江西 邱世才
often、always、usually、sometimes、seldom、hardly、never等詞是頻度副詞的主要成員,表示某一動作或某一情況在單位時間內(nèi)發(fā)生的次數(shù)。對這類副詞的考查,已成為中考的主要考點。
always(總是;一直)>usually(通常)>often(常常)>sometimes(有時)>seldom(很少)>hardly(幾乎不;簡直不)>never(從不)
上面是頻度副詞表示動作發(fā)生頻率的大小排序。具體來說:
1.always意為“總是;一直”,在頻度副詞家庭中可是頻率最大或最高的詞,相當于100%,表示動作重復,狀態(tài)繼續(xù),中間從來沒有間斷,沒有例外。例如:
The sun always rises in the east and sets in the west.太陽總是東邊升起西邊落下。
【知識拓展】
always與all the time都有“總是;一直”的意思。always是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的“信息標志詞”,always與現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)結(jié)合,表示經(jīng)常性或反復性的動作,表示說話人的某種感情,如贊揚、批評、厭煩等。all the time是固定短語,表示某個特定階段的開始一直到結(jié)束,不表示頻度,通常放在句末。例如:
①He is always helping us.他總是幫助我們。(表示贊賞)
②You are always giving me trouble.你總是給我添麻煩。(表示厭煩)
③The students listened to the teacher carefully all the time.學生們一直認真聽老師講課。
2.usually意為“通?!保l率僅次于always,相當于most often。指習慣性動作,偶爾有間隔,即很少有例外,其表示的頻率相當于85%左右。例如:
He usually goes to bed at ten o’clock.他通常在10點鐘上床睡覺。
3.often意為“時常;經(jīng)?!保硎緞幼靼l(fā)生的次數(shù)具有經(jīng)常性的特點,中間有間斷,頻率比usually要小,但比sometimes大,表示的頻率約為70%左右。例如:
The boy is often late for school.這名男孩上學經(jīng)常遲到。
4.sometimes意為“有時;偶爾”,表示發(fā)生的頻率較小,動作偶爾發(fā)生,相當于30%的頻率。例如:
Sometimes he does it in this way and sometimes he does it in that way.他有時這樣做,有時那樣做。
【知識拓展】
sometimes表示發(fā)生的頻率較小,表示動作發(fā)生的不經(jīng)常性。對該詞在書寫上要十分小心,若寫成some times則成了“好幾次”,是名詞詞組,相當于several times,常與過去時或完成時態(tài)連用。例如:
I has read this story some times.這個故事我讀過好幾次了。
5.seldom意為“很少”,是否定詞,與often相對,表達的次數(shù)有但很少。例如:
Lin Tao likes traveling.He seldom stays at home during holidays.林濤喜歡旅游,在假期期間他很少待在家里。
6.hardly意為“幾乎不”,常用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)或一般過去時中,常與ever相連表示強調(diào)。hardly ever所表示的頻率僅為10%左右,相當于seldom。例如:
I hardly ever go out these days.這些天我?guī)缀醪怀鲩T。
【知識拓展】
hard用作副詞與hardly的詞義有區(qū)別。hardly是副詞,但不是hard的副詞形式,hard的副詞是本身,意為“努力地”,而hardly相當于一個否定詞,它本身含有否定意義,不應當再加否定詞。例如:
①He works hard.他努力工作。
②He hardly works.他幾乎不工作。
7.never意為“從不;永不”,表示發(fā)生的頻率幾乎為零。通常情況下,句子中用了never,就不再用含有否定意義的not、no、nothing等詞。例如:
My parents are never late for work.我父母上班從來不遲到。
頻度副詞在句子中的位置有著共同的特點:一般放在系動詞be、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞之后,或行為動詞之前,即“行之前,系助后”。例如:
① He always comes to school on time.He’s never late.他總是按時到校,從不遲到。
②I can never forget it.我永遠忘不了這件事。
③I usually go to school by bike,but sometimes I walk there.我通常騎自行車上學,但有時步行。
頻度副詞sometimes可以用于句首、句中或句尾。為了強調(diào),頻度副詞放在句子開頭的情況較多。例如:
④Sometimes I go to bed very late./I sometimes go to bed very late.有時我很晚才睡覺。
⑤I often go to school by bike,but I go to school by bus sometimes.我經(jīng)常騎自行車上學,但有時乘公共汽車去。
never、hardly ever、seldom等表示否定意義的詞(組)位于句首時,句子要用倒裝語序。例如:
Seldom does he go out for dinner.他很少出去吃晚飯。
對表示頻度的時間副詞提問,要用how often(多久一次),以詢問某動作在單位時間內(nèi)所進行某個動作的次數(shù)。例如:
①—How often is your sister late for school?你妹妹上學多久遲到一次?
—Sometimes.有時。
②—How often does Chen Hua watch TV?陳華多久時間去看一次電視?
—Three times a week.一周三次。
【知識拓展】
1.how many times(多少次)是how often的同義短語,但其后面常常跟限定的時間,如how many times a week/a day/a month/a year等,回答時要明確次數(shù)。how many times的答語通常是once、twice、three times等表示具體次數(shù)的詞或短語,此時與how often區(qū)別不太明顯。對具體次數(shù)進行提問時,兩者均可用,但對often、usually、always、sometimes、never等副詞提問時常用how often。例如:
① —How often can you go to the movie?你多久去看去一場電影?
— Once a week/Three times a month.一周一次/一個月三次。
②—How many times a week do you play basketball?你一周打幾次籃球?
—I play basketball twice a week.我一周打兩次籃球。
2.“次數(shù)”的表達方法,除了“一次”once和“兩次”twice的表達式特殊外,其余的“次數(shù)”均由“基數(shù)詞+times”構(gòu)成,如:three times三次,ten times十次。
1.—I heard you made a new family rule“Put away your phone while at home.”
—Yes,we were ___________busy checking our mobile phones before,but now we enjoy communicating with our family.
【2017·東營中考題】
A.always B.never
C.seldom D.sometimes
【答案與解析】A句意:——“我聽說你制訂了一條新家規(guī)“在家時收起手機”?!堑?,我們之前總是忙于查看手機,但是現(xiàn)在我們很喜歡和家人交流。
2.—Would you like some green tea?
—No,thanks.I__________drink green tea.It hurts my stomach.
【2017·南京中考題】
A.almost B.seldom
C.only D.still
【答案與解析】B 根據(jù)答語中的“它傷胃”可推斷,“我很少喝綠茶”,故所缺少的詞語是seldom。
3.We’ll have to say goodbye,my dear friends!But I will___________forget the days we spent together.
【2017·重慶中考題】
A.always B.often
C.never D.usually
【答案與解析】C 句意:我們不得不說再見了,但是我將永遠不會忘記我們在一起的日子。關(guān)鍵詞But表示轉(zhuǎn)折,由此可知此處要的是一個表否定的詞,A、B、D三項均表肯定意義,故選C項。
4.—Joan has made great progress in speaking Chinese.
—She __________works hard at it,you know.
【2017·福建中考題】
A.never B.seldom C.always
【答案與解析】C句意:——瓊在說漢語方面取得了巨大的進步?!阒赖?,她一直在努力學習漢語。never“從不”,seldom“很少”,always“總是”。故選C項。
一、根據(jù)句意,從A、B、C、D四個選項中選擇最佳答案。
1.—Miss Lin is very popular among the students.
—Yes.Her classes are __________lively and interesting.
A.always B.sometimes
C.hardly D.never
2.—Do you __________hold such parties?
—Yes.Every Saturday evening.
A.always B.usually
C.often D.hardly
3.You ___________ever saw computers ten years ago,but now they are everywhere.
A.sometimes B.usually
C.hardly D.almost
4.My cousin wants to keep slim.She does exercise every morning and __________eats meat.
A.seldom B.always
C.usually D.often
5.I___________go to the theater,because I don’t like operas at all.
A.always B.often
C.sometimes D.never
二、情景填詞。
根據(jù)句意,選用always、usually、often、sometimes、seldom、hardly或never填空,每詞只用一次。
6.My brother ___________goes to work by bike,but__________he walks to work.
7.—English is ___________too difficult for me.I can’t learn it well.
—Don’t give up.Nothing is difficult if you work hard.
8.—How __________does Mr.Green go to the cinema?
—___________.I don’t think he likes seeing a film.
9.—Do you often go fishing with your father?
—No, __________.I don’t like fishing at all.
10.Zhou Teng has learned English for many years,but he can __________understand the English speakers.