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文拉法辛和艾司西酞普蘭治療抑郁癥的效果及對(duì)心率變異性和自主神經(jīng)功能的影響比較

2018-09-25 10:32黃敏芳劉紀(jì)猛劉靈江黎興興周琪周東升
關(guān)鍵詞:艾司西酞普蘭抑郁癥

黃敏芳 劉紀(jì)猛 劉靈江 黎興興 周琪 周東升

[摘要] 目的 研究文拉法辛和艾司西酞普蘭對(duì)抑郁癥患者臨床療效、心率變異性及自主神經(jīng)功能的影響。 方法 選擇2016年12月~2017年12月在寧波市康寧醫(yī)院診斷為抑郁癥的患者100例作為研究對(duì)象,采用隨機(jī)信封法分為文拉法組和艾司西酞普蘭組,每組各50例。治療時(shí)間均為4周。治療前后采用漢密爾頓抑郁量表(HAMD)及漢密爾頓焦慮量表(HAMA)評(píng)估臨床療效,采用動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖檢測(cè)心率變異性,采用肌電圖檢測(cè)交感皮膚反應(yīng)(SSR)評(píng)估自主神經(jīng)功能。 結(jié)果 治療后兩組患者HAMD、HAMA評(píng)分均低于治療前,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);但治療后兩組HAMD、HAMA評(píng)分比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。兩組治療后總有效率比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。治療后兩組心率變異性指標(biāo)正常RR間期標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(SDNN)、每5個(gè)正常RR間期平均值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(SDANN)、總頻域值(TP)、低頻值(LF)、高頻值(HF)均高于治療前,相差超過(guò)50 ms的相鄰RR間期占據(jù)所有RR間期的百分?jǐn)?shù)均低于治療前,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);且治療后文拉法辛組改善更為顯著,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。治療后兩組SSR的起始波潛伏期均低于治療前,波幅均高于治療前,且文拉法辛組改善更為顯著,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 文拉法辛和艾司西酞普蘭治療抑郁癥的效果相當(dāng),但文拉法辛對(duì)抑郁癥患者的自主神經(jīng)功能和心率變異性的改善作用優(yōu)于艾司西酞普蘭。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 文拉法辛;艾司西酞普蘭;抑郁癥;自主神經(jīng)功能

[中圖分類號(hào)] R749.3 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2018)06(a)-0130-04

[Abstract] Objective To research the curative effect of Venlafaxine and Escitalopram in patients with depression and its influence on heart rate variability and autonomic nerve function. Methods From December 2016 to December 2017, 100 patients with depression admitted to Ningbo Kangning Hospital were selected and divided into Venlafaxine group and Escitalopram group by random envelope method, with 50 cases in each group. All patients were treated for 4 weeks. The Hamilton depression scale (HAMD) and Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) were applied to evaluate the clinical efficacy before and after treatment. The heart rate variability was measured by dynamic electrocardiogram. The sympathetic skin response (SSR) was used to assess the autonomic nerve function. Results After treatment, the scores of HAMD and HAMA in the two groups were all lower than those of before treatment, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05), but there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups after treatment (P > 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the total effective rate (P > 0.05). After treatment, the standard deviation of normal to normal R wave (SDNN), standard deviation of the averages of NN intervals in all 5-minute segments of the entire recording (SDANN), total power (TP), low frequency (LF) and high frequency (HF) were all significantly higher than those of before treatment, the percentage of intervals 50 ms different from preceding interval was significantly lower than that of before treatment, and the indicators above in the Venlafaxine group improved much more remarkably, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). After treatment, the latency of SSR in the two groups was lower than that of before treatment, the amplitude of SSR was significantly higher than that of before treatment, and the indicators above in the Venlafaxine group improved much more remarkably, with statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). Conclusion Venlafaxine and Escitalopram have equivalent effects on depression. The Venlafaxine is better than Escitalopram on heart rate variability and autonomic nerve function in depression patients.

[Key words] Venlafaxine; Escitalopram; Depression; Autonomic nerve function

抑郁癥以顯著而持久的心境低落為主要臨床特征,是心境障礙的主要類型,是臨床常見(jiàn)的精神疾病,在我國(guó)發(fā)病率達(dá)7%,世界范圍內(nèi)2005~2015年,其發(fā)病率增加了18%,同時(shí)抑郁也被認(rèn)為是除艾滋病、心血管疾病外疾病負(fù)擔(dān)的第三大原因[1]。抑郁癥的治療主要以生活方式的改變?nèi)鐪p輕壓力、改善睡眠營(yíng)養(yǎng),社會(huì)支持,心理治療如行為治療、人際治療等以及藥物治療。藥物治療如安非他酮、曲舍林能夠顯著緩解中度和重度抑郁癥的癥狀[2-3],而近年來(lái)對(duì)于抑郁癥患者的病理生理基礎(chǔ)如自主神經(jīng)功能障礙以及心臟心率變異性的改善同樣受到了關(guān)注[4-5]。本研究以抑郁癥患者為研究對(duì)象,觀察文拉法辛和艾司西酞普蘭對(duì)抑郁癥患者臨床療效、心率變異性和自主神經(jīng)功能的影響。現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下:

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

選擇2016年12月~2017年12月在寧波市康寧醫(yī)院(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“我院”)診斷為抑郁癥的患者100例為研究對(duì)象,其中男46例,女54例;平均年齡(40.24±3.65)歲;平均病程(24.36±5.92)個(gè)月。采用隨機(jī)信封法將患者隨機(jī)分為文拉法組和艾司西酞普蘭組,每組各50例。其中文拉法組男23例,女27例;平均年齡(41.78±4.32)歲;平均病程(23.57±5.28)個(gè)月。艾司西酞普蘭組男23例,女27例;平均年齡(39.57±4.75)歲;平均病程(24.73±6.46)個(gè)月。兩組患者性別、年齡、病程等各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)我院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者對(duì)本研究知情同意并簽署均知情同意書。

納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①符合疾病和有關(guān)健康問(wèn)題的國(guó)際統(tǒng)計(jì)分類(第10次修訂本)(the international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems 10th revision,ICD-10)[6]的抑郁癥診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),對(duì)生活興趣下降甚至缺乏,持續(xù)疲乏感存在;精神減退;食欲下降,體重顯著減輕。②自愿參加此項(xiàng)研究,依從性良好。

排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①合并嚴(yán)重的肝臟、心腦血管、造血系統(tǒng)、免疫系統(tǒng)、泌尿系統(tǒng)疾病或腫瘤患者;②合并藥物濫用或酗酒者;③有自殺行為及傾向者;④使用過(guò)精神病類藥物或抗抑郁藥患者。

退出標(biāo)準(zhǔn):如研究期間患者出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的并發(fā)癥、不良反應(yīng)或者不遵醫(yī)囑用藥則隨時(shí)退出本研究。

1.2 研究方法

文拉法辛組采用鹽酸文拉法辛緩釋膠囊(成都康弘藥業(yè)集團(tuán)有限公司,生產(chǎn)批號(hào):120508),初始劑量75 mg/d,2~3周內(nèi)逐漸增加至治療量150~225 mg/d。艾司西酞普蘭組采用草酸艾司西酞普蘭片(山東京衛(wèi)制藥有限公司,生產(chǎn)批號(hào):1307203),初始劑量10 mg/d,2~3周內(nèi)逐漸增加至治療量20 mg/d。兩組療程均為4周。

1.3 觀察指標(biāo)

1.3.1 焦慮抑郁評(píng)估 采用漢密爾頓抑郁量表(Hamilton depression scale,HAMD)[7]及漢密爾頓焦慮量表(Hamilton anxiety scale,HAMA)[8]進(jìn)行評(píng)估,HAMD量表中含有21項(xiàng)指標(biāo),評(píng)分為0~4分,其中前17個(gè)項(xiàng)目主要為衡量抑郁癥狀的嚴(yán)重程度,如情緒如何影響個(gè)人工作與休閑活動(dòng),評(píng)分0~7分為正常,8~16分表示輕度抑郁,17~23分為中度抑郁,24分以上表示嚴(yán)重抑郁。HAMA量表則分為14項(xiàng),評(píng)分為0~4分,總分為0~56分,<17分為輕度焦慮,18~24分為輕度,25~30分為重度。并以治療前后兩組患者HAMD-17評(píng)分的減分率作為臨床療效評(píng)估[9]依據(jù):HAMD-17減分率≥75%為痊愈;50%~<75%為顯效,25%~<50%為有效,<25%為無(wú)效。治療的總有效率=(痊愈+顯效+有效)例數(shù)/總例數(shù)×100%。HAMD-17評(píng)分的減分率(%)=(治療前評(píng)分-治療后評(píng)分)/治療前評(píng)分×100%。

1.3.2 心率變異性 采用心率變異分析系統(tǒng)(麥迪亞QHRV1-HW6)檢測(cè),計(jì)算正常RR間期標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(SDNN),相差超過(guò)50 ms的相鄰RR間期占據(jù)所有RR間期的百分?jǐn)?shù)(PNN50),每5個(gè)正常RR間期平均值標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(SDANN),總頻域值(TP),低頻值(LF)和高頻值(HF)。

1.3.3 自主神經(jīng)功能檢測(cè) 采用肌電圖/誘發(fā)電位儀(上海諾誠(chéng)公司,型號(hào)NTS-2000)檢測(cè)交感神經(jīng)皮膚反應(yīng)(sympathetic skin response,SSR),SSR是檢測(cè)自主神經(jīng)功能的一種常用電生理方法[10],是由內(nèi)源或外源性刺激所誘發(fā)的皮膚瞬時(shí)電位變化,可以客觀反映自主神經(jīng)功能,測(cè)量?jī)山M患者SSR的起始波潛伏期(s)及波幅(mV)。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用SPSS 20.0對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用百分率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組HAMD和HAMA評(píng)分比較

在研究的過(guò)程中,文拉法辛組2例退出,艾司西酞普蘭組3例退出。治療前兩組患者HAMD、HAMA評(píng)分比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05);治療后,兩組HAMD、HAMA評(píng)分均低于治療前,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);治療后兩組HAMD、HAMA評(píng)分比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。

2.2 兩組治療效果比較

治療后文拉法辛組總有效率略高于艾司西酞普蘭組,但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。

2.3 兩組治療前后心率變異性比較

治療前兩組患者心率變異性指標(biāo)SDNN、PNN50、SDANN、TP、LF及HF比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。治療后兩組SDNN、SDANN、TP、LF、HF均高于治療前,PNN50均低于治療前,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。且治療后文拉法辛組SDNN、SDANN、TP、LF和HF顯著高于艾司西酞普蘭組(P < 0.05),PNN50顯著低于艾司西酞普蘭組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。

2.4 兩組治療前后SSR比較

治療前兩組SSR的起始波潛伏期與波幅比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。治療后兩組SSR的起始波潛伏期均低于治療前,波幅均高于治療前,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);且治療后文拉法辛組SSR的起始波潛伏期顯著低于艾司西酞普蘭組(P < 0.05),波幅顯著高于艾司西酞普蘭組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見(jiàn)表4。

3 討論

抑郁癥的藥物治療效果是廣為關(guān)注的重要問(wèn)題,文拉法辛能夠雙通道抑制去甲腎上腺素,艾司西酞普蘭則為單通道5-羥色胺再攝取抑制劑,兩者都可以有效改善抑郁癥狀,是廣泛使用的臨床抗抑郁藥[11-12]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,文拉法辛組和艾司西酞普蘭組患者治療后HAMD及HAMA評(píng)分顯著下降,文拉法辛組的有效率和艾司西酞普蘭組的有效率相當(dāng),與國(guó)內(nèi)外研究報(bào)道一致[13]。

心率變異性反映竇性心動(dòng)周期上下波動(dòng)的情況,是臨床常用于評(píng)估心血管功能的無(wú)創(chuàng)方法[14],通過(guò)收集逐次竇性心搏RR間期的波動(dòng)情況能夠評(píng)估心臟的自主神經(jīng)功能[15]。近年來(lái)的歐美研究顯示,抑郁癥患者心臟交感神經(jīng)活性增強(qiáng),且副交感神經(jīng)活性減弱,SDNN、SDANN、TP、LF及HF與正常人相比明顯下降,且與抑郁嚴(yán)重指數(shù)呈現(xiàn)線性相關(guān)[16-17]。抑郁癥患者心血管疾病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于正常人,也與其心臟自主神經(jīng)功能紊亂有關(guān)[18-19]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,治療后兩組患者SDNN、SDANN、TP、LF及HF均明顯升高(P < 0.05),PNN50明顯降低(P < 0.05),提示文拉法辛和艾司西酞普蘭抗抑郁治療均可以改善抑郁癥患者心臟自主神經(jīng)功能紊亂,這與劉強(qiáng)等[20]綜述結(jié)果一致。

SSR是檢測(cè)交感神經(jīng)功能的臨床常用手段,SSR潛伏期反映交感神經(jīng)興奮在反射弧的整個(gè)傳導(dǎo)過(guò)程,波幅高低提示交感神經(jīng)的興奮程度,SSR多用于評(píng)價(jià)各種疾病引起的自主神經(jīng)功能病變[21]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),抑郁癥患者較健康人SSR潛伏期延長(zhǎng)且波幅降低,SSR潛伏期及波幅異常的程度與患者抑郁癥嚴(yán)重程度具有相關(guān)性,抑郁癥患者存在不同程度的自主神經(jīng)功能紊亂[22]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,治療后兩組患者SSR潛伏期明顯下降,波幅明顯上升,提示抗抑郁治療能夠促進(jìn)患者的自主神經(jīng)功能恢復(fù)。文拉法辛組患者SSR波幅較艾司西酞普蘭升高更為顯著,可能和其雙通道作用的機(jī)制有關(guān),提示文拉法辛對(duì)抑郁癥患者自主神經(jīng)功能恢復(fù)的效果優(yōu)于艾司西酞普蘭。

綜上所述,文拉法辛和艾司西酞普蘭治療抑郁癥臨床療效相當(dāng),但文拉法辛對(duì)抑郁癥患者的自主神經(jīng)功能、心率變異性的改善作用優(yōu)于艾司西酞普蘭,對(duì)于心率變異性或者自主神經(jīng)功能指標(biāo)較差的患者,可優(yōu)先考慮文拉法辛。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

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