張乃祿 李清馨 劉峰 王偉 趙太
摘 要: 油井動(dòng)液面是反映地層供液能力的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo),實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)油井動(dòng)液面對(duì)提高油井產(chǎn)液量和抽油效率具有重要作用。針對(duì)動(dòng)液面監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)采集和組網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸,提出了一種基于WiFi的油井動(dòng)液面監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)由井口檢測(cè)裝置、RTU和動(dòng)液面監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái)三部分構(gòu)成。基于WiFi的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)計(jì),井口檢測(cè)裝置定時(shí)采集并上傳液面數(shù)據(jù),RTU與監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái)接收、解析數(shù)據(jù),并實(shí)時(shí)計(jì)算動(dòng)液面值。同時(shí),支持油井液面數(shù)據(jù)手機(jī)APP實(shí)時(shí)查閱,實(shí)現(xiàn)多井或叢式井場(chǎng)油井動(dòng)液面實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè),在數(shù)字化與智慧化油田建設(shè)中有典型的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
關(guān)鍵詞: 動(dòng)液面; 井口檢測(cè)裝置; WiFi; RTU; 數(shù)據(jù)傳輸; 監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào): TN931+.3?34; TE33+1; TP277 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼: A 文章編號(hào): 1004?373X(2018)12?0092?03
Abstract: The dynamic fluid level of the oil well is an important index of reflecting the fluid supply ability of earth layer. Real?time and dynamic monitoring for the dynamic fluid level of the oil well plays an important role in improving the fluid production quantity and pumping efficiency of oil wells. On the basis of dynamic fluid level monitoring data acquisition and networking data transmission, a WiFi?based dynamic fluid level monitoring system for oil wells is proposed. The system is composed of the wellhead detection device, RTU, and dynamic fluid level monitoring platform. On the basis of WiFi?based design of data transmission network, the wellhead detection device regularly collects and uploads fluid level data, and the RTU and monitoring platform receives and parses data to calculate the values of dynamic fluid levels in real time. Meanwhile, real?time query and view for fluid level data of oil wells on the mobile phone app is supported to realize real?time and dynamic monitoring for dynamic fluid levels of multiple wells or cluster wells. The monitoring system has a typical application value in the construction of digitalized and intelligentized oil fields.
Keywords: dynamic fluid level; wellhead detection device; WiFi; RTU; data transmission; monitoring system
油井動(dòng)液面是反映地層供液能力的一個(gè)重要指標(biāo),其變化影響油井產(chǎn)液量和抽油效率,實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)油井動(dòng)液面是油田確定抽油泵的最佳沉沒(méi)度、制定合理的間抽周期重要依據(jù)[1]。目前,多數(shù)油田采用人工離線模式液面監(jiān)測(cè)對(duì)在線實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)液面監(jiān)測(cè)多采用GPRS或有線RS 485模式,針對(duì)多井或叢式井場(chǎng),本文提出一種基于WiFi油井動(dòng)液面監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)由井口檢測(cè)裝置、RTU和動(dòng)液面監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái)構(gòu)成[2?3],井口檢測(cè)裝置定時(shí)采集與數(shù)據(jù)處理,對(duì)WiFi模塊進(jìn)行液面數(shù)據(jù)傳輸,并通過(guò)RTU組建WiFi通信網(wǎng)絡(luò),建立Socket連接,完成液面數(shù)據(jù)在檢測(cè)裝置和監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái)間的雙向傳輸,最終實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)井口液面值的實(shí)時(shí)可靠監(jiān)測(cè),在油田生產(chǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)領(lǐng)域具有典型應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
1 動(dòng)液面監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)
基于WiFi的油井動(dòng)液面監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)由井口檢測(cè)裝置、RTU和動(dòng)液面監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái)三部分構(gòu)成,系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成圖如圖1所示。
井口檢測(cè)裝置由液面測(cè)量模塊與WiFi通信模塊組成,定時(shí)采集并上傳液面數(shù)據(jù)[4?5]。RTU搭建監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò),實(shí)時(shí)高速傳輸液面數(shù)據(jù)[6]。動(dòng)液面監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái)包括服務(wù)器、監(jiān)測(cè)主機(jī)(安裝SQL Server數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù))及手機(jī)等智能電子設(shè)備三部分。服務(wù)器選用浪潮英信服務(wù)器NF5486M5存儲(chǔ)動(dòng)液面數(shù)據(jù)值,并為監(jiān)測(cè)主機(jī)及手機(jī)查詢(xún)液面信息時(shí)提供數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源。監(jiān)測(cè)主機(jī)選用聯(lián)想T900d,將接收到的液面加密數(shù)據(jù)包,根據(jù)接口協(xié)議,解析運(yùn)算,得出現(xiàn)場(chǎng)動(dòng)液面數(shù)據(jù)的實(shí)際深度值。一方面,監(jiān)測(cè)主機(jī)將數(shù)據(jù)回傳至井口檢測(cè)裝置,供現(xiàn)場(chǎng)數(shù)據(jù)查看;另一方面將數(shù)據(jù)保存在SQL Server數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),便于工作人員對(duì)液面數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行查詢(xún)與分析,從而為制定合理采油方案提供依據(jù)。油田現(xiàn)場(chǎng)通過(guò)手機(jī)登錄液面監(jiān)測(cè)APP,實(shí)時(shí)查閱油井?dāng)?shù)據(jù)信息,使液面動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)更加便捷[7]。
2 動(dòng)液面監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)硬件設(shè)計(jì)
2.1 井口檢測(cè)裝置設(shè)計(jì)
井口檢測(cè)裝置利用回聲法,通過(guò)油管和套管之間的環(huán)形空的回波信號(hào)獲得動(dòng)液面深度值[8]。井口檢測(cè)裝置采用ARM?STM32F103RET6對(duì)動(dòng)液面波形和壓力數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行采集與數(shù)據(jù)封包處理[9];采用WiFi通信模塊E103?W01進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)無(wú)線傳輸。井口檢測(cè)裝置硬件設(shè)計(jì)如圖2所示。
當(dāng)定時(shí)采樣時(shí)刻到來(lái)時(shí),聲波及壓力采集模塊采集動(dòng)液面波形數(shù)據(jù),ARM將A/D轉(zhuǎn)換后的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行封包處理,并通過(guò)串行通信接口模塊送至E103?W01完成數(shù)據(jù)包加密,最終動(dòng)液面數(shù)據(jù)包以WiFi方式上傳至RTU中。
ARM與E103?W01接口電路設(shè)計(jì)如圖3所示,基于Uart接口,根據(jù)IEEE 802.11b/g/n協(xié)議將ARM處理后數(shù)據(jù)包以無(wú)線數(shù)據(jù)方式發(fā)出。
2.2 RTU設(shè)計(jì)
RTU采用ARM?S3C4510B01作為組網(wǎng)控制器,內(nèi)置無(wú)線網(wǎng)絡(luò)IEEE 802.11協(xié)議棧以及TCP/IP協(xié)議棧,搭建WiFi無(wú)線通信網(wǎng)絡(luò),提供入網(wǎng)的AP接入點(diǎn)[10],接收并處理井口檢測(cè)裝置上傳的無(wú)線數(shù)據(jù),根據(jù)TCP/IP協(xié)議將數(shù)據(jù)通過(guò)以太網(wǎng)上傳至動(dòng)液面監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái),完成液面數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。RTU硬件組成如圖4所示。
3 動(dòng)液面監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)軟件設(shè)計(jì)
3.1 動(dòng)液面監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)軟件組成
動(dòng)液面監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)軟件由數(shù)據(jù)采集與通信程序和數(shù)據(jù)解密與液面計(jì)算程序兩部分組成,如圖5所示。數(shù)據(jù)采集與通信程序包含液面數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)加密處理和WiFi通信傳輸。數(shù)據(jù)解密與液面計(jì)算程序包含數(shù)據(jù)解密處理、液面深度計(jì)算和數(shù)據(jù)信息存儲(chǔ)。
3.2 數(shù)據(jù)采集與通信程序設(shè)計(jì)
將定時(shí)采集的動(dòng)液面波形數(shù)據(jù),經(jīng)模/數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換、數(shù)據(jù)封包、加密處理后,檢測(cè)周?chē)山尤氲腤iFi網(wǎng)絡(luò),搜索到設(shè)定AP接入點(diǎn),成功組網(wǎng)。根據(jù)RTU自動(dòng)分配的IP地址和端口,建立Socket連接,基于TCP/IP協(xié)議,由以太網(wǎng)口發(fā)出數(shù)據(jù)包至動(dòng)液面監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái)。數(shù)據(jù)采集與通信程序軟件流程如圖6所示。
3.3 數(shù)據(jù)解析與液面計(jì)算程序設(shè)計(jì)
RTU與監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái)服務(wù)器成功建立應(yīng)答連接后,加密數(shù)據(jù)包經(jīng)解析、計(jì)算處理,最終得到動(dòng)液面深度值與套壓值。將實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù)分類(lèi)存儲(chǔ)至SQL Server數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),以便工作人員通過(guò)登錄IE瀏覽器或手機(jī)液面監(jiān)測(cè)APP在線獲取油井液面動(dòng)態(tài)信息。液面數(shù)據(jù)解析與計(jì)算軟件流程如圖7所示。
4 結(jié) 論
本文基于油田多井或叢式井場(chǎng)動(dòng)液面監(jiān)測(cè)與組網(wǎng)數(shù)據(jù)傳輸,提出了一種基于WiFi的油井動(dòng)液面監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)基于WiFi設(shè)計(jì)動(dòng)液面數(shù)據(jù)傳輸網(wǎng)絡(luò),井口檢測(cè)裝置定時(shí)采集、上傳液面數(shù)據(jù),RTU與監(jiān)測(cè)平臺(tái)實(shí)時(shí)接收、解析、計(jì)算動(dòng)液面數(shù)據(jù),手機(jī)APP實(shí)時(shí)查閱液面數(shù)據(jù),實(shí)現(xiàn)油井動(dòng)液面實(shí)時(shí)動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè),在數(shù)字化與智慧化油田建設(shè)中有典型的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
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