楊子涵（廣西藝術(shù)學(xué)院，廣西 南寧 530000）

Abstract：As the representative of jiangnan private garden at the time of Ming and qing dynasties, wuxi houchang garden is one of the four major gardens in jiangnan.It has unique aesthetic artistic conception in terms of garden layout, mountain construction, water conservation and landscape construction, and has become a model of garden building art in later ages.From the perspective of garden building techniques,this paper probes into the artistic characteristics of garden building in the garden, and focuses on the analysis of garden building arts of the garden, such as water management, stone preparation and architectural construction.

Key Words：Jichang; Gardening; Artistic features;

1.The history of the Jichang garden

The Jichang garden began in the Fengjing Xingwo of Jiajing six years (1527) in the Ming Dynasty.When the first owner Qin Jinchu was built, the Fenggu Xingwo area was small, only one pier and one pool.The second owner, Qin Yu, repaired the garden with Bai Juyi's "Chishang Pian", and the artistic conception in the park was similar to that of the White Garden.Large-scale reconstruction has established the basic garden pattern of today's Changyuan Park.

Around the 12th year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty (1655),after Qin Yao’s death, the garden was divided into two and re-discovered into four.Later, it was passed to Qin Dezao, and it was merged and sent to Changyuan.After the reconstruction,the gardens were prosperous, and the emperors of Kang and Qian dynasty repeatedly fortunately wrote and wrote the royal pen.

2.The base environment of the garden

At the beginning of the book, ji cheng put forward the idea of "suitable land and proper garden construction"."Phase"is the first step of planning and design, including the basic information of landform, topography and water source of the base site, which affects the spatial construction of its later gardens.

Located at the foot of huishan mountain in the western suburb of wuxi, jiangsu province, the park covers an area of about one hectare.To the south, it is huishan temple, and to the east, it is adjacent to the beijing-hangzhou grand canal.The garden is narrow in east and west, long in north and south,high in the west and low in the east.The landscape of the garden can be said to be "made by people, just like the sky is open".The layout of the garden is suitable for borrowing.

3.Artistic features of the garden building techniques of the garden

1.Garden water management

Before you build a garden, you need water.In the construction of the garden, it is precisely because of water management that the garden wins.The water from the second spring in the world is brought into the "ba Yin gorge" and out of the "feiquan" into the pool.The water surface of the garden center is jinhui ripples, covering an area of about 3 mu, which is combined with the surrounding curving gallery to form the open space of liao yuan in the garden.

The water of the Changyuan Garden originates from Нuishan Spring, due to water.Yu Qingyi was the "second spring in the world"by the Tang Dynasty Lu Yu.The largest water surface in the park is located in the middle of the Sendai Garden, which is named after the beautiful scenery in the park.The pool is long from north to south, and the east and west are narrow.Because the shape of the pool is too long,it is divided and retracted on the plane.The Zhiyuyu on the east bank of Jinhuiyu and the Нebu Beach on the west bank are converging, and the water surface is divided into two waters, north and south.

2.Tushan stone

Нochangyuan is a mountain garden, the benefit of the mountain,the de fi ciency of the mountain.The most wonderful place in the garden is the western Yellowstone great rockery.The huangshi rockery of the garden is located on the west side of the garden, facing the xishan mountain at the beginning and huishan mountain at the end.On the visual perception, the rockery in the western part of the pond is not only integrated with the two hills of tin and hui, but also set off with the pool.

3.Garden architecture

Architecture has two functions in the garden space, one is to point the landscape, the other is to organize the garden space.The garden belongs to a medium-sized villa garden.Tu changqing rated it as "the winner of this garden, the winner of heaven, the winner of heaven, and the winner of success".From this, it can be concluded that the garden is focused on mountains and waters and trees.Jichang garden building in sparse, mainly divided into living quarters and garden area, garden building is located in the garden on the east side, along the pool, from north to south, respectively: JiaShu hall, big rock hill room, green pavilion, seven-star bridge, known as fi sh sill, YuPan veranda, wei xia den, dedicated cabinet pavilions, and at the southern end of the first month in sporadic construction such as MeiTing as a point of view.

4.Create the scene

Jichang to heavy rock cliff as the background, huishan garden rockery made huishan -odd arteries, the pool as a microcosm of heaven and earth, standing stones, hydrophobic spring garden JingYiSheng.The garden entrance of the garden is handled skillfully.Every time qianlong is lucky, he comes to the garden by swaying a boat from huangbu pier.Qianlong left the poem "shuanghe zhou goes back to the forest and back to the forest" in his poem "folding old poems in the garden", expressing the pleasure of boating in the valley.In the northwest corner of jinhui ripples, the outlet of ba Yin gorge makes use of the height difference to form a cascade of water waterfalls.

4.Conclusion

From the above four artistic characteristics of the garden,the garden embodies the elegant and secluded ideas of the literati of the garden's owner, and expresses the artistic conception of the garden's master to appreciate the landscape by constructing mountains and managing water.