廖劍
[摘要] 目的 探討心肌應(yīng)變?cè)诎昴ぶ脫Q術(shù)后短期療效中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 方法 便利選取42例瓣膜病患者,就診時(shí)間為2017年5月—2018年5月期間,另選取30名健康志愿者作為對(duì)照組,患者均于瓣膜置換術(shù)前、術(shù)后1周、術(shù)后1個(gè)月行超聲心動(dòng)圖檢查,獲取左室節(jié)段應(yīng)變參數(shù),并進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,并觀察術(shù)前異常節(jié)段應(yīng)變參數(shù)在術(shù)后1周、術(shù)后1個(gè)月的變化情況。結(jié)果 與對(duì)照組比較,瓣膜病組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后1周、術(shù)后1個(gè)月,GLSepi、GLSendo、GCSendo 及GCSepi均減低(P<0.05),GLSepi不同時(shí)間段分別為(-14.5±1.5)%、(-8.7±1.2)%、(-11.4±2.5)%;GLSendo分別為(-19.9±1.5)%、(-12.1±3.5)%、(-17.6±3.2)%;GCSendo分別為(-25.8±3.5)%、(-17.3±3.5)%、(-19.1±4.3)%;GCSepi分別為(-12.2±1.5)%、(-7.5±1.5)%、(-9.3±1.8)%;與術(shù)前比較,瓣膜病組患者術(shù)后1周時(shí)上述指標(biāo)均減低(P<0.05),術(shù)后1個(gè)月時(shí)GCSendo 和GCSepi減低(P<0.05);與術(shù)后1周比較,術(shù)后1個(gè)月時(shí)GLSendo 和GLSepi明顯增高,而GCSendo 和GCSepi無明顯變化;相比于術(shù)前,瓣膜組患者術(shù)后1周時(shí)TRS(18.1±4.5)%、TCS(-7.4±1.5)%均減低(均P<0.05),TLS無明顯變化,術(shù)后1個(gè)月時(shí)TRS(10.4±3.5)%明顯減低,TLS(-13.9±2.5)%明顯增高(P<0.05),TCS無明顯變化;與術(shù)后1周比較。與術(shù)前比較,術(shù)后1周時(shí)TCSendo(-12.1±2.2)%明顯減低(P<0.05),而TCSepi、TLSepi、TLSendo無明顯變化,術(shù)后1個(gè)月時(shí)TLSendo(-15.9±2.2)%增高極其明顯(P<0.01),TLSepi(-12.1±2.2)%、TCSendo(-14.5±2.5)%均增高(均P<0.05);術(shù)后1個(gè)月TLSendo(-15.9±2.2)%、TLSepi(-12.1±2.2)%與術(shù)后1周比較明顯增高(P<0.05),TCSepi、TCSendo與術(shù)后1周比較變化不明顯(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 ?瓣膜病患者術(shù)后檢測2D-STI心肌應(yīng)變參數(shù),能對(duì)術(shù)后臨床短期療效進(jìn)行客觀評(píng)價(jià)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 瓣膜置換術(shù);瓣膜病;心肌應(yīng)變
[中圖分類號(hào)] R445.1;R654.2 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號(hào)] 1674-0742(2018)12(c)-0042-03
[Abstract] Objective To study the application value of myocardial strain in evaluating the patients with valvular heart disease after the replacement. Methods 42 cases of patients with valvular heart disease from May 2017 to May 2018 were selected as the observation group, while 30 cases of healthy volunteers in our hospital were convenient selected as the control group, and the patients were for echocardiography before the valve replacement and in 1w and 1 month after surgery, and the left ventricular segmental strain parameters were obtained, and the changes of abnormal segment strain parameters in 1 week and 1 month after surgery were observed. Results The GLSepi, GLSendo, GCSendo , GCSepi before surgery, in 1 week and 1 month after surgery in the valvular heart disease group decreased compared with those in the control group(P<0.05), and the GLSepi scores in different time stages were respectively (-14.5±1.5)%, (-8.7±1.2)%, (-11.4±2.5)%, and the GLSendo were respectively (-19.9±1.5)%, (-12.1±3.5)%, (-17.6±3.2)%, and the GCSendo were respectively (-25.8±3.5)%, (-17.3±3.5)%, (-19.1±4.3)%, and the GCSepi scores were respectively (-12.2±1.5)%, (-7.5±1.5)%, (-9.3±1.8)%, and the above indicators in 1 w after surgery in the valvular heart disease group decreased compared with that before surgery(P<0.05), and the GCSendo and GCSepi decreased in 1 month after surgery(P<0.05), and the GLSendo and GLSepi obviously increased in 1 month after surgery obviously increased compared with that in 1 w after surgery, but there were no obvious changes in the GCSendo and GCSepi, and the TRS(18.1±4.5)%, TCS(-7.4±1.5)% decreased in 1 w after surgery in the valve group(P<0.05), and TLS had no obvious changes, and TRS obviously decreased in 1 month after surgery (10.4±3.5)%, and TLS (-13.9±2.5) % obviously increased(P<0.05), and TCS had no obvious change, and the TCSendo(-12.1±2.2) % obviously decreased in 1 week after surgery compared with that before surgery(P<0.05), but there were no obvious changes in the TCSepi, TLSepi, TLSendo, and the TLSendo(-15.9±2.2) % obviously increased in 1 month after surgery(P<0.01), and TLSepi(-12.1±2.2) %, TCSendo(-14.5±2.5) % increased(P<0.05), and the TLSendo(-15.9±2.2)%, TLSepi(-12.1±2.2) % obviously increased in 1 month obviously increased compared with those in 1 week after surgery(P<0.05), and the changes of TCSepi, TCSendo were not obvious compared with those in 1 week after surgery(P>0.05). Conclusion The postoperative test of 2D-STI myocardial strain parameters in patients with valvular heart disease can conduct the objective evaluation of postoperative clinical short-term curative effect.
[Key words] Valve replacement; Valvular disease; Myocardial strain
心臟瓣瓣膜病在臨床上較為常見,全球每年約有50 000人死于心臟瓣膜病,其可導(dǎo)致心功能減低和心肌受損,導(dǎo)致血流動(dòng)力學(xué)紊亂。臨床治療主要采取瓣膜置換術(shù)[1]。超聲心動(dòng)圖是一種無創(chuàng)檢測方法,用于對(duì)置換術(shù)后人工瓣的評(píng)價(jià),但如何客觀準(zhǔn)確地評(píng)價(jià)手術(shù)對(duì)患者心功能的影響一直是臨床的難題。該研究中,于2017年5月—2018年5月期間應(yīng)用二維斑點(diǎn)追蹤成像(2D-STI)技術(shù)獲取對(duì)42例瓣膜病患者左室整體、節(jié)段及分層應(yīng)變參數(shù),探討在瓣膜置換術(shù)后短期療效評(píng)價(jià)中應(yīng)用心肌應(yīng)變中的臨床價(jià)值,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 ?資料與方法
1.1 ?一般資料
便利選取42例瓣膜病患者,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①經(jīng)超聲心動(dòng)圖檢查確診;②無其他器質(zhì)性心臟疾患;③NYHA分級(jí)均在Ⅱ級(jí)以上;④患者均知情同意,并經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。42例中,女25例,男17例,年齡20~72歲,平均(53.6±5.8)歲,患者均行瓣膜置換手術(shù)。另選取30名健康志愿者作為對(duì)照組,女18名,男12名,年齡21~71歲,平均(53.8±4.5)歲。既往無心臟病史,均經(jīng)胸片、體格檢查、心電圖等檢查排除各種心肺疾病。性別、年齡等資料上,兩組瓣膜病患者比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 ?方法
采用GE Vivid E9彩色多普勒超生診斷儀,頻率1.7~3.3 MHz,探頭M5s?;颊呔谐曅膭?dòng)圖檢查,時(shí)間為瓣膜置換術(shù)前、術(shù)后1周、術(shù)后1個(gè)月?;颊呷∽髠?cè)臥位,平靜呼吸,常規(guī)測量記錄左室心尖長軸觀、心尖兩腔觀、心尖水平短軸觀、心尖四腔觀、乳頭肌水平短軸觀、左室二尖瓣水平短軸觀圖像,以上圖像均在5個(gè)連續(xù)心動(dòng)周期下采集。
1.3 ?圖像分析
圖像分析應(yīng)用Q-analysis的2DS軟件模塊。將測量菜單打開下一步進(jìn)入應(yīng)變分析模式,分別于心尖四腔觀、心尖長軸觀、心尖兩腔觀選取3個(gè)點(diǎn)的心內(nèi)膜,軟件自動(dòng)生成感興趣區(qū)(ROC),將心肌自動(dòng)分為心內(nèi)膜外下心肌、中層心肌及心內(nèi)膜下心肌3層,生成應(yīng)變曲線,并給出追蹤結(jié)果,自動(dòng)分析上述采集的圖像,獲取左室16節(jié)段心外膜下心肌節(jié)段縱應(yīng)變(TLSepi)、心內(nèi)膜下心肌節(jié)段縱向應(yīng)變(TLSendo)及中層心肌節(jié)段縱向應(yīng)變(TLSmid),及以上3層心肌整體縱向應(yīng)變(GLSepi、GLSmid、GLSendo)。以及心外下心肌節(jié)段環(huán)向應(yīng)變(TCSepi)、心內(nèi)膜下心肌節(jié)段環(huán)向應(yīng)變(TCSendo)及中層心肌節(jié)段環(huán)向應(yīng)變(TCSmid),以及以上3層心肌整體環(huán)向應(yīng)變(GCSepi、GCSmid、GCSendo)。運(yùn)動(dòng)功能異常節(jié)段:縱向應(yīng)變≥-20%。取左室運(yùn)動(dòng)異常節(jié)段TCSendo、TCSmid、TCSepi的均值及TLSendo、TLSmid、TLSepi的均值計(jì)算運(yùn)動(dòng)異常節(jié)段的節(jié)段環(huán)向應(yīng)變(TCS)和節(jié)段縱向應(yīng)變(TLS)。
1.4 ?統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
采取SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件分析及處理數(shù)據(jù),以(x±s)表示計(jì)量資料,進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 ?結(jié)果
2.1 ?左室分層應(yīng)變參數(shù)對(duì)比
與對(duì)照組比較,瓣膜病組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)后1周、術(shù)后1個(gè)月,GLSepi、GLSendo、GCSendo 及GCSepi均減低(P<0.05);與術(shù)前比較,瓣膜病組患者術(shù)后1周時(shí)上述指標(biāo)均減低(P<0.05),術(shù)后1個(gè)月時(shí)GCSendo 和GCSepi減低(P<0.05);與術(shù)后1周比較,術(shù)后1個(gè)月時(shí)GLSendo 和GLSepi明顯增高(P<0.05),而GCSendo 和GCSepi無明顯變化,見表1。
2.2 ?異常節(jié)段應(yīng)變參數(shù)比較
瓣膜組術(shù)前、術(shù)后1周、術(shù)后1個(gè)月運(yùn)動(dòng)功能異常的節(jié)段數(shù)分別為138個(gè)、285個(gè)、185個(gè)。相比于術(shù)前,瓣膜組患者術(shù)后1周時(shí)TRS、TCS均減低(P<0.05),TLS無明顯變化,術(shù)后1個(gè)月時(shí)TRS減低,TLS增高(P<0.05),TCS與術(shù)前比較變化不明顯;與術(shù)后1周比較,術(shù)后1個(gè)月時(shí)TRS減低,TLS增高(均P<0.05),TCS與術(shù)后1周比較變化不明顯。與術(shù)前比較,術(shù)后1周時(shí)TCSendo減低(P<0.05),而TCSepi、TLSepi、TLSendo與術(shù)前比較無明顯變化,術(shù)后1個(gè)月時(shí)TLSendo增高極其明顯(P<0.01),TLSepi、TCSendo均增高(P<0.05);術(shù)后一個(gè)月TLSendo、TLSepi與術(shù)后1周比較明顯增高(均P<0.05),TCSepi、TCSendo與術(shù)后1周比較變化不明顯(P>0.05)。見表2。
3 ?討論
瓣膜病在我國較為常見,臨床多見主動(dòng)瓣和二尖瓣病變。瓣環(huán)增厚或鈣化為老年性病變,主動(dòng)脈瓣增厚伴交界處融合為風(fēng)濕性[2-3]。臨床治療以瓣膜置換手術(shù)為主?;颊咝g(shù)后心功能的恢復(fù)是評(píng)價(jià)療效的重要指導(dǎo),心肌收縮功能檢測,對(duì)于評(píng)估預(yù)后具有重要意義。常規(guī)超聲心動(dòng)圖在進(jìn)行心臟收縮功能評(píng)定時(shí),多采用雙平面法,近場顯示不清;加上二尖瓣狹窄患者左心室前負(fù)荷減少,瓣口血流受組,明顯擴(kuò)大的左心房對(duì)左心室的擠壓而失去正常形態(tài),故常規(guī)測量LVEF和短軸縮短率評(píng)價(jià)瓣膜患者左心室功能存在一定誤差[4-6]。2D-STI技術(shù)相對(duì)不受心臟擺動(dòng)的影響,能精確反映局部心肌舒張及收縮活動(dòng)的發(fā)生,時(shí)間、空間分辨率高,可分析縱向、徑向和環(huán)向方向上心肌運(yùn)動(dòng)速度及形變,通過處理軟件能測量自動(dòng)定量應(yīng)變,生成應(yīng)變曲線,自動(dòng)得出心肌各節(jié)段的應(yīng)變牛眼圖,在牛眼圖上應(yīng)變的正值與負(fù)值以不同的顏色表示,色彩由藍(lán)到紅提示應(yīng)變由正值轉(zhuǎn)為負(fù)值,這有助于對(duì)局部異常心肌節(jié)段的觀察[7]。
該研究顯示,與對(duì)照組比較,瓣膜組左室分層應(yīng)變參數(shù)均存在異常,但心臟血流動(dòng)力學(xué)隨著術(shù)后壓力負(fù)荷及容量負(fù)荷得以改善而出現(xiàn)好轉(zhuǎn),使各項(xiàng)參數(shù)逐漸好轉(zhuǎn)。左室壁由心外膜下斜行走行、中層環(huán)向走行和心內(nèi)膜下縱向走行3層心肌構(gòu)成,由于受到瓣膜病長期腔室負(fù)荷及血流動(dòng)力學(xué)紊亂的直接影響,使心內(nèi)膜層心肌受累程度較重,而心外膜層受到的影響相對(duì)較輕。該研究結(jié)果顯示,術(shù)后1個(gè)月運(yùn)動(dòng)功能異常節(jié)段的環(huán)向及縱向分層應(yīng)變均有所改善,其中縱向應(yīng)變改善幅度更大(P<0.05)。術(shù)后1個(gè)月心肌相應(yīng)層面應(yīng)變參數(shù)(心外膜層和心內(nèi)膜層節(jié)段)均有所改善,而心內(nèi)膜層改善更明顯,提示心內(nèi)膜層在心肌運(yùn)動(dòng)功能的改善上,更早于心外膜層,其心肌運(yùn)動(dòng)功能的恢復(fù)要更早。同時(shí)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),術(shù)后1個(gè)月心肌受損節(jié)段的縱向應(yīng)變明顯優(yōu)于術(shù)前(P<0.05),而術(shù)后1個(gè)月時(shí)心內(nèi)膜下心肌節(jié)段縱向應(yīng)變?yōu)椋?15.9±2.2)%,與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道的心內(nèi)膜下心肌節(jié)段縱向應(yīng)變數(shù)據(jù)(-15.8±1.8)%一致[8],且與該文中術(shù)前比較增高極其明顯(P<0.01),而心外膜下心肌節(jié)段縱應(yīng)變?yōu)椋?12.1±2.2)%,與術(shù)前比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示,相比于心外膜層心肌,心內(nèi)膜層受損節(jié)段的縱向應(yīng)變恢復(fù)更快更早;心內(nèi)膜層環(huán)向應(yīng)變術(shù)后1個(gè)月時(shí),與術(shù)前比較變化不大,且與心外膜層環(huán)向應(yīng)變比較差異不明顯,提示,左室心肌縱向運(yùn)動(dòng)功能與患者心功能及臨床癥狀、體征的改善關(guān)系更為密切,在對(duì)心肌受損的評(píng)價(jià)上,縱向應(yīng)變較環(huán)向應(yīng)變更加敏感。該研究中,術(shù)后1個(gè)月心功能較術(shù)前1周有所改善,但未恢復(fù)至術(shù)前,至于何時(shí)能恢復(fù)至正常水平仍需進(jìn)一步觀察。
綜上所述,瓣膜病患者術(shù)后檢測2D-STI心肌應(yīng)變參數(shù),能對(duì)術(shù)后臨床短期療效進(jìn)行客觀評(píng)價(jià),具有臨床推廣價(jià)值。
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(收稿日期:2018-09-22)