山東省聊城市第一中學(xué) 李茜

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John Snow（1813～1858）首次提出預(yù)防霍亂的措施。他對(duì)1854年倫敦西部西敏市蘇活區(qū)霍亂爆發(fā)的研究被認(rèn)為是流行病學(xué)研究的先驅(qū)。那么，你知道什么是霍亂嗎？

Cholera is a water-borne disease that is spread through polluted water and food. 1It produces an enterotoxin腸毒素 that causes a painless and watery diarrhea痢疾 that can quickly lead to severe dehydration脫水a(chǎn)nd death if treatment is not given in time.Vomiting嘔吐alsotakes placein most patients.Most persons infected with cholera do not become ill,although the bacterium is present in their waste for 7～14 days.When this illness does strike,more than 90%of the time it is not severe and is difficult to tell from other types of diarrhea.2

A person may get cholera by drinking water or eating food polluted with the cholera bacterium.The disease can spread rapidly in areas without the proper treatment of drinking water.The cholera bacterium may also live in the environment in dirty rivers and coastal waters.Shellfish eaten raw have been a source of cholera. 3

Cholera can be simply and successfully treated by immediate replacement of the fluid and salts lost through diarrhea.Patients can be treated by being given a mixture of sugar and salt to be mixed with water and drunk in large amounts.4 Persons who develop severe diarrhea and vomiting in countries where cholera takes place should seek medical attentionat once.

To avoid cholera,we should eat well-cooked food instead of raw food.

讀文刷題

A.Antibiotics抗生素shorten the course and decrease the severity of the illness.

B.During the 1830s and 1840s severe cholera epidemics threatened London.

C.Cholera is an illness caused by the bacterium called Vibrio cholera霍亂弧菌.

D.Therefore,the disease is not likely to spread directly from one person to another.

E.Less than 10%of sick persons develop cholera with signs of moderate or severe dehydration.

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有一項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

閱讀掃障

Ⅰ.熱詞積累

1.lead to導(dǎo)致

2.in time及時(shí)

3.take place發(fā)生

4.strikev.侵襲；爆發(fā)

5.at once立刻

Ⅱ.難句分析

1.It produces an enterotoxin that causes a painless and watery diarrhea that can quickly lead to severe dehydration and death if treatment is not given in time.它（霍亂弧菌）能產(chǎn)生一種無(wú)痛的、含水的痢疾。如果不能給予及時(shí)的治療，這種痢疾能快速地導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的脫水和死亡。

句中that引導(dǎo)的均為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞分別為enterotoxin和diarrhea；if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。

2.When this illness does strike,more than 90%of the time it is not severe and is difficult to tell from other types of diarrhea.當(dāng)這種疾病真的爆發(fā)時(shí)，超過(guò)90%的情況下它并不劇烈，我們很難把它與其他類型的痢疾區(qū)分開(kāi)來(lái)。

句中的does為助動(dòng)詞，在肯定句中放在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前，用于強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)氣，意為“確實(shí)；的確”，其變體為do和did；“it is not severe and is difficult to tell from other types of diarrhea”為“主語(yǔ)+be+adj.+to do”的句型，該句型中主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞不定式構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，動(dòng)詞不定式要用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)含義。