許娟 徐海虹 汪旭明 藍(lán)大波
[摘要] 目的 探討重癥監(jiān)護(hù)病房(intensive care unit,ICU)真菌致呼吸機(jī)相關(guān)性肺炎的危險(xiǎn)因素,為預(yù)防呼吸機(jī)相關(guān)性肺部真菌感染的發(fā)生提供客觀依據(jù)。 方法 回顧性分析溫州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬蒼南醫(yī)院和平陽縣人民醫(yī)院ICU近3年來呼吸機(jī)導(dǎo)致相關(guān)性肺炎(ventilator associated pneumonia,VAP)患者99例的臨床資料,分為肺部真菌感染組26例和非真菌感染組73例,比較分析肺部真菌感染的危險(xiǎn)因素,單因素分析采用χ2檢驗(yàn),多因素分析采用Logistic回歸分析。 結(jié)果 年齡(≥60歲)、機(jī)械通氣時(shí)間(≥7 d)、合并糖尿病、住院時(shí)間(≥7 d)、使用糖皮質(zhì)激素、合并細(xì)菌感染、低蛋白血癥(≤35 g/L)、多聯(lián)抗生素的使用和頻繁更換(>2次/周)是導(dǎo)致真菌性呼吸機(jī)相關(guān)性肺炎(Fungal ventilator associated pneumonia,F(xiàn)VAP)的主要危險(xiǎn)因素。其中年齡(≥60歲)、機(jī)械通氣時(shí)間(≥7 d)、住院時(shí)間(≥7 d)、合并細(xì)菌感染、低蛋白血癥(≤35 g/L)、多聯(lián)抗生素的使用是引起FVAP的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。 結(jié)論 真菌性呼吸機(jī)相關(guān)性肺炎(FVAP)患者繼發(fā)真菌感染以白色假絲酵母菌和曲霉菌屬為常見;引起FVAP的危險(xiǎn)因素較為復(fù)雜,臨床應(yīng)加強(qiáng)危險(xiǎn)因素監(jiān)測,同時(shí)要嚴(yán)格無菌操作,盡可能縮短機(jī)械通氣時(shí)間,可有效控制FVAP的發(fā)生。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 呼吸機(jī)相關(guān)性肺炎;肺部;真菌感染;危險(xiǎn)因素
[中圖分類號(hào)] R563.19 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2018)05-0036-04
[Abstract] Objective To explore the risk factors of ventilator-associated pneumonia caused by fungi in ntensive care unit(ICU), and to provide objective evidence for the prevention of ventilator-associated pulmonary fungal infection. Methods The clinical data of 99 cases of ventilator associated pneumonia(VAP) in ICU in Wenzhou Medical University Affiliated Cangnan Hospital and Pingyang People's Hospital were analyzed retrospectively. The patients were divided into pulmonary fungal infection group(n=26) and non-fungal infection group(n=73). The risk factors of pulmonary fungal infection were compared. Univariate analysis was performed by χ2 test. Multivariate analysis was performed by Logistic regression analysis. Results Age(≥60 years old), mechanical ventilation time(≥7 d), combination of diabetes mellitus, hospital stay(≥7 d), the use of glucocorticoids, combination of bacterial infection, hypoproteinemia(≤35 g/L), the use of multiple antibiotics and frequent replacement(>2 times/week) were the major risk factors for fungal ventilator associated pneumonia(FVAP). Among them, the age(≥60 years old), mechanical ventilation time(≥7 d), hospital stay (≥7 d), combination of bacterial infection, hypoproteinemia(≤35 g/L), the use of multiple antibiotics were the independent risk factors of FVAP. Conclusion The Candida albicans and Aspergillus are common in patients with FVAP secondary fungal infections. The risk factors of FVAP are complicated. At the same time the aseptic operation should be strictly performed and the mechanical ventilation time should be shortened as much as possible, which can effectively control the occurrence of FVAP.
[Key words] Ventilator-associated pneumonia; Lung; Fungal infection; Risk factors
隨著機(jī)械通氣治療的實(shí)施,一些呼吸衰竭患者獲得新的生命,但呼吸機(jī)引起的呼吸機(jī)相關(guān)性肺炎(VAP)成為影響患者預(yù)后的嚴(yán)重問題,尤其是呼吸機(jī)使用時(shí)真菌性呼吸機(jī)相關(guān)性肺炎(FVAP)的發(fā)生率呈逐年上升的趨勢(shì)[1,2],也是ICU患者較常見的感染。FVAP具有死亡率高、病情發(fā)展快的特點(diǎn),使其成為重癥患者的首要死亡原因[3-5]。本研究回顧性分析溫州醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬蒼南醫(yī)院和平陽縣人民醫(yī)院2013年1月~2015年12月間入住重癥監(jiān)護(hù)病房(ICU)采用機(jī)械通氣并發(fā)VAP患者99例的臨床資料,為探討呼吸機(jī)相關(guān)性肺部真菌感染的危險(xiǎn)因素和臨床預(yù)防、治療提供參考依據(jù)?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。