汪曉春 張偉
摘要:2017年江蘇全省推進(jìn)特色田園鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè),探索鄉(xiāng)村振興的江蘇路徑。本文從內(nèi)涵、背景及特點(diǎn)三個(gè)角度提出對(duì)于特色田園鄉(xiāng)村的理解,認(rèn)為特色田園鄉(xiāng)村是江蘇響應(yīng)國(guó)家鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略、順應(yīng)時(shí)代背景及城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展規(guī)律、回應(yīng)鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展實(shí)際需求的必然舉措,并在先期試點(diǎn)工作的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合案例闡述特色田園鄉(xiāng)村的做法和特點(diǎn),以期增強(qiáng)各界對(duì)于特色田園鄉(xiāng)村的認(rèn)知,更好地推進(jìn)特色田園鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)。
關(guān)鍵詞:鄉(xiāng)村振興;特色田園鄉(xiāng)村;江蘇省
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1009-1483.2018.10.002 中圖分類號(hào):TU984.2
文章編號(hào):1009-1483(2018)10-0005-08 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
A Preliminary Discussion about the Content Background and Features of the Characteristic Pastoral Countryside
WANG Xiaochun, ZHANG Wei
[Abstract] In 2017, the planning and constructions of the characteristic pastoral countryside has been promoted vigorously in Jiangsu province, an unique way of rural revitalization and countryside development has been explored. This article will introduce the mechanism,contents and features of characteristic pastoral countryside which are essential to respond positively to the national rural revitalization strategy. This article determines that it is inevitable and necessary to carry out the national rural revitalization strategy as it is not only a political will but also conforms the rural development and era backgrounds. Success has been achieved in early experiments of characteristic pastoral countryside within Jiangsu province, which gives out a strong confidence of the future construction work. It can be expected that combined with excellent examples of previous characteristic pastoral countryside, to enhance better understanding of characteristic pastoral countryside from all sectors of the society, and carry out the constructions of characteristic pastoral countryside.
[Keywords] rural revitalization; characteristic pastoral countryside; Jiangsu province
引言
自古以來(lái)中國(guó)“以農(nóng)立國(guó)”,鄉(xiāng)村是這個(gè)偉大文明古國(guó)構(gòu)成的基本細(xì)胞單元,催生了燦爛的中華文明,成為古代中國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的決定性力量。同時(shí)鄉(xiāng)村也是人們的精神家園,承載著美好生活的寄托,是人們從未停止追尋的詩(shī)和遠(yuǎn)方。但是邁入城市時(shí)代,鄉(xiāng)村面臨著諸多發(fā)展困境,鄉(xiāng)村空心化、環(huán)境臟亂差、鄉(xiāng)土特色喪失、傳統(tǒng)文化式微等等,儼然是城鄉(xiāng)關(guān)系中的“弱勢(shì)群體”,并由此催生了新世紀(jì)的“三農(nóng)” 問(wèn)題,引發(fā)政府、學(xué)界、商界廣泛關(guān)注。自2004年起連續(xù)十五個(gè)“一號(hào)文件”均聚焦“三農(nóng)”,在鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展、人居環(huán)境改善、基本公共服務(wù)提升等方面均投入了大量的政策和資金,大幅提升了鄉(xiāng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展水平和農(nóng)村人居環(huán)境。中共十九大提出鄉(xiāng)村振興戰(zhàn)略,為本世紀(jì)中葉實(shí)現(xiàn)“農(nóng)業(yè)強(qiáng)、農(nóng)村美、農(nóng)民富”吹響號(hào)角。
江蘇是全國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)最為發(fā)達(dá)的省份之一,城鎮(zhèn)化水平一直高于全國(guó)平均水平10%左右。伴隨著高速的城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程,城鄉(xiāng)發(fā)展的不平衡提前在江蘇顯現(xiàn),因此江蘇也是在全國(guó)率先推動(dòng)鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)發(fā)展的省份之一。近二十年來(lái),在鎮(zhèn)村空間優(yōu)化、村莊建設(shè)、人居環(huán)境改善、歷史文化保護(hù)、基本公共服務(wù)配套等方面持續(xù)開(kāi)展了大量工作,取得積極成效,在全國(guó)處于領(lǐng)先水平。但是反思這段歷程,還存在種種不足,例如:工作以政府推動(dòng)為主,多元參與不足;各自分散發(fā)力,聚焦聚合不足;關(guān)注物質(zhì)環(huán)境改善,鄉(xiāng)土特色彰顯不夠;建設(shè)發(fā)展為主,體制機(jī)制創(chuàng)新不足等,鄉(xiāng)村仍然是高水平全面小康的突出短板,因此2017年江蘇省委、省政府開(kāi)展了特色田園鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)行動(dòng),力圖在新時(shí)期、新要求下探索鄉(xiāng)村振興之路。
1特色田園鄉(xiāng)村的內(nèi)涵
特色田園鄉(xiāng)村建設(shè)以自然村為單元,覆蓋區(qū)域包括自然村周邊的自然空間和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)空間,通過(guò)整合升級(jí)現(xiàn)有農(nóng)村建設(shè)發(fā)展工作和項(xiàng)目、探索體制機(jī)制改革和鄉(xiāng)村發(fā)展多元路徑、優(yōu)化山水、田園、村落等空間要素、挖掘塑造當(dāng)代鄉(xiāng)土文化特色等方面工作,打造特色產(chǎn)業(yè)、特色生態(tài)、特色文化,塑造田園風(fēng)光、田園建筑、田園生活,建設(shè)美麗鄉(xiāng)村、宜居鄉(xiāng)村、活力鄉(xiāng)村。特色田園鄉(xiāng)村是對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村振興現(xiàn)實(shí)模樣的生動(dòng)描繪,其內(nèi)涵可分為“特色”“田園”和“鄉(xiāng)村”三個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞。