劉寧
[摘要] 目的 探討早期腹腔鏡手術(shù)聯(lián)合內(nèi)鏡鼻膽(胰)引流治療重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)患者效果及術(shù)后中、遠(yuǎn)期隨訪結(jié)果。方法 回顧性分析2011年2月~2014年5月武漢科技大學(xué)附屬孝感醫(yī)院SAP患者74例,根據(jù)不同術(shù)式分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組,各37例。對(duì)照組施行腹腔鏡手術(shù)治療,實(shí)驗(yàn)組施行腹腔鏡手術(shù)+內(nèi)鏡鼻膽(胰)引流治療。對(duì)比兩組手術(shù)效果、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率、術(shù)前及術(shù)后32 d血清淀粉酶及炎性因子[腫瘤壞死因子(TNF)-α、白介素(IL)-6、C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)、IL-8]變化情況,隨訪3年,統(tǒng)計(jì)兩組病死率。 結(jié)果 ①血清淀粉酶:術(shù)前兩組血清淀粉酶水平比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),術(shù)后32 d兩組血清淀粉酶水平較術(shù)前明顯下降,且實(shí)驗(yàn)組明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01);②手術(shù)效果:實(shí)驗(yàn)組手術(shù)總有效率(89.19%)明顯高于對(duì)照組(67.57%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);③術(shù)后并發(fā)癥:實(shí)驗(yàn)組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率(10.81%)明顯低于對(duì)照組(29.73%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05);④血清炎性因子:術(shù)后32 d兩組血清炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6、CRP、IL-8水平均顯著低于術(shù)前(P < 0.01),且實(shí)驗(yàn)組血清炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6、CRP、IL-8水平顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01);⑤術(shù)后病死率:兩組術(shù)后1年病死率比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),實(shí)驗(yàn)組術(shù)后3年病死率(10.81%)低于對(duì)照組(29.73%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 聯(lián)合采用早期腹腔鏡手術(shù)、內(nèi)鏡鼻膽(胰)管引流術(shù)治療SAP,可顯著降低患者血清淀粉酶、炎性因子TNF-α、IL-6、CRP、IL-8水平,有效減少術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率及病死率,進(jìn)一步提高手術(shù)效果。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 重癥急性胰腺炎;腹腔鏡手術(shù);內(nèi)鏡鼻膽(胰)引流
[中圖分類號(hào)] R657.51 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2018)02(a)-0077-05
Effect of early laparoscopic surgery combined with endoscopic nassl biliary (pancreatic) drainage in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis patients
LIU Ning
The First Department of General Surgery, Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province, Xiaogan 432000, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of early laparoscopic surgery combined with endoscopic naso biliary (pancreatic) drainage in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis and the postoperative follow-up results of mid term and long term. Methods Seventy-four patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) from February 2011 to May 2014 in Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology were retrospectively analyzed and divided into experimental group and control group according to different surgical procedures, with 37 cases in each group. The control group received laparoscopic surgery, and the experimental group received laparoscopic surgery combined with endoscopic nasal biliary (pancreatic) drainage. The surgical results, postoperative complication rate, the changes of preoperative and postoperative 32 d of serum amylase and inflammatory factor [tumor necrosis factor (TNF) -α, interleukin (IL)-6, C reactive protein (CRP), IL-8] of the two groups were compared. Followed-up for three years, the mortality rates of both groups were counted. Results ①Serum amylase: there was no significant difference in serum amylase level between the two groups (P > 0.05), the levels of serum amylase in the two groups were significantly lower than that before surgery, the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group, and the difference was highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). ②Operation effect: the total effective rate in the experimental group (89.19%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (67.57%), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). ③Postoperative complications: the incidence of postoperative complication rate in the experimental group (10.81%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (29.73%), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). ④Serum inflammatory factors: the levels of serum inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, CRP and IL-8 were significantly lower than those before operation (P < 0.01). The levels of TNF-α, IL-6, CRP and IL-8 in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group, the differences were highly statistically significant (P < 0.01). ⑤Postoperative fatality rate: there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in 1 year after surgery (P > 0.05). The mortality rate of the experimental group (10.81%) was lower than that of the control group (29.73%), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion Early laparoscopic surgery combined with endoscopic nasal biliary (pancreatic) drainage for the treatment of SAP can significantly reduce serum amylase, the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, CRP and IL-8, and can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative complication rate and fatality rate and further improve the operation effect.
[Key words] Severe acute pancreatitis; Laparoscopic surgery; Endoscopic nasal biliary (pancreatic) drainage
重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)為臨床常見(jiàn)急腹癥,是由全身炎癥綜合征引發(fā)的特殊類型急性胰腺炎,臨床主要表現(xiàn)為腹痛、黃疸、高熱、呼吸異常、神志改變,嚴(yán)重者甚至休克,病情險(xiǎn)惡,并發(fā)癥多,病死率極高,占急性胰腺炎患病人數(shù)的10%~20%,嚴(yán)重威脅患者生命安全[1-2]。因此,積極采取療效確切、安全性高的治療方案對(duì)降低SAP患者病死率、改善生活質(zhì)量具有重要意義。目前,臨床在SAP早期治療策略上存在一定爭(zhēng)議,多數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)為急性反應(yīng)期采用復(fù)雜手術(shù)或非手術(shù)治療,均對(duì)患者整體狀況不利[3-4]。以往臨床治療SAP多采用傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)腹手術(shù)治療,雖可取得一定效果,但術(shù)后易出現(xiàn)切口感染、腸瘺、胰瘺及切口疝等多種并發(fā)癥,且手術(shù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),患者耐受力不佳,手術(shù)效果并不理想[5-6]。近年來(lái),隨著微創(chuàng)技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,SAP治療有了更多選擇,如內(nèi)鏡、腹腔鏡下引流術(shù)等,但有學(xué)者提出,單一治療方案易導(dǎo)致術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率及復(fù)發(fā)率升高,影響手術(shù)效果[7]。本研究為進(jìn)一步提高手術(shù)效果,選取74例SAP患者,分組探討早期腹腔鏡手術(shù)聯(lián)合內(nèi)鏡鼻膽(胰)引流治療SAP患者效果?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下:
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
回顧性分析2011年2月~2014年5月武漢科技大學(xué)附屬孝感醫(yī)院(以下簡(jiǎn)稱“我院”)SAP患者74例,根據(jù)不同術(shù)式分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組,各37例。其中實(shí)驗(yàn)組女20例,男17例;年齡29~77歲,平均(50.92±5.10)歲;發(fā)病至入院時(shí)間3~7 h,平均(4.62±0.31)h。對(duì)照組女21例,男16例;年齡28~78歲,平均(51.15±5.16)歲;發(fā)病至入院時(shí)間2~7 h,平均(4.85±0.37)h。兩組基線資料比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)通過(guò)。
1.2 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
①均符合中華肝膽外科雜志發(fā)布《重癥急性胰腺炎診治草案》[8]中SAP相關(guān)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);②手術(shù)指征明確;③納入研究前未接受相關(guān)手術(shù)治療;④患者或其家屬知情同意并簽署知情同意書(shū)。
1.3 排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
①具有手術(shù)禁忌證;②伴有全身性感染性疾病;③合并惡性腫瘤;④妊娠期、哺乳期女性;⑤合并腎肝功能障礙;⑥存在認(rèn)知障礙或神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)病變,無(wú)法配合本研究手術(shù)及隨訪。
1.4 方法
1.4.1 對(duì)照組 施行腹腔鏡手術(shù)治療,操作如下:氣管插管全麻,采用5孔法建立腹腔鏡下操作環(huán)境,即臍孔置鏡,分別為劍突與臍連線中點(diǎn)、左右髂窩、左右鎖骨中線肋緣下約3 cm位置分別戳孔,以Hasson技術(shù)建立臍下人工氣腹;根據(jù)患者實(shí)際情況切開(kāi)肝胃韌帶,并進(jìn)行胃結(jié)腸韌帶開(kāi)窗、部分胰床松動(dòng)、胰腺被膜切開(kāi)減壓、部分壞死組織清除等術(shù)式;術(shù)中應(yīng)用5000~10 000 mL生理鹽水反復(fù)沖洗腹腔、胰周小網(wǎng)膜囊,沖凈后吸盡生理鹽水,選擇一根引流管經(jīng)文氏孔置入直至小網(wǎng)膜囊內(nèi)、一根引流管自胃結(jié)腸韌帶開(kāi)窗處置入直至胰床下緣、一根引流管置入盆底,均為硅膠引流管;術(shù)后常規(guī)進(jìn)行腹腔沖洗引流,待患者癥狀、體征恢復(fù)正常,腹腔引流管無(wú)液體引出后拔出引流管。
1.4.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)組 施行腹腔鏡手術(shù)+內(nèi)鏡鼻膽(胰)引流治療,腹腔鏡手術(shù)操作同對(duì)照組,內(nèi)鏡鼻膽(胰)引流操作如下:術(shù)前3 d內(nèi)行十二指腸鏡下逆行胰膽管造影,選用多側(cè)孔聚乙烯塑料鼻膽(胰)引流管(Olympus公司,PR-5Z型)進(jìn)行內(nèi)鏡鼻膽(胰)引流治療,每天膽汁胰液引流量為300~900 mL,導(dǎo)管留置7~32 d,術(shù)后定期觀察記錄引流液性質(zhì)及引流量。
1.5 觀察指標(biāo)
1.5.1 血清淀粉酶 兩組術(shù)前、術(shù)后32 d均抽取3 mL肘靜脈血液,常溫下高速離心處理(3000 r/min,10 min),分離血清,并置于-80℃環(huán)境下貯存待測(cè),以速率法測(cè)定血清淀粉酶水平,并嚴(yán)格遵循試劑盒(VITROS公司)操作說(shuō)明書(shū)。
1.5.2 手術(shù)效果 療效評(píng)定:以癥狀基本消失,血清淀粉酶恢復(fù)至正常水平,即<115 U/L為顯效;癥狀有所好轉(zhuǎn),血清淀粉酶明顯下降,且趨于正常水平為有效;未達(dá)到上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)為無(wú)效[9]??傆行?(顯效+有效)/總例數(shù)×100%。
1.5.3 并發(fā)癥 統(tǒng)計(jì)兩組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率,包括胰漏、消化道出血、急性腎功能障礙、急性呼吸窘迫綜合征。
1.5.4 血清炎性因子 兩組術(shù)前、術(shù)后32 d均抽取3 mL肘靜脈血,常溫下高速離心處理(3000 r/min),10 min,分離血清,并置于-80℃環(huán)境下貯存待測(cè),以酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)測(cè)定血清腫瘤壞死因子(TNF)-α、白介素(IL)-6、C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)、IL-8水平,并嚴(yán)格遵循試劑盒(Sekisiui公司)操作說(shuō)明書(shū)。
1.5.5 術(shù)后病死率 隨訪3年,統(tǒng)計(jì)兩組術(shù)后1、3年病死率。
1.6 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 19.0對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用百分率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組手術(shù)前后血清淀粉酶水平比較
術(shù)前兩組血清淀粉酶水平比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。術(shù)后32 d兩組血清淀粉酶水平較術(shù)前明顯下降,且實(shí)驗(yàn)組明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 兩組手術(shù)效果比較
實(shí)驗(yàn)組手術(shù)總有效率(89.19%)明顯高于對(duì)照組(67.57%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。