文查干 CHA Gan

今天的華語詩(shī)壇，因洛夫詩(shī)的存在而顯得厚重。洛夫是我喜愛的大詩(shī)人之一，他的詩(shī)集是我案頭讀物、床頭讀物。每當(dāng)夜深人靜或心緒愁苦時(shí)，我首先想到并細(xì)細(xì)品讀的就是他的詩(shī)作，因?yàn)槟切┳髌?，總能使我擺脫心靈困境，引我走向空靈與殷實(shí)。

少年時(shí)，剛識(shí)得些許漢字，就半生不熟、一知半解地去試讀古典詩(shī)詞，尤其唐代詩(shī)歌，剛一接觸，就被它的博大與精美所吸引，欲罷不能，如癡如醉，為了讀懂王維一首五言絕句，甚至深夜去敲一位師長(zhǎng)之門，人家或許以為我有些神經(jīng)質(zhì)。這是沒有辦法的事，王維詩(shī)作那種無量之美和空靈通達(dá)的境界，不能不使人品讀再三，精神昂奮。洛夫在繼承和拓展古典詩(shī)詞方面的探索，早已是領(lǐng)先在前了。初讀洛詩(shī)的那一種喜悅之情，現(xiàn)在想來，真是不亞于初讀盛唐之詩(shī)。這是我的獨(dú)特感受，因?yàn)槲沂敲晒抛澹x漢文詩(shī)作的感覺，肯定與漢族讀者有所不同。所以說，它一定有它的過人之處。

我以為，傳統(tǒng)是無法完全回歸的。你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)是李白、杜甫或者李清照，更不會(huì)是《詩(shī)經(jīng)》中人。因?yàn)樯瞽h(huán)境變了，生產(chǎn)方式變了，人的思維方式不可能不變，運(yùn)作形式不可能不變。所以，誰誰回歸了傳統(tǒng)之類的說法，是欠推敲的，師承古典、發(fā)展古典這樣一種說法，倒是合乎規(guī)律，也比較科學(xué)。洛夫的新詩(shī)，無論語言、意象、所造出來的氣氛，都是現(xiàn)代的，嶄新的，毫無陳舊之痕跡可尋，倒是它的骨子里滲透著古典詩(shī)詞的深邃與精華。

讀現(xiàn)代詩(shī)，很大的缺憾便是語言的粗糙和不練達(dá)，或過分民歌化，或過分譯文化。讀某些新詩(shī)，感受不到中華詩(shī)歌的味道，似在讀沒有譯好的外國(guó)詩(shī)，是非茶、非咖啡的那一種，很令人失望。

讀洛夫的詩(shī)，卻很讓人過癮，純粹的中國(guó)韻味，又不缺乏現(xiàn)代氣息。他的精美短詩(shī)，可與古典名作媲美，極洗練而又很少瑕疵，變更其中任何一個(gè)字，都會(huì)對(duì)詩(shī)本身造成傷害，可以說，他是在追求語不驚人死不休的那一種境界。當(dāng)我第一次讀到他的小詩(shī)《金龍禪寺》 ，就被它的博大空靈和出人意料的哲思意象所震撼。我喜歡讀禪詩(shī)，喜歡山寺中的寧?kù)o神秘的氛圍，因?yàn)樗梢韵礈烊说男撵`，可以去除人心里非人性的那一部分。在這里我們重溫一下這首精品：

晚鐘

是游客下山的小路

羊齒植物

沿著白色的石階

一路嚼了下去

如果此處降雪

而只見

一只驚起的灰蟬

把山中的燈火

一盞盞地

點(diǎn)燃

洛夫

這簡(jiǎn)直是神來之筆，他運(yùn)用晚鐘、羊齒植物、雪、灰蟬、燈火這樣一些常見之物，勾勒和營(yíng)造出讓人驚嘆不已的詩(shī)的境界來，你能找出一個(gè)多余的字詞嗎？你能改動(dòng)他的一字一語嗎？晚鐘，怎么會(huì)是游客下山的小路呢？看似不合理，卻又天然合理，這里省略了極多筆墨，在意象的跳躍重組中，給讀者展現(xiàn)出一個(gè)恬靜幽美而曠大神秘的生活畫面。而沿著白色石階，一路嚼了下去的不是動(dòng)物，而是植物，怪異又不怪異，有點(diǎn)魔幻意味，大大地出乎你的意料，使你的思維攀升到極高極闊的想象空間?！叭绻颂幗笛币痪?，突兀獨(dú)立，更使你的聯(lián)想上天入地。那么，如此神妙的山野之境中，誰來點(diǎn)燃那一盞盞的山野燈火呢？不是小和尚而是一只驚起的灰蟬，你看，這時(shí)的你，是置身在人世間呢？還是在仙境之中？你是食人間煙火的人呢？還是以愛擁抱人間的詩(shī)之神？真是妙不可言，真乃詩(shī)成泣鬼神。這使我想起唐人描寫廬山夜色的小詩(shī)《遠(yuǎn)公龕》中的詩(shī)句：“松路向精舍，花龕歸老僧。閑云隨錫杖，落日低金繩。入夜翠微里，千峰明一燈?！庇浀梦以ミ^廬山并住在牯嶺，晚上出來散步，驚人地發(fā)現(xiàn)了詩(shī)中所寫到的“千峰明一燈”的那一景象，只是不曉得那是精舍之燈呢？還是別的什么燈？唐代許多描摹山水田園的高手，其詩(shī)作為后人所推崇。洛夫的《金龍禪寺》同樣達(dá)到了這一高度。

可以說，洛夫短詩(shī)，首首皆精品，很難找出打造痕跡，自然天成充滿智慧，因?yàn)樗鼈儤O盡功夫。我尤為喜歡他的《長(zhǎng)恨歌》《與李賀共飲》《邊界望鄉(xiāng)》《李白傳奇》《車上讀杜甫》《西湖二題》《走向王維》《石室之死亡》《杜甫草堂》《隨雨聲入山而不見雨》等詩(shī)作?？傊?，洛夫開辟了一條傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代相融相輔的可喜之路，這是華文新詩(shī)的榮耀，也是希望。

1979年，洛夫訪問香港，詩(shī)人余光中陪他去邊界落馬洲遙望大陸，洛夫?qū)懴铝苏鸷橙诵牡摹哆吔缤l(xiāng)》。近日洛夫先生去世后，有媒體報(bào)道，他在彌留之際還希望朋友幫他完成最后一個(gè)心愿——將自己的詩(shī)篇《邊界望鄉(xiāng)》刻成石碑，置放在深圳的公園。

這讓我想起早些年，當(dāng)我讀到洛夫的《邊界望鄉(xiāng)》這首詩(shī)之后，心有感動(dòng)，隨手寫了一首《致洛夫》的短詩(shī)，發(fā)在一家詩(shī)刊上，之后收在我的詩(shī)集《靈魂家園》里，現(xiàn)在抄錄如下，作為此文的結(jié)尾，懷念洛夫先生：

我讀你的《邊界望鄉(xiāng)》

也讀你悲壯心態(tài)

你這位仁兄

從山野小徑

爬上高速公路

走了那么輝煌那么遙遠(yuǎn)的路

而后又折回來

重新踏入山野小徑

以生汗的手掌

抹去淚水

是一條硬漢子

開拓路

而后又選擇路

創(chuàng)造了不少華麗詞藻

而后又毫無足惜地

洗掉色彩

使心靈 回歸自然

使詩(shī) 回歸自然

憬悟的鐘

敲了幾下

就震得我從方格中猛然醒來

你站在我面前 說

老弟 看見沒有

無色彩的

倒是富有色彩

The present Parnassus in China remains seems quite substantial due to the existence of Luofu, who is one of my favorite poets. His poetry collections are always by my desk and bedside.Whenever late at night or full of feelings of misery, my first thought followed by careful reading is his poetry,because those works can always get me out of the dilemma of the soul and lead me to emptiness and honesty.

When I was a teenager, I was in an unfamiliar and half-baked condition to read classic poetry just after learning a few Chinese characters. Especially the poetry of the Tang Dynasty, I was totally touched and attracted by its broadness and exquisiteness.I was intoxicated to even knock a teacher's doorat night with pure hope of understanding one of the five-word quatrains of WANG Wei,people may think I am a little neurotic.It is absolutely unsolvable as the realm of immeasurable beauty and ethereal spirit of WANG Wei’s poems are imperative to read more and more and inspiring. Mr. Luofu has long been ahead of others in terms of inheriting and expanding classical poetry. The joyful feelings of reading his poems for the first time are no less than that of the Tang Dynasty at the beginning.This is my unique feeling because I am a Mongolian. And my feeling of reading a Chinese poetry is definitely different from that of the Han readers. So, it must have its exclusive forte.

In my opinion, the tradition cannot be fully returned. You will never be LI Bai, DU Fu, or LI Qingzhao, nor will you be the man of the Book of Songs. Because the living environment has changed and the mode of production has changed, your way of thinking cannot be changed, and your mode of operation cannot be changed.Therefore, anyone’s returning to the tradition and such similar arguments lack of consideration. Such a theory that inheriting the classics and the development of the classical ones is not only in accordance with the law, but also more scientific.Mr. Luofu’s new poetry, regardless of language, imagery and atmosphere created, remains modern and brand-new, which has no trace of oldness. It is in its bones that permeate the depth and essence of classical poetry.

Upon reading the modern poetry, the greater imperfection is the coarseness and inexperience of language, which might be of excessive folklore or excessive translation.The taste of Chinese poetry could not be felt upon reading some new poems, which seems to be reading untranslated foreign poems, non-tea or noncoffee, very disappointing.

Reading Mr. Luofu'spoems is very addictive, pure Chinese charm, but no lack of modern flavor. His exquisite short poems are comparable to classical masterpieces, which are extremely simple and flawless. Changing any one of these words will harm the poem itself. In other words, he is in the realm of pursuing his own most impressive languages. When reading his poemGolden Dragon Templefor the first time,I was shocked by its broad emptiness and unexpected philosophical imagery. I like to read poetry concerning Zen and the quiet and mysterious atmosphere in the temple, as it can wash people's hearts and remove the part of human heart that is inhuman.

Let’s review this piece:

Evening bell

Are roads for tourists down the hills,

Fern plants

Along the white stone steps

Chewing down all the way

If snowfalls here

And only see

A startled gray cicada

Put the lights in the mountains

One after another

Ignite

This is exactly the magic of God. He employs common things,such as temples, night bells, ferns, snow, gray cicada and lights to outline and create an amazing world of poetry. Can you find a superfluous word?Can you change any of his words? How could the night bells be the path of a tourist going down the mountain?Seemingly unreasonable, but it was natural and reasonable as there was a great deal of description omitted here. In the leap and reorganization of images, the reader is shown a quiet and beautiful life with mystery.And along the white stone steps,it is not animals, but plants that chewing all the way, weird but not strange, and full of magic and greatly exceeding your expectations and making your mind climbing to an extremely high space of imagination. The sentence of "If snow falls here",unexpected and independent, makes your imagination into heaven.Then, who will ignite the wild light of the mountains in such a wonderful wilderness? It is not a young monk but a frightened gray cicada. As you may see, at this moment, are you in the world orstill in the Wonderland? Are you a common person or the god of poetry embracing the human being with passion?It is just so wonderful and indescribable.This reminds me of a poem of the Tang dynastyYuan Gong Shrine, which depicted the nightfall of Lushan Mountain: "The pine road leads to the noble house, and the flower shrine belongs to the old monk. Idle clouds flow freely, and the sunset looks golden in color. Into the deep night, a light was ignited amongst mountains."I remember that I had been to Lushan Mountain and lived in Yuling. I came out for a walk in the evening and was shocked to discover the scene of the "a light ignited amongst mountains" in the poem.I just didn't know if it was the light of the temple or others.The poems of many of the Tang Dynasty masters keen on the landscape are deeply respected by later generations. Mr. Luofu’sGolden Dragon Templehas also reached the same height.

It can be said that Luofu’s short poems are all outstanding, and it is difficult to find traces of creation accordingly which is full of wisdom after natural creation. I am especially deep into some of his works, includingSong of Everlasting Sorrow, Drink with LI He,Looking into Hometown by Border, Legend of LI Bai, Reading DU Fu by Carriage, Xi Hu Er Ti, Approaching WANG Wei, Death of Stone Room, Thatched Cottage of DU Fu, Rain-falling into the mountains without seeing the rainand etc. In general, Mr. Luofu has opened up a gratifying path that complements the tradition and the modern, which is the glory and hope of the new Chinese poetry.

In 1979, the poet YU Guangzhong accompanied him to the border,Lok Ma Chauto look into the mainland during his visit to Hong Kong, during which he wrote the shockingLooking into Hometown by Border. After the death of Mr. Luofu in the last few days, some media reported that he still hoped that his friend would help him to complete his last wish at the time of his stay- to engrave his own poemLooking into Hometown by Borderinto a stone monument and place it in a park in Shenzhen.

It reminds me of the early years. When I read Mr. Luofu's poemLooking into Hometown by Border, my heart was so touched,and I wrote a short poem "To Luofu" which has been published in a poetry periodical. After that, it was collected in my collection of poemsThe Soul Homeland. Now it is copied as follows as the end of this article in memory of Mr. Luofu:

I read yourLooking into Hometown by Border

Also read your tragic attitude

My dear friend

From the trail in wilderness

Climb into the highway

Walk the path of brilliance and distance

Then back again

Step back into the wilderness trail

With sweaty palms

Wipe away tears

As a tough guy

Explore the road

Then choose the way

Create a lot of gorgeous words

And then without any regret

Wash off color

Make the mind return to nature

Make the poems return to nature

Awakening the bell

Knocking a few times

So shocked that I suddenly wake up from the square

Stand before me, and say

My brother, can’t you see

Colorless

But full of color