胡楊

學(xué)習(xí)是學(xué)業(yè)成功的重要組成部分。然而，有時(shí)候很難找到合適的時(shí)間來學(xué)習(xí)我們所需要學(xué)習(xí)的每一科。要保證學(xué)習(xí)成功的方法之一是制定一個(gè)可靠的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃。然而，制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃比我們想象的要困難得多。你不僅要優(yōu)先考慮你的科目和課程安排，而且要平衡其它諸如和家人相處，和朋友聚會(huì)以及娛樂活動(dòng)的時(shí)間。其實(shí)，只要稍加思考和一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)的工作，你就可以制定出一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間表，從而滿足你所有的學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)。

Part 1 Creating Your Schedule

第一部分 制作屬于你的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃

1. List all the subjects you need to study. The first step in creating your study schedule is to list all of the subjects and courses you need to study for. Putting your obligations1 on paper will help you get a better idea of what you really have to do. If you have specific exams to study for， list these instead of courses.

1. 列出你需要學(xué)習(xí)的所有科目。創(chuàng)建學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃的第一步是列出你要學(xué)的所有科目和課程。把你的任務(wù)寫在紙上可以幫助你更好地了解你真正需要做什么。如果近期你有特定的考試需要復(fù)習(xí)，那就把這些考試的復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容都列出來替代課程。

2. Figure out what you need to do for each subject or exam. Now that youve written down all of the different subjects you need to study for， you need to figure out what you need to do for each course. While your time commitment2 for a specific class might change per week， chances are youll find out that over the long-haul3， youll need a certain amount of time per subject.

2. 弄清楚你需要為每個(gè)科目或考試做些什么。既然你已經(jīng)寫下了你需要學(xué)習(xí)的所有不同的科目，你還需要思考該做些什么才能學(xué)好這些課程。雖然每周你對(duì)某一特定課程的時(shí)間安排可能會(huì)有所變化，但從長遠(yuǎn)來看，每個(gè)科目都需要一定的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間。

If you have a study guide or a textbook with review sections， use it to narrow down what you list.

如果你有學(xué)習(xí)指南或者課本有復(fù)習(xí)板塊的內(nèi)容，那你可以用來縮減所列出來的內(nèi)容。

Reserve time for reading， and reviewing your notes. Reserve time to create exam study guides， if youll need them.

預(yù)留時(shí)間閱讀和復(fù)習(xí)筆記。如果你需要，可以預(yù)留時(shí)間來制定備考指南。

3. Prioritize4 your list. After youve made a list of all the subjects or exams you need to study for and figured out what you need to do for each， prioritize the list. Ranking each class in importance will help you figure out what subjects you need to devote the most time to and which subjects should get your best time slots5.

3. 事情按照優(yōu)先順序排好。在你列出了所需要學(xué)習(xí)的所有科目或考試的清單之后，思考并列出為了實(shí)現(xiàn)清單上的目標(biāo)你需要做的事情，然后把列出的事情按照優(yōu)先順序排好。對(duì)每一類目標(biāo)按重要性進(jìn)行排序能幫你找出哪些科目需要投入最多的時(shí)間，哪些科目應(yīng)該安排最佳時(shí)間段來復(fù)習(xí)。

Take into account difficulty of the subject or exam， the amount of reading you will need to do， and the amount of reviewing you will need to do.

重視學(xué)科學(xué)習(xí)或者考試的難度，你需要完成的閱讀量，以及你需要完成的復(fù)習(xí)任務(wù)量。

4. Divide your available time during the week into study blocks. Before you go on， you need to divide up your available time during the week into study blocks. After you do this， you can go and assign your blocks to a subject.

4. 把你一周可用的時(shí)間分為不同時(shí)間段用來學(xué)習(xí)。在你準(zhǔn)備制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃之前，你需要先把你一周可用的時(shí)間分出不同的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間段。這樣你就可以在不同的時(shí)間段安排某個(gè)學(xué)科。

The trick to creating a study schedule is to plan to study the same time every day so you actually have a schedule you can memorize without constantly checking. By creating a routine， youll build a positive study habit.

制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃的訣竅是計(jì)劃每天都在同一時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)，這樣你就有一個(gè)不用反復(fù)核對(duì)就能記住的時(shí)間表了。通過創(chuàng)建一個(gè)例行安排，你可以養(yǎng)成一個(gè)良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣。

For example， you may be free 3～4 p.m. every Tuesday and Thursday. If possible， try to schedule your studying then， because a regular， set routine can help you get into a studying mindset6 and into one more quickly.

例如，你也許每周二和周四的下午三點(diǎn)到四點(diǎn)有空余時(shí)間。如果可以的話，把這些空余時(shí)間安排為你的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間，因?yàn)橛幸?guī)律、固定的例行安排可以幫助你進(jìn)入到學(xué)習(xí)的固定思維模式，并且更快地進(jìn)入到學(xué)習(xí)的狀態(tài)。

Schedule study sessions in 30 to 45 minute blocks. Shorter time blocks are easier to find and to schedule than longer blocks.

在30到45分鐘的時(shí)間段里安排學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。較短的時(shí)間段更容易找到，而且比長時(shí)間段的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間更容易安排。

5. Reserve time for non-academic activities. While blocking off time for each subject， you also need to make sure that you are reserving time for family， friends， and rest. This is because you wont be able to succeed at your studies unless you create a healthy balance between your personal life and your academic life.

5. 預(yù)留非學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)的時(shí)間。在為每一門課程設(shè)定學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間的同時(shí)，你也需要確保你預(yù)留了時(shí)間和家人相處，和朋友聚會(huì)以及自己的休息時(shí)間。這是因?yàn)?，除非你在個(gè)人生活和學(xué)術(shù)生活之間建立一個(gè)健康的平衡狀態(tài)，否則你無法在學(xué)習(xí)上取得成功。

If you only have a very limited amount of time before important exams， consider postponing or canceling regular social or extra-curricular activities.

如果你在重要考試前只有很有限的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)，可以考慮推遲或取消定期的社交或課外活動(dòng)。

6. Prioritize studying for approaching exams. Divide all of your studying up into the limited amount of time you have and spread the material out over the time you have before a given exam.

6. 優(yōu)先學(xué)習(xí)考試將近的學(xué)科。考試之前，把所有的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)劃分到有限的學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)間里面去，并在這些時(shí)間表里羅列出所需要復(fù)習(xí)的資料，然后按照計(jì)劃的時(shí)間復(fù)習(xí)對(duì)應(yīng)的科目。

Part 2 Considering Your Schedule and Personality

第二部分 考慮你的計(jì)劃以及個(gè)性

1. Assess your current schedule. Your first step in creating a study schedule is to assess your current schedule and the way you currently spend time. Assessing your current schedule will enable you to take a good look at how you use time and to help identify where you can be more efficient and what activities you might be able to cut.

1. 評(píng)估你當(dāng)前的時(shí)間表。你創(chuàng)建學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃的第一步是評(píng)估你當(dāng)前的計(jì)劃和了解你當(dāng)前的時(shí)間安排。評(píng)估你當(dāng)前的時(shí)間表將使你能夠更好地認(rèn)識(shí)到該如何利用你的時(shí)間，幫助你確定哪些地方你能更高效率地完成對(duì)應(yīng)的任務(wù)，哪些活動(dòng)是你可以適當(dāng)減少的。

Determine how many hours a week you currently study. Determine how many hours a week you currently devote to entertainment. Determine how many hours a week you currently spend with friends and family.

確定你目前每周有多少小時(shí)用來學(xué)習(xí)。確定目前你每周娛樂的總時(shí)間。確定每周你與朋友和家人相處的時(shí)間。

Do some quick math to see what you could cut. People tend to find they spend a lot of time on entertainment， start there.

做一些快速數(shù)學(xué)計(jì)算，看看你能削減哪部分時(shí)間用來學(xué)習(xí)。人們往往會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)他們花了很多時(shí)間在娛樂活動(dòng)上，從那開始削減。

2. Take into account your learning style. While figuring out how you spend time is one of the most important parts of creating your schedule， you also need to figure out how you actually study. Figuring out how you study can help you determine if you can have overlap7 in activities. It will also help you figure out how you can use time you dont normally use. Ask yourself a few questions.

2. 考慮一下你的學(xué)習(xí)風(fēng)格。雖然認(rèn)識(shí)到平時(shí)你如何進(jìn)行時(shí)間分配是制定時(shí)間表的重點(diǎn)之一，然而你還需要弄清楚你實(shí)際上是如何學(xué)習(xí)的。弄清楚你是如何學(xué)習(xí)的可以幫助你確定活動(dòng)中是否有重疊。它還將幫助你認(rèn)識(shí)到該如何使用你平時(shí)沒用到的時(shí)間。問你自己幾個(gè)問題。

Are you an auditory learner？ Perhaps listen to recorded lectures or other audio studying material when driving in the car or when working out in the gym.

你是聽覺學(xué)習(xí)者嗎？也許在開車或在健身房鍛煉時(shí)，聽錄音課或其他音頻學(xué)習(xí)材料也能幫助你學(xué)習(xí)。

Are you a visual learner？ Can you put up pictures or watch videos to learn？ Try watching a video as a way to learn and as a way of entertainment.

你是視覺學(xué)習(xí)者嗎？你可以通過貼圖片或看錄像的方式來學(xué)習(xí)嗎？試著通過看視頻作為一種學(xué)習(xí)方式，亦可作為一種娛樂方式。

3. Reflect upon your work ethic. Although you might design yourself an awesome schedule， your schedule will mean relatively little if you dont commit yourself to studying. As a result， you need to spend a little bit of time reflecting upon your work ethic. After doing so：

3. 反思你的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度。雖然你可能會(huì)為自己設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)令人驚嘆的時(shí)間表，但如果你不全心投入學(xué)習(xí)，你的日程安排將相對(duì)偏少。因此，你需要花一點(diǎn)時(shí)間來反思你的學(xué)習(xí)態(tài)度。這樣做之后：

Plan your schedule based on how you think you will work. If you tend to lose focus and take a lot of breaks， build in extra time into your schedule.

基于你的工作方式來制定你的計(jì)劃。如果你容易失去重點(diǎn)，不能集中注意力，需要很多休息時(shí)間，那就把額外的時(shí)間算進(jìn)你的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃里。

If you know you have a very solid work ethic， provide yourself with the ability to complete work early. You might do this by creating an extra “bonus” spot in your schedule that you can use to get ahead on any subject you want.

如果你知道自己有很好的職業(yè)道德，就讓自己能提前完成工作。你可以在時(shí)間表中創(chuàng)建一個(gè)額外的”加分”點(diǎn)，用于完成任何你想要學(xué)習(xí)的科目。

Part 3 Following Your Schedule

第三部分 執(zhí)行你的計(jì)劃

1. Make the most of your scheduled off time. One of the biggest challenges in following your study schedule is that youll be tempted8 to blow it off and instead do something relaxing， fun， or entertaining. However， you need to resist this temptation and instead make the most of your scheduled entertainment time.

1. 充分利用預(yù)定的休息時(shí)間。在執(zhí)行你制定的學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃中最大的挑戰(zhàn)之一是你會(huì)試圖擺脫它，取而代之的是做一些輕松、有趣的娛樂活動(dòng)。然而，你需要抵制住這種誘惑，并且要充分利用你預(yù)定的娛樂時(shí)間。

Use your off time as a way of recharging. Taking a nap might help you. Going for a walk or doing some yoga might relax you and help you to focus when you need to get back to studying.

利用你的空閑時(shí)間作為養(yǎng)精蓄銳的一種方式。小睡一下可能會(huì)對(duì)你有幫助。當(dāng)你需要重新回去學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候，你可以先去散散步或者做一些瑜伽，放松下，從而幫助你學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)候集中注意力。

Make sure to get out of the house. Use your off time to go out away from your study space.

確保休息的時(shí)候離開你學(xué)習(xí)的地方。利用業(yè)余時(shí)間走出你的學(xué)習(xí)空間。

2. Take short breaks and stick to them. Make sure to take one break during each study block. However， this could present problems. One of the most important elements of following your study schedule is to make sure you abide9 by your schedule and only take the allotted10 amount of break time. Taking extra breaks or prolonging breaks can and will undermine your schedule.

2. 短暫休息一下，堅(jiān)持下去。確保每次學(xué)習(xí)期間一定要休息一次。然而，這可能會(huì)帶來問題。遵循學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃最重要的因素之一是確保你遵守時(shí)間表，只在預(yù)定的休息時(shí)間休息。多休息或延長休息時(shí)間可能會(huì)打亂你的計(jì)劃。

Take one 5～10 minute long break during your study blocks. Dont exceed 10 minutes. At the start of your break， set an alarm that will go off when your break is over. Use your break wisely. Make sure to use your break to refresh yourself. Take a stretch， go for a short walk， eat a small snack， or get pumped by listening to some music. Avoid distractions that could prolong your break.

在學(xué)習(xí)期間休息5到10分鐘。不要超過10分鐘。在你休息的時(shí)候，設(shè)定一個(gè)鬧鐘，當(dāng)休息時(shí)間結(jié)束時(shí)鬧鐘會(huì)響。聰明地使用你的休息時(shí)間。一定要利用休息時(shí)間來提神。舒展一下身體，散散步，吃點(diǎn)零食，或者聽點(diǎn)音樂來為自己打氣。避免那些令人分心的人或事，那可能延長你的休息時(shí)間。

3. Stick to the schedule. The one hard-and-fast rule about making sure your schedule works is that youve got to stick to your schedule. Theres no point in making a study schedule if you dont stick to it.

3. 堅(jiān)持進(jìn)度。要確保你的時(shí)間表正常進(jìn)行，一條嚴(yán)格的規(guī)則就是你必須堅(jiān)持計(jì)劃。如果你不堅(jiān)持學(xué)習(xí)的話，制定學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)劃是沒有意義的。

Once youve established a routine， you may start mentally associating certain acts， such as the opening of a textbook or sitting down at a desk， with a study mode.

一旦你形成了日常習(xí)慣，你就可以開始在思維模式上將某些行為聯(lián)系起來，比如打開教科書或坐在書桌旁，開啟學(xué)習(xí)模式。

4. Tell others about your schedule. Sometimes our schedules are hard to follow because important people in our lives distract us from our goals. This is not done maliciously11， but just because people who care about you want to spend time with you. In order to avoid this， tell people in your lives about your schedule. This way， if they want to do something， they can plan around it.

4. 告訴別人你的日程安排。有時(shí)候我們執(zhí)行計(jì)劃表很難，因?yàn)槲覀兩钪械闹匾宋飼?huì)分散我們的注意力。這不是惡意的，只是因?yàn)殛P(guān)心你的人想和你在一起。為了避免這種情況，把你的日程安排告訴你身邊的人。這樣，如果他們想做某事，可以參考你的計(jì)劃表來計(jì)劃與你相處的時(shí)間。

Post a copy of your study guide on the refrigerator at home so your family can see it. Email a copy out to your friends so they know when you are free. If someone plans something during a study slot， politely ask them if you can reschedule for another time.

把你的學(xué)習(xí)指南復(fù)印件貼在家里的冰箱上，這樣你的家人就可以看到了。發(fā)電子郵件給你的朋友，這樣他們就知道你什么時(shí)候有空。如果有人在你學(xué)習(xí)期間計(jì)劃某事，禮貌地詢問他們是否可以重新安排時(shí)間。

Notes：

1. obligation n. 義務(wù)；職責(zé)

2. commitment n. 承諾，保證；委托；承擔(dān)義務(wù)；獻(xiàn)身

3. long-haul adj. 長途的；長運(yùn)距的；長時(shí)間的

4. prioritize vi. 把事情按優(yōu)先順序排好；vt. 把……區(qū)分優(yōu)先次序

5. time slot時(shí)間空檔；（電視或廣播電臺(tái)的）播放時(shí)段

6. mindset n. 心態(tài)；傾向；習(xí)慣；精神狀態(tài)

7. overlap vt. 與……重疊；與……同時(shí)發(fā)生

8. tempt vt. 誘惑；引起

9. abide v. 持續(xù)；忍受；停留；遵守 10. allot v. 分配；撥給；分派

11. maliciously adv. 有敵意地，惡意地