梅海文
作為一位高中英語(yǔ)教師,我不止一次聽(tīng)到基礎(chǔ)薄弱的學(xué)生反饋,高中的詞匯容量大記不住,就算記了也不知道怎么運(yùn)用,語(yǔ)法繁雜更不理解,閱讀的過(guò)程基本也都是靠猜測(cè),寫(xiě)作更無(wú)從下筆。正因?yàn)槿绱耍麄兟厥チ藢?duì)這門(mén)學(xué)科的興趣。我深深感受到幫助基礎(chǔ)薄弱的學(xué)生走好第一步,也就是學(xué)好“萬(wàn)變不離其宗”的簡(jiǎn)單句的重要性。為此,我力爭(zhēng)做到突出針對(duì)性、運(yùn)用賞識(shí)性、發(fā)揮主體性,讓學(xué)生多寫(xiě)、多改、多互評(píng),培養(yǎng)小組合作學(xué)習(xí)詞匯以及激發(fā)學(xué)生創(chuàng)作句子,表達(dá)個(gè)人的思想,取得了較好的成效?,F(xiàn)以人教版高一Module 1 Unit 2“Friendship”的詞匯與簡(jiǎn)單句相互結(jié)合的一節(jié)詞匯教學(xué)課為例,說(shuō)明具體的課堂教學(xué)操作方式。
教學(xué)步驟一:主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞(vi)
讓學(xué)生關(guān)注單詞詞性,小組合作一起找出不及物動(dòng)詞(vi)
calm thunder settle suffer recover pack gossip disagree
教師要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生注意寫(xiě)出的英語(yǔ)句子必須有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ),否則,就不是一個(gè)完整句子,也就是一個(gè)句子至少是主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞(vi)。
1. 根據(jù)學(xué)生的分類(lèi),教師在黑板上板書(shū)示范,與學(xué)生一起思考創(chuàng)作句子,提醒學(xué)生要特別留意不及物動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)或語(yǔ)態(tài)變化。
She calms.
It thunders.
He settled.
You will suffer.
Mary recovered.
They are packing.
We are gossiping.
2. 教師幫助學(xué)生有效得當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用副詞或不定式進(jìn)行修飾不及物動(dòng)詞,增加主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的亮點(diǎn),例如可以給它們加上一個(gè)副詞,這便會(huì)給句子錦上添花。
3. 讓每個(gè)小組成員之間首先獨(dú)立創(chuàng)作句子,然后相互交換閱讀,組長(zhǎng)挑出正確優(yōu)秀的句子向所有同學(xué)示范。
She(quickly)calms.
It(heavily)thunders.
He(finally)settled.
You(certainly)will suffer.
Mary(gradually)recovered.
They are(busily)packing.
We are(secretly)gossiping.
4. 教師給予每小組及時(shí)的反饋和鼓勵(lì)。
教學(xué)步驟二:主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞(vi)+介詞+賓語(yǔ)
1. 學(xué)生如果沒(méi)有搞清楚不及物動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn),便很容易在不及物動(dòng)詞的后面直接加賓語(yǔ)。所以,教師要注意及時(shí)提醒學(xué)生,不及物動(dòng)詞如果要接賓語(yǔ),必須要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。
The doctor(patiently)calmed down patients.
The train(heavily)thundered through the small station.
My brother(eventually)settled in America.
I am(greatly)suffering from a bad cold.
Mike(gradually)recovered from his illness.
I am(busily)packing up my suitcase.
Mary and Lucy are(secretly)gossiping about Peter.
2. 教師引導(dǎo)。介詞的選擇往往是學(xué)生最大的困惑,所以教師要及時(shí)地提醒學(xué)生養(yǎng)成勤查字典的習(xí)慣,多背誦固定的語(yǔ)塊。
教學(xué)步驟三:主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞(vt)+賓語(yǔ)
讓學(xué)生關(guān)注單詞詞性,小組合作一起找出及物動(dòng)詞(vt)
ignore calm concern spellbind settle suffer recover pack tip swap upset
1. 教師引入簡(jiǎn)單句中的第二個(gè)句型,主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞(vt)+賓語(yǔ),也就是及物動(dòng)詞的后面必須加上賓語(yǔ)才構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的句子。
2. 教師在黑板上板書(shū)示范,與學(xué)生一起思考創(chuàng)作句子。
She(frequently)ignores her parents.
I(quickly)calm myself down.
My fathers illness(greatly)concerns us.
Tina(successfully)settled the problem.
The factory(suddenly)suffered severe damage.
She (finally) recovered her consciousness.
He is(busily)packing his books.
We(happily)swap gifts.
The examination(often)upsets him.
教學(xué)步驟四:主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞(vt)+間接賓語(yǔ)(sb)+直接賓語(yǔ)(sth)
并非所有的及物動(dòng)詞都能接雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu),教師首先幫助學(xué)生回憶初中階段所學(xué)的能帶雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞,小組成員之間合作聯(lián)想完成。
1. 教師總結(jié):
(1)需借助to的動(dòng)詞:bring,give,hand,offer,pass,lend,read,return,send,teach,tell,sell,ask,take,rite,show等。endprint
(2)需借助for 的動(dòng)詞:build,buy,call,cook,book,do,draw,find,get,make,play,sing,save,paint,win,prepare等。
2. 教師板書(shū)示范,與學(xué)生一起思考創(chuàng)作句子。
I(secretly)tipped the waitress 50 yuan.
=I(secretly)tipped 50 yuan for the waitress.
He(eventually)returned me the suitcase.
= He(eventually)returned the suitcase to me.
I(sincerely)gave the teenagers some tips.
=I(sincerely)gave some tips to the teenagers.
She(carefully)chose me the curtains.
=She(carefully)chose curtains for me.
3. 教師要注意引導(dǎo)學(xué)生,掌握雙賓語(yǔ)的重點(diǎn)在于它們的位置相互之間可以互換,但是需要借助不同的介詞。
教學(xué)步驟五:主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞(vt)+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)
并非所有的及物動(dòng)詞都能接賓補(bǔ)語(yǔ),教師首先幫助學(xué)生回憶初中階段所學(xué)的能帶賓補(bǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞,小組成員之間合作聯(lián)想完成,最后教師總結(jié)。
call,name,paint,drive,think,
consider,find
1. 讓學(xué)生關(guān)注單詞詞性,小組合作一起找出形容詞(adj)
upset calm loose Jewish German powerful dusty lonely tired grateful
2. 教師在黑板上板書(shū)示范,與學(xué)生一起思考創(chuàng)作句子。
They consider me/ German.
I find my mother /upset.
I think him /powerful.
Mary supposes the window/dusty.
The examination makes me /tired.
3. 教師引導(dǎo)提醒學(xué)生雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)與賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)之間的不同點(diǎn),也就是賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)語(yǔ)之間的位置不能互換,能作賓補(bǔ)的詞往往是名詞,形容詞和非謂語(yǔ),也就是“名、形、非謂來(lái)補(bǔ)賓”。
教學(xué)步驟六:主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞(link verb)+表語(yǔ)
1. 教師首先幫助學(xué)生回憶初中階段所學(xué)的連系動(dòng)詞,小組成員之間合作聯(lián)想完成,最后教師總結(jié),展示常見(jiàn)連系動(dòng)詞記憶口訣。
2. 掌握主系表結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)鍵在于懂得辨認(rèn)連系動(dòng)詞,它的后面往往帶的表語(yǔ)是形容詞,同時(shí)需要提醒學(xué)生還有其他形式。
3. 讓學(xué)生關(guān)注單詞詞性,小組合作一起找出形容詞 (adj)
upset calm loose Jewish German powerful dusty lonely tired grateful
4. 教師在黑板上板書(shū)示范,與學(xué)生一起思考創(chuàng)作句子。
My mother feels upset.
She stays calm.
The dogs rope gets loose.
He is Jewish.
They are Germans.
The window seems dusty.
I become(extremely)tired.
They appear powerful.
I am grateful.
5. 教師幫助學(xué)生有效得當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用副詞修飾形容詞,往往會(huì)有意想不到的效果。
My mother feels (very)upset.
She stays (pretty)calm.
The dogs rope gets (entirely)loose.
The window seems (rather)dusty.
I become (extremely)tired.
They appear (quite)powerful.
I am (really)grateful.
教學(xué)步驟七:簡(jiǎn)單句綜合語(yǔ)篇運(yùn)用
1. 讓學(xué)生利用所學(xué)的簡(jiǎn)單句,小組之間完成下面的語(yǔ)篇,由小組展示答案以及分析,最后教師做出反饋和評(píng)價(jià)。
2. 讓學(xué)生大聲朗讀完成的語(yǔ)篇。
3. 教師再次幫助學(xué)生回顧和總結(jié)課堂所學(xué)的詞匯和簡(jiǎn)單句。
語(yǔ)篇(1)
①________________(李華感到非常心煩,主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ))because his father was ill. ②_________________ (他的同學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)他總是心不在焉,主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)) and he even ignored his classmatescare. When Lihuas teachers learn this,they are so concerned about him and had a talk with him face to face. ③__________________.(老師們告訴他信心的重要性,主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞 +雙賓語(yǔ))to go through hardships. With the teachersencouragement,LiHua believed that ④______________. (他能夠解決問(wèn)題,主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ))Not long,⑤_____________ .(他的父親完全恢復(fù)了,主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞)
語(yǔ)篇(2)
假設(shè)你是紅星中學(xué)高三(1)班的學(xué)生李華,用英文寫(xiě)一篇周記,記述爸爸出差期間媽媽生病,你照顧她的過(guò)程。(2013北京卷)
Last Monday,my father(1)______
_______________(向媽媽和我告別,主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞 +雙賓語(yǔ))and went on a business trip. He would be away for three days. Just the next morning,I found (2)_______________(媽媽身體不舒服, 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)). She had a cold. I immediately went to get her some medicine and then(3)______________(給她煮了面條,主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞 +雙賓語(yǔ)).With my special care, my mother(4)____________(身體恢復(fù)得很快, 主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞).When my father came back home, my mother(5)_______
____________(告訴他所發(fā)生的事情,主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞 +雙賓語(yǔ)). He praised me for what I done at home, which(6)____________.(這使我感到非常開(kāi)心, 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞 +賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ))endprint