養(yǎng)2 h后酶標(biāo)儀檢測(cè)450 nm處細(xì)胞OD值,即可間接反映細(xì)胞的增殖。以上述同樣方法加相同濃度的DMSO作為對(duì)照。

1.6 細(xì)胞凋亡的檢測(cè)

0.70、0.47 μmol/L鴉膽子苦醇分別處理A549、H460細(xì)胞24 h后,胰酶消化收集細(xì)胞,PBS洗3次,1000 r/min離心5 min(r = 9.5 cm),加500 μL Binding緩沖液重懸細(xì)胞,避光,加5 μL Annexin V-FITC和5 μL PI染液,流式細(xì)胞儀上機(jī)檢測(cè)。以上述同樣方法加相同濃度的DMSO作為對(duì)照。

1.7 Western blot檢測(cè)蛋白水平

0.70、0.47 μmol/L鴉膽子苦醇處理A549、H460細(xì)胞24 h后,棄上清,PBS清洗3次,每次5 min,加1 mmol/L PMSF的RIPA裂解液,冰上裂解30 min,細(xì)胞刮刀收集細(xì)胞,超聲破碎細(xì)胞,4°C,10 000 r/min離心10 min,收集蛋白上清。BCA法檢測(cè)蛋白濃度,50 μg蛋白進(jìn)行上樣,10%SDS-PAGE凝膠電泳進(jìn)行蛋白電泳分離,PVDF轉(zhuǎn)膜后,5%BSA封閉。一抗孵育4°C過(guò)夜,次日,二抗室溫2 h,Alpha Innotech FluorChem?郇Q多色熒光凝膠成像分析系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行曝光,AlphaView SA3.4.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理和分析。以上述同樣方法加相同濃度的DMSO作為對(duì)照。

1.8 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用SPSS 17.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料以均值±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 鴉膽子苦醇對(duì)A549、H460細(xì)胞增殖的抑制作用

鴉膽子苦醇對(duì)A549、H460細(xì)胞都有一定的抑制作用。鴉膽子苦醇對(duì)A549、H460細(xì)胞的IC50分別為(0.70±0.03)、(0.47±0.05)μmol/L。本研究選擇0.70、0.47 μmol/L的鴉膽子苦醇作為處理A549、H460細(xì)胞的后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)藥物劑量。

2.2 鴉膽子苦醇對(duì)A549、H460細(xì)胞存活的影響

0.70、0.47 μmol/L鴉膽子苦醇分別處理A549、H460細(xì)胞,孵育12、24、48 h后,A549、H460細(xì)胞存活降低。H460細(xì)胞的抑制效果與A549抑制效果無(wú)差異。見(jiàn)圖1。

2.3 鴉膽子苦醇對(duì)A549、H460細(xì)胞形態(tài)學(xué)影響

鴉膽子苦醇0.70、0.47 μmol/L分別處理A549、H460細(xì)胞24 h后,與對(duì)照組均勻熒光比較,A549、H460細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞核呈現(xiàn)致密濃染顆粒狀狀態(tài),可見(jiàn)明顯凋亡小體的出現(xiàn)(圖2箭頭所示)。對(duì)凋亡小體進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)處理組A549、H460細(xì)胞與對(duì)照組比較,差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。見(jiàn)圖2。

與對(duì)照組比較,**P < 0.01

2.4 鴉膽子苦醇對(duì)A549、H460細(xì)胞凋亡的影響

如圖3所示,A549細(xì)胞株中,對(duì)照組凋亡率為4.66%,鴉膽子苦醇處理24 h后,細(xì)胞凋亡率上升至36.7%;H460細(xì)胞株中,對(duì)照組凋亡率為5.76%,鴉膽子苦醇處理24 h后,細(xì)胞凋亡率上升至53.8%。

2.5 鴉膽子苦醇對(duì)Nrf2信號(hào)通路的影響

如圖4所示,0.70、0.47 μmol/L鴉膽子苦醇處理A549、H460細(xì)胞24 h后,兩種細(xì)胞中Nrf2蛋白被抑制,同時(shí),Notch1蛋白也被抑制。

3 討論

鴉膽子苦醇作為傳統(tǒng)中藥,含有多種苦木內(nèi)酯類(lèi)化合物,研究表明這類(lèi)化合物具有抗癌、抗炎、抗瘧疾等多種功效,但目前關(guān)于鴉膽子苦醇的生物學(xué)效應(yīng)及作用機(jī)制研究較少[9]。本研究主要探究鴉膽子苦醇作用于人肺癌細(xì)胞的相關(guān)生物學(xué)效應(yīng)。

Nrf2調(diào)控的靶基因主要有各種抗氧化或解毒蛋白,這些靶基因的激活是機(jī)體抵御氧化應(yīng)激損傷的主要作用因子。Nrf2信號(hào)通路的激活可以抵抗外界對(duì)細(xì)胞的不利刺激[10],有研究表明[11],304例非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者組織樣本中,Nrf2蛋白的高表達(dá)發(fā)生率為26%。此外Nrf2的高表達(dá)在前列腺癌、乳腺癌、宮頸癌細(xì)胞中也被發(fā)現(xiàn)[12-14],Nrf2的高表達(dá)可以增強(qiáng)腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖、輻射抗性和藥物抗性[15]。A549、H460細(xì)胞都被證實(shí)有Nrf2蛋白的高表達(dá)[16],說(shuō)明A549細(xì)胞和H460細(xì)胞具有較強(qiáng)的抗外界刺激的能力。

本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),鴉膽子苦醇誘導(dǎo)A549細(xì)胞的濃度大于鴉膽子苦醇處理H460細(xì)胞的濃度,說(shuō)明A549細(xì)胞相比H460細(xì)胞具有更強(qiáng)的抗性。鴉膽子苦醇處理A549、H460細(xì)胞后,細(xì)胞呈現(xiàn)致密濃染的顆粒狀熒光,其細(xì)胞核出現(xiàn)凋亡小體,聯(lián)合流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)結(jié)果,鴉膽子苦醇處理細(xì)胞可以誘導(dǎo)非小細(xì)胞肺癌發(fā)生凋亡。有研究表明,鴉膽子苦醇是Nrf2的抑制劑[17]。在本研究中,經(jīng)鴉膽子苦醇處理后,非小細(xì)胞肺癌A549和H460細(xì)胞中Nrf2的蛋白表達(dá)明顯降低,推測(cè)Nrf2蛋白含量的降低有可能是鴉膽子苦醇誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡的原因之一。有報(bào)道顯示,10%的非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者呈現(xiàn)Notch1的高表達(dá)狀態(tài),同時(shí)這一高表達(dá)與患者低治愈率有關(guān)[18]。下調(diào)Nrf2可降低非小細(xì)胞肺癌中Notch1及其下游蛋白Hes1等蛋白的表達(dá)[19]。本研究檢測(cè)了Notch1蛋白的表達(dá),發(fā)現(xiàn)經(jīng)鴉膽子苦醇處理后的細(xì)胞中Notch1的蛋白表達(dá)也有所下降,該結(jié)果提示,鴉膽子苦醇有可能是通過(guò)抑制Nrf2-Notch1這一信號(hào)軸,來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)降低A549、H460細(xì)胞增殖與存活并增強(qiáng)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡的目的。本研究結(jié)果提示,鴉膽子苦醇可以作為治療非小細(xì)胞肺癌的潛在藥物,為臨床治療非小細(xì)胞肺癌提供一定的指導(dǎo)作用。

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(收稿日期:2018-02-26 本文編輯:張瑜杰)

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