許開良+程帆+饒婷
[摘要] 目的 術(shù)前短期大劑量應(yīng)用非那雄胺對(duì)經(jīng)尿道前列腺電切術(shù)圍術(shù)期出血情況的影響。 方法 對(duì)2015年6月~2016年12月武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院泌尿外科收治的擬行經(jīng)尿道前列腺等離子電切術(shù)120例患者根據(jù)術(shù)前臨床資料進(jìn)行分組研究,隨機(jī)分為三組:對(duì)照組(未服用任何藥物)、10 mg組(術(shù)前2周每日口服非那雄胺10 mg)、20 mg(術(shù)前2周每日口服非那雄胺20 mg),每組40例。所有患者均由同一術(shù)者實(shí)施手術(shù),分別記錄三組患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、出血指數(shù)、出血強(qiáng)度、術(shù)后沖洗液量、術(shù)后沖洗時(shí)間、術(shù)后國(guó)際前列腺癥狀評(píng)分(IPSS)、術(shù)后最大尿流率以及切除前列腺組織重量,并進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析比較。結(jié)果 所有患者均順利完成手術(shù),三組患者在切除前列腺組織重量、術(shù)后IPSS評(píng)分及術(shù)后最大尿流率等方面,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05);相較于對(duì)照組,10 mg及20 mg兩組在手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、出血指數(shù)、出血強(qiáng)度、術(shù)后沖洗液體量以及術(shù)后沖洗時(shí)間等方面顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。相較于10 mg組,20 mg組在手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中失血量、出血指數(shù)、出血強(qiáng)度、術(shù)后沖洗時(shí)間等方面顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),而在術(shù)后沖洗液量方面,兩組差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。 結(jié)論 術(shù)前短期大劑量口服非那雄胺(20 mg/d)能夠有效減少經(jīng)尿道前列腺電切術(shù)圍術(shù)期出血,縮短手術(shù)時(shí)間、減少術(shù)后膀胱沖洗液量。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 非那雄胺;前列腺增生;經(jīng)尿道前列腺電切術(shù);出血量
[中圖分類號(hào)] R697.32 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2017)12(c)-0072-04
[Abstract] Objective To evaluate the effect of preoperative short-term high-dose application of Finasteride on perioperative bleeding of transurethral resection of prostate. Methods From June 2015 to December 2016, 120 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) treated at Renming Hospital of Wuhan University were selected. According to the preoperative clinical data, the total of 120 patients were randomly divided into three groups and the amount of every group was 40. The 10 mg group and 20 mg group respectively took 10 mg and 20 mg of Finasteride daily for two weeks and the control group did not take any durg before the operation. All the operations were finished by the same surgeon and the results of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, amount of bleeding index, the strength of bleeding, postoperative bladder lavage fluid volume and time, postoperative international prostate symptom score (IPSS), flow rate of the maximum urinary and the weight of removed prostatic tissue should be collected in statistical analysis and comparison. Results All operations were successfully and the three groups of patients had no difference among the aspects of postoperative IPSS, flow rate of the maximum urinary and the weight of removed prostatic tissue (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, both the 10 mg and 20 mg groups had statistically significant differences in the aspects of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, amount of bleeding index, the strength of bleeding, postoperative bladder lavage fluid volume and time (P < 0.05). Compared with 10 mg group, the 20 mg group in the aspects of operation time, intraoperative blood loss, bleeding index, the strength of bleeding and postoperative bladder lavage time decreased significantly with statistical differences (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference between the two groups in the aspect of postoperative bladder lavage fluid volume (P > 0.05). Conclusion The preoperative short-term usage of large doses Finasteride (20 mg/d) can effectively reduce perioperative bleeding, the time of operation and postoperative bladder lavage fluid volume.endprint
[Key words] Finasteride; Benign prostatic hyperplasia; Transurethral resection of prostate; Bleeding volume
良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH)是老年男性常見疾病,且隨著人口老年化加劇,其發(fā)病率逐年升高。目前對(duì)于前列腺增生治療臨床上主要包括藥物(5α-還原酶抑制劑、α受體阻滯劑及植物制劑)及經(jīng)尿道前列腺電切術(shù)(transurethral resection of prostate,TURP)兩種方法,其中對(duì)于中重度BPH藥物治療效果較差,目前主要以TURP手術(shù)治療為主。而術(shù)中、術(shù)后出血作為TURP主要并發(fā)癥在一定程度上限制該手術(shù)廣泛開展[1]。非那雄胺作為一種5α-還原酶抑制劑,常用于前列腺增生保守治療,效果顯著,而對(duì)于非那雄胺對(duì)TURP圍術(shù)期出血的影響,目前尚無(wú)定論[2]。本研究目的是為了探討非那雄胺在術(shù)前短期大劑量運(yùn)用對(duì)TURP圍術(shù)期出血影響。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取自2015年6月~2016年12月武漢大學(xué)人民醫(yī)院泌尿外科收治的擬行經(jīng)尿道前列腺等離子切除術(shù)患者120例,年齡58~82歲,平均69歲。根據(jù)術(shù)前測(cè)定的患者年齡、前列腺體積、術(shù)前最大尿流率、術(shù)前國(guó)際前列腺癥狀評(píng)分(international prostate symptom score,IPSS)[3]、前列腺特異性抗原(prostate specific antigen,PSA)等臨床資料隨機(jī)分為三組:對(duì)照組、10 mg組(非那雄胺10 mg)、20 mg組(非那雄胺20 mg),每組40例患者。三組患者術(shù)前臨床資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。
1.2 納入及排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):經(jīng)藥物保守治療無(wú)效;有明確手術(shù)指征及手術(shù)要求,且無(wú)手術(shù)及藥物禁忌;服用阿司匹林等抗凝藥物或非甾體類藥物停藥2周以上。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):術(shù)前3個(gè)月內(nèi)服用其他性激素類制劑藥物或治療BPH的植物類藥;未得到有效控制的全身性內(nèi)科疾?。话槟δ墚惓5募膊?;伴膀胱結(jié)石、膀胱憩室、神經(jīng)源性膀胱、尿道狹窄;術(shù)后病理報(bào)告為前列腺癌或其他前列腺疾病者。
1.3 方法
10 mg組術(shù)前口服非那雄胺(保列治,杭州默沙東制藥有限公司,5 mg/片)2周,2次/d,每次5 mg;20 mg組術(shù)前口服非那雄胺2周,2次/d,每次10 mg;對(duì)照組術(shù)前不服用任何藥物。術(shù)前均完善三大常規(guī)、生化、PSA、IPSS、經(jīng)直腸前列腺彩超檢查。前列腺的體積按公式π/6×左右徑(cm)×上下徑(cm)×前后徑(cm)計(jì)算。所有患者采用腰-硬聯(lián)合麻醉,由同一醫(yī)生完成等離子電切手術(shù),電切功率150 W,電凝功率80 W,以甘露醇作為灌洗液,術(shù)中徹底電凝止血,切除范圍均達(dá)到前列腺外科包膜,術(shù)后使用膀胱沖洗器沖洗出切除的前列腺組織,稱重并送病理檢查,術(shù)后三組患者均常規(guī)留置F22三腔導(dǎo)尿管,0.9%氯化鈉持續(xù)膀胱沖洗,并根據(jù)沖洗液的顏色調(diào)整沖洗速度(始終保持沖洗液清涼),待肉眼血尿消失后停止膀胱沖洗。術(shù)后囑患者絕對(duì)臥床休息,三組患者術(shù)后均停用抗前列腺增生、抗凝、止血等方面藥物。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo)
記錄每例患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中、術(shù)后沖洗液量、術(shù)后沖洗時(shí)間、切除前列腺組織重量、術(shù)后IPSS評(píng)分以及術(shù)后最大尿流率;分別計(jì)算出術(shù)中出血量(ml)=沖洗液血紅蛋白濃度(g/L)×膀胱沖洗引流液體積(ml)/術(shù)前外周血血紅蛋白濃度(g/L)[4];出血指數(shù)=失血量/切除前列腺組織重量;出血強(qiáng)度=出血量/手術(shù)時(shí)間。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料用率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn);計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗(yàn);以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 三組患者術(shù)前資料比較
三組患者術(shù)前在年齡、前列腺體積、術(shù)前IPSS評(píng)分、術(shù)前PSA、術(shù)前最大尿流率以及術(shù)前血紅蛋白等比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見表1。
2.2 三組患者術(shù)中、術(shù)后資料比較
三組患者在切除前列腺組織重量、術(shù)后IPSS評(píng)分及術(shù)后最大尿流率等方面,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05);相較于對(duì)照組,10 mg及20 mg兩組在手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中出血量、出血指數(shù)、出血強(qiáng)度、術(shù)后沖洗液體量以及術(shù)后沖洗時(shí)間等顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。對(duì)于10 mg、20 mg這兩組的比較,20 mg組相較于10 mg組在手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中失血量、出血指數(shù)、出血強(qiáng)度、術(shù)后沖洗時(shí)間等方面顯著降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),而在術(shù)后沖洗液量方面,兩組差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。見表2。
3 討論
前列腺增生是一種常見于老年男性良性疾病,極大影響患者生活質(zhì)量,嚴(yán)重者還可能導(dǎo)致腎功能損害、繼發(fā)膀胱結(jié)石等并發(fā)癥。目前對(duì)于輕度前列腺增生,可以考慮行藥物保守治療;而對(duì)于中重度前列腺增生,藥物治療一般效果差,目前主要以TURP手術(shù)治療為主[5]。TURP手術(shù)具有創(chuàng)傷少、痛苦少、術(shù)后恢復(fù)快、術(shù)后住院時(shí)間短、并發(fā)癥少、遠(yuǎn)期療效肯定等優(yōu)點(diǎn),目前已成為治療前列腺增生金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6],得到廣泛應(yīng)用。但對(duì)于TURP手術(shù),其主要并發(fā)癥為術(shù)中、術(shù)后出血,出現(xiàn)率高達(dá)12%[7],在一定程度上限制了該術(shù)式開展,因此對(duì)于如何減少術(shù)中、術(shù)后出血方法探討就顯得尤為重要。
對(duì)于前列腺生長(zhǎng),雄激素是重要調(diào)控因素,其通過(guò)與前列腺組織細(xì)胞核上的5α-還原酶相結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)化為雙氫睪酮(dihydrotestosterone,DHT)發(fā)揮作用,Sharif等[8]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)DHT通過(guò)誘導(dǎo)前列腺上皮及基質(zhì)細(xì)胞釋放血管活性物質(zhì),如血管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)前列腺血管生長(zhǎng),提高微血管密度(micro vessel density,MVD),從而促進(jìn)前列腺生長(zhǎng)。endprint
非那雄胺作為一種Ⅱ型5α-還原酶抑制劑,能夠有效地抑制前列腺組織中睪酮轉(zhuǎn)化為雙氫睪酮,從而抑制前列腺組織細(xì)胞增值及分化,促進(jìn)前列腺細(xì)胞凋亡,以達(dá)到治療前列腺增生目的。Amory等[9]研究顯示連續(xù)使用1年非那雄胺(5 mg/d)后,體內(nèi)DHT含量下降73%。目前關(guān)于TURP術(shù)前應(yīng)用非那雄胺研究較多,主要研究方向集中在TURP術(shù)前應(yīng)用是否應(yīng)該常規(guī)應(yīng)用非那雄胺及術(shù)前使用最適劑量及療程。
關(guān)于術(shù)前是否應(yīng)該常規(guī)應(yīng)用非那雄胺,尚存在爭(zhēng)議。Hagerty等[10]首次報(bào)道非那雄胺用于TURP術(shù)前,研究發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于大于30 g的前列腺,術(shù)前應(yīng)用非那雄胺2~4個(gè)月,其TURP出血率僅為8.3%,而對(duì)照組出血率高達(dá)36.8%;Kavanagh等[11]研究結(jié)果顯示非那雄胺通過(guò)抑制睪酮轉(zhuǎn)化為DHT,降低前列腺組織中VEGF及MVD,在使用非那雄胺2周時(shí)前列腺血供明顯減少,在連續(xù)使用3個(gè)月后,前列腺組織萎縮達(dá)30%。Jia等[12]通過(guò)構(gòu)造動(dòng)物模型應(yīng)用非那雄胺分析前列腺血供明顯減少。而Lund等[13]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)術(shù)前服用非那雄胺對(duì)減少TURP出血沒(méi)有幫助。與此同時(shí)Busetto等[14]發(fā)現(xiàn)術(shù)前服用度那雄胺僅能降低體積>50 mL前列腺組織中VEGF及MVD從而減少出血。對(duì)于術(shù)前是否常規(guī)應(yīng)用非那雄胺,目前國(guó)內(nèi)外大多數(shù)學(xué)者認(rèn)為術(shù)前應(yīng)用非那雄胺可有效降低前列腺血供,減少TURP圍術(shù)期出血,而不伴隨明顯并發(fā)癥發(fā)生,應(yīng)常規(guī)術(shù)前應(yīng)用[15-18],與本研究結(jié)論符合。
關(guān)于非那雄胺術(shù)前使用最適療程及劑量,目前尚無(wú)定論。對(duì)于術(shù)前應(yīng)用非那雄胺最適療程探討,目前研究的療程跨度從2周至4個(gè)月,且結(jié)論各異。Alireza等[19]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)術(shù)前口服非那雄胺2~4周僅能通過(guò)減少前列腺血流灌注,進(jìn)一步降低TURP術(shù)中出血,但對(duì)于前列腺組織中MVD、VEGF的含量沒(méi)有影響;Donohue等[20]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)術(shù)前應(yīng)用非那雄胺療程超過(guò)2周相較于2周療程,兩者在降低TURP圍術(shù)期出血方面差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。然而Sandfeldt等[21]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)術(shù)前口服3個(gè)月非那雄胺后,前列腺體積較前縮小,但TURP圍術(shù)期出血量并沒(méi)有減少。對(duì)于RURP術(shù)前口服非那雄胺療程,目前尚無(wú)定論,國(guó)內(nèi)學(xué)者推薦TURP術(shù)前常規(guī)口服2周非那雄胺,以減少圍術(shù)期出血[22-23]。對(duì)于術(shù)前口服非那雄胺最佳劑量探究目前相對(duì)較少,何二寶等[24]將術(shù)前口服非那雄胺5 mg和10 mg對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)兩者在減少圍術(shù)期出血方面無(wú)差別,而本研究結(jié)果顯示20 mg組較10 mg組在手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中失血量、出血指數(shù)、出血強(qiáng)度等方面有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì),以此同時(shí)在性功能障礙等相應(yīng)藥物并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率方面并未見明顯升高,因此TURP術(shù)前常規(guī)推薦20 mg非那雄胺短期沖擊治療,能夠有效減少圍術(shù)期出血,但對(duì)于術(shù)前應(yīng)用非那雄胺最適劑量,還需進(jìn)一步探索。
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(收稿日期:2017-07-12 本文編輯:任 念)endprint