朱思富
摘要:初中英語常見的代詞:人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞和不定代詞。
關(guān)鍵詞:英語;代詞;人稱
一、人稱代詞的用法
1、人稱代詞的主格在句子中作主語或主語補語,例如:
John waited a while but at last he went home.
2、人稱代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語或介詞賓語,但在口語中也能作主語補語,第一人稱在省略句中,還可以作主語,例如:
I saw her with them,at least,I thought it was her.
(her做賓語,them做介詞賓語,her做主語補語)
—— Who broke the vase?
二、物主代詞的用法
1、物主代詞既有表示所屬的作用又有指代作用,例如:
John had cut his finger.
物主代詞有形容詞性(my,your等)和名詞性(mine,yours等)兩種,形容詞性的物主代詞屬于限定詞。
2、名詞性物主代詞的句法功能
a. 作主語,例如:
May I use your pen?Yours works better.
b. 作賓語,例如:
I love my motherland as much as you love yours.
c. 作介詞賓語,例如:
Your should interpret what I said in my sense of the word,not in yours.
d. 作主語補語,例如:
The life I have is yours.
三、反身代詞的用法
1)列表
2)做賓語
a. 有些動詞需有反身代詞:cut,enjoy,hurt,help, introduce,behave.
We enjoyed ourselves very much last night.
b. 用于及物動詞+賓語+介詞
I could not dress (myself) up at that time.
3)作表語;同位語
The thing itself is not important.
四、相互代詞的用法
1)相互代詞只有each other和one another兩個詞組。
他們表示句中動詞所敘述的動作或感覺在涉及的各個對象之間是相互存在的, 2)相互代詞的句法功能:
a. 作動詞賓語;
People should love one another.
b. 可作介詞賓語;
Does bark,cocks crow,frogs croak to each other.
c. 相互代詞可加-s構(gòu)成所有格,例如:
The students borrowed each others notes.
五、指示代詞的用法
1)指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞,例如:
單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
限定詞:This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.
代 詞:This is Mary. Those are my teachers.
六、疑問代詞的用法
1)疑問代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用,用來構(gòu)成疑問句。疑問代詞有下列幾個:
指人:who,whom,whose
指物:what 既可指人又可指物:which
2)疑問代詞在句中應(yīng)位于謂語動詞之前,沒有性和數(shù)的變化,除who之外也沒有格的變化。what,which,whose還可作限定詞。試比較:
疑問代詞:Whose are these books on the desk?
限定詞:Whose books are these on the desk?
七、不定代詞的用法
常見的不定代詞有:some, any, something, anything, somebody, anybody, nothing, nobody, someone, anyone, everyone, no one, etc.
1)some, something, somebody的用法。通常用于肯定句中;也可用于表示邀請或請求的句子中,表示希望對方給予肯定回答。
2)any, anything, anybody通常用于否定句或疑問句中;any用在肯定句中表示“任一…”,后面要跟單數(shù)名詞。
注意:形容詞修飾不定代詞,要放在不定代詞之后。
八、代詞的指代問題
1)不定代詞 anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone,someone,everyone,no one,及whoever和person在正式場合使用時,可用he,his,him代替。
Nobody came,did he?
2)動物名詞的指代一般用it或they代替,有時也用he,she,帶有親切的感情色彩。
Give the cat some food. She is hungry.
參考文獻(xiàn):
鐘文琴;;初中英語新課標(biāo)初探[J];考試周刊;2009年01期
(作者單位:湖南省耒陽市實驗中學(xué) 421800)endprint