郭 鑫, 畢海寧, 蓋 晴綜述, 叢樹(shù)艷審校
隨著人口老齡化的不斷加速,心腦血管疾病的發(fā)病率、致殘率以及死亡率也在逐年升高。顱內(nèi)血管動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化形成是心腦血管疾病的重要病理基礎(chǔ),脂質(zhì)代謝紊亂是動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化形成的直接原因,其中氧化型低密度脂蛋白(oxidized low-density lipoprotein,ox-LDL)是重要的危險(xiǎn)因子,血凝集素樣氧化型低密度脂蛋白受體l(lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-l,LOX-1)作為ox-LDL的特異性受體,在各種促炎和促動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化因子的刺激下高度表達(dá)[1,2]。近年來(lái),LOX-1與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化及其相關(guān)疾病的關(guān)系已成為國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者研究的熱點(diǎn)內(nèi)容?,F(xiàn)本文就LOX-1的研究進(jìn)展情況綜述如下。
LOX-1是一種相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為52kD的Ⅱ型跨膜蛋白,屬于C型血凝素家族,是1997年Sawamura等[3]應(yīng)用分子克隆技術(shù)在牛動(dòng)脈內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞克隆出的一種ox-LDL特異性受體。LOX-1與已知的清道夫受體(SR)在結(jié)構(gòu)上并無(wú)相似性,但與自然殺傷細(xì)胞受體(CD94和NKR-P1)具有高度同源性,參與細(xì)胞識(shí)別及自然殺傷細(xì)胞的激活。人的LOX-1基因是單拷貝基因,位于第12號(hào)染色體的p12.3~p13.2區(qū),與家族性高血壓相關(guān)基因有重疊,編碼區(qū)有5個(gè)內(nèi)含子和6個(gè)外顯子,近5’端有多個(gè)潛在的順式調(diào)控元件,如c-ets-1結(jié)合元件、GATA-2結(jié)合元件、佛波酯(PMA)反應(yīng)元件和血液剪切力反應(yīng)元件等,均能特異性調(diào)控LOX-1的基因表達(dá)[4]。
LOX-1由273個(gè)氨基酸構(gòu)成,共有4個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)域,分別是 N末端胞質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)域、跨膜結(jié)構(gòu)域、頸結(jié)構(gòu)域和C末端血凝素樣結(jié)構(gòu)域。凝集素樣結(jié)構(gòu)域是個(gè)高度保守的功能區(qū)域,特別是位于該區(qū)域的6個(gè)半胱氨酸殘基,具有與配體結(jié)合、內(nèi)攝及吞噬的功能[5]。LOX-1識(shí)別的配體主要有4種:修飾脂蛋白(ox-LDL、乙?;疞DL、次氯酸鹽修飾的高密度脂蛋白)、陰離子磷脂類(lèi)(磷脂酰肌醇和磷脂酰絲氨酸)、多聚陰離子化學(xué)物質(zhì)(角叉菜膠和聚肌苷酸)及細(xì)胞配體(細(xì)菌、衰老或凋亡細(xì)胞和活化的血小板)[6]。LOX-1通過(guò)與這些配體的結(jié)合進(jìn)而發(fā)揮其功能,如誘導(dǎo)平滑肌細(xì)胞的增殖、轉(zhuǎn)移及凋亡,促進(jìn)泡沫細(xì)胞形成,誘導(dǎo)炎癥反應(yīng),刺激基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶的釋放等。
生理狀態(tài)下,LOX-1活性較低,其主要表達(dá)于血管豐富的組織,如主動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜、胎盤(pán)、肺、腦、骨髓等,也可被誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)于單核/巨噬細(xì)胞、平滑肌細(xì)胞、活化的血小板及樹(shù)突狀細(xì)胞等[7]。病理狀態(tài)下,多種刺激因子可使LOX-1的表達(dá)上調(diào)[2,8,9],包括促動(dòng)脈硬化因子如ox-LDL、同型半胱氨酸等;促炎因子如腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、C-反應(yīng)蛋白、脂多糖和白細(xì)胞介素-1(IL-1)等;促感染因素如人巨細(xì)胞病毒感染、肺炎衣原體感染等;促糖尿病因子如高血糖和糖基化終產(chǎn)物等;促高血壓因子如血管緊張素Ⅱ和內(nèi)皮素-1等;還有血液剪切力,以及心肌缺血、心肌肥厚、缺血再灌注損傷和肥胖等疾病。此外,有一些藥物可以抑制LOX-1的表達(dá),如水楊酸類(lèi)藥物阿司匹林[10]、他汀類(lèi)藥物[11]、鈣離子拮抗劑[12]、過(guò)氧化物酶體增殖物激活受體γ(PPAR-γ)激動(dòng)劑如吡格列酮[13]等,通過(guò)抑制血小板聚集、減少細(xì)胞內(nèi)活性氧的產(chǎn)生、抑制炎癥反應(yīng),延緩動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化進(jìn)程。有研究表明[14],雄性激素亦可調(diào)節(jié)LOX-1的表達(dá),低水平的雄激素促進(jìn)LOX-1的表達(dá),反之,雄激素水平升高如睪酮替代療法可抑制LOX-1的表達(dá)。
LOX-1通常以膜結(jié)合型及可溶型兩種形式存在[15],即LOX-1不僅表達(dá)于細(xì)胞表面,還以可溶性分子的形式存在于血液循環(huán)系統(tǒng)??扇苄阅貥友趸偷兔芏戎鞍资荏w1(soluble LOX-1,sLOX-1)是LOX-1于胞外近膜區(qū)被一種未知蛋白酶水解切割并在循環(huán)中釋放形成的,是含有187個(gè)氨基酸殘基的多肽。Murase等[16]發(fā)現(xiàn)牛的LOX-1 有Arg86-Ser87和Lys89-Ser90兩個(gè)酶切位點(diǎn)。Biocca等[17]發(fā)現(xiàn)人的LOX-1酶切位點(diǎn)在Arg88-Gln89之間。水解LOX-1的蛋白酶對(duì)苯甲基磺酰氟敏感,故有學(xué)者推測(cè)可能為絲氨酸蛋白酶[5]。血清中sLOX-1的濃度與細(xì)胞表面受體表達(dá)水平有關(guān),可反映體內(nèi)某些疾病的狀態(tài),如動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、高血壓、糖尿病、急性心腦血管疾病等。
近年來(lái),已有證據(jù)表明LOX-1及sLOX-1與各種動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化危險(xiǎn)因素如吸煙,肥胖,舒張期高血壓,糖尿病,高脂血癥等密切相關(guān)[2]。這兩者可用于動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化相關(guān)疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及預(yù)后評(píng)估,與心腦血管疾病的發(fā)生發(fā)展顯著相關(guān)。
3.1 LOX-1及sLOX-1與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的關(guān)系 動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化是一種慢性炎癥性疾病,其經(jīng)過(guò)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞功能障礙、平滑肌細(xì)胞增殖和轉(zhuǎn)移、泡沫細(xì)胞形成等過(guò)程,引起血管內(nèi)環(huán)境失衡,從而導(dǎo)致疾病的發(fā)生,LOX-1在這一過(guò)程中發(fā)揮著重要作用。
血管內(nèi)皮功能障礙是動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的起始和關(guān)鍵步驟。ox-LDL是引起血管內(nèi)皮功能障礙的關(guān)鍵因子,主要存在于動(dòng)脈壁及外周血中,其濃度的高低與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的進(jìn)程密切相關(guān)[18]。ox-LDL通過(guò)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞上的LOX-1、小GTP酶Rho和Rac以及Rho相關(guān)蛋白激酶激活精氨酸酶Ⅱ,與內(nèi)皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)底物左旋精氨酸,使其活性降低而減少一氧化氮(NO)的釋放,從而引起血管內(nèi)皮功能障礙[19]。同時(shí),ox-LDL與LOX-1的結(jié)合還可通過(guò)線(xiàn)粒體電子傳遞鏈、NADPH氧化酶等途徑誘導(dǎo)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞活性氧的產(chǎn)生,后者可快速與NO反應(yīng)生成過(guò)氧化亞硝基,使NO活性降低,繼而加重血管內(nèi)皮功能障礙[20]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),抗LOX-1抗體和脂聯(lián)素可恢復(fù)載脂蛋白E(ApoE)基因敲除大鼠內(nèi)皮依賴(lài)的血管舒張功能,并減少主動(dòng)脈ox-LDL的攝取及活性氧的產(chǎn)生,提示脂聯(lián)素和LOX-1的共同作用可增強(qiáng)氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)以及細(xì)胞對(duì)ox-LDL的攝取,從而導(dǎo)致血管內(nèi)皮損傷[21]。此外,LOX-1還可通過(guò)激活小GTP酶Rho和Rac,蛋白激酶C的α亞型,p38絲裂酶原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)和核因子-κB(NF-κB)等誘導(dǎo)趨化因子和白細(xì)胞粘附分子的表達(dá),使更多的炎性細(xì)胞向內(nèi)膜轉(zhuǎn)移,引起血管壁的局部炎癥反應(yīng),促進(jìn)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化形成[22]。
LOX-1的表達(dá)不僅限于內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,其在血管平滑肌細(xì)胞及巨噬細(xì)胞中亦可誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)。ox-LDL通過(guò)使胞外信號(hào)調(diào)節(jié)激酶磷酸化誘導(dǎo)平滑肌細(xì)胞中LOX-1的表達(dá),且ox-LDL中的構(gòu)成成分溶血磷脂酰膽堿亦可上調(diào)LOX-1的表達(dá),并可促進(jìn)細(xì)胞對(duì)ox-LDL的攝取[23]。Sun等[24]發(fā)現(xiàn)由ox-LDL介導(dǎo)的LOX-1高表達(dá)可通過(guò)NF-κB及c-Jun氨基端激酶(JNK)途徑刺激平滑肌細(xì)胞的增殖和轉(zhuǎn)移,促進(jìn)斑塊的形成。此外,LOX-1亦參與血管平滑肌細(xì)胞的凋亡,其可能通過(guò)降低Bcl-2/Bax的比值來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)[25]。一般來(lái)說(shuō),LOX-1在外周血單核細(xì)胞中幾乎不表達(dá),但在單核細(xì)胞經(jīng)PMA誘導(dǎo)形成巨噬細(xì)胞后,LOX-1表達(dá)顯著增強(qiáng)[26],繼而通過(guò)LOX-1及SR攝取大量ox-LDL后形成泡沫細(xì)胞。研究證實(shí),組胺、TNF-α、高糖、軟脂酸以及ox-LDL等均可刺激巨噬細(xì)胞表面LOX-1的表達(dá),增強(qiáng)其對(duì)ox-LDL的攝取,促進(jìn)泡沫細(xì)胞形成[7,23]。
LOX-1不僅參與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的形成,而且與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的嚴(yán)重程度亦顯著相關(guān)。Mehta等[27]將LOX-1基因敲除小鼠同LDL受體(LDLR)基因敲除小鼠雜交產(chǎn)生的雙基因敲除小鼠與單純LDLR基因敲除小鼠同時(shí)喂養(yǎng)高膽固醇飲食18 w后,與LDLR基因敲除小鼠相比,雙基因敲除小鼠主動(dòng)脈中動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化程度明顯減輕,同時(shí)其動(dòng)脈腔內(nèi)阻塞程度及內(nèi)膜厚度也明顯減小,說(shuō)明LOX-1與血管內(nèi)膜的厚度即動(dòng)脈腔的狹窄程度也有一定的相關(guān)性。White等[28]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),將LOX-1高表達(dá)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)入ApoE基因敲除小鼠的模型中,經(jīng)高脂飲食飼養(yǎng)后頸總動(dòng)脈斑塊覆蓋面積明顯增加,說(shuō)明LOX-1水平的高低與頸動(dòng)脈硬化斑塊面積大小有關(guān)。
前文已述,sLOX-1是LOX-1的可溶性形式,其濃度與細(xì)胞表面LOX-1的表達(dá)水平有關(guān)。但與LOX-1相比,sLOX-1水平的升高不僅提示動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化相關(guān)疾病或炎癥反應(yīng)的存在,而且說(shuō)明了動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化疾病中不穩(wěn)定斑塊的形成,其易于測(cè)量,可預(yù)測(cè)疾病的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及進(jìn)展[29,30]。在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化相關(guān)疾病的發(fā)病早期,sLOX-1常表現(xiàn)出較高的水平,由此推測(cè)sLOX-1可作為斑塊破裂或易損性的生物標(biāo)志物。
3.2 LOX-1及sLOX-1與心血管疾病的關(guān)系 急性冠狀動(dòng)脈綜合征(ACS)是以冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊破裂或侵襲,繼發(fā)完全或不完全閉塞性血栓為病理基礎(chǔ)的一組臨床綜合征。Hayashida等[30]做了一項(xiàng)研究,在所有接受冠狀動(dòng)脈造影的受試者中,ACS患者的血清sLOX-1水平明顯高于穩(wěn)定性心絞痛、無(wú)冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄及急性非心源性疾病患者,其與肌鈣蛋白T(TnT)水平無(wú)關(guān),在ACS患者血清中sLOX-1的升高早于TnT水平的升高。這種時(shí)間上的先后順序可以解釋為,sLOX-1的升高指的是斑塊的破裂或易損性,TnT的升高指的是心肌壞死或缺血性損傷,斑塊破裂發(fā)生于心肌損傷之前,因此血清sLOX-1已被提議作為ACS早期診斷的生物標(biāo)志物。與其他心肌損傷標(biāo)志物(如TnT、肌酸激酶、肌紅蛋白及心肌脂肪酸結(jié)合蛋白等)相比,sLOX-1具有更高的靈敏度及特異性,其在TnT值不明顯升高的ACS受試者中亦可檢測(cè)出較高的水平,且持續(xù)時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)[31]。因此,sLOX-1可能是對(duì)于ACS早期診斷效果更好的生物標(biāo)志物。此外,Kobayashi等[32]通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者的血清sLOX-1水平明顯高于非STEMI(NSTEMI)組;Balin等[33]通過(guò)對(duì)冠心病患者冠狀動(dòng)脈左前降支(LAD)近端、中段及遠(yuǎn)端病變的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在LAD近端或中段處有損傷者的血清sLOX-1水平明顯高于LAD遠(yuǎn)端有病變者,這些均說(shuō)明sLOX-1水平的高低與ACS的嚴(yán)重程度有關(guān)。Higuma等[34]的一項(xiàng)前瞻性研究發(fā)現(xiàn)血清sLOX-1水平不僅是ACS早期診斷的生物標(biāo)志物,而且是ACS復(fù)發(fā)或死亡的預(yù)測(cè)因子,不良心血管事件的發(fā)生率及STEMI患者的死亡率與血清sLOX-1水平顯著相關(guān)。Li等[35]的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),冠脈支架置入術(shù)后(PCI)患者的血清sLOX-1水平與支架內(nèi)再狹窄(ISR)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)及管腔損失的嚴(yán)重性顯著相關(guān),術(shù)后血清sLOX-1水平可能有助于PCI后的ISR監(jiān)測(cè)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估。
高血壓是心血管疾病發(fā)生的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,腎素-血管緊張素-醛固酮系統(tǒng)(RAAS)是高血壓發(fā)病機(jī)理的重要參與者。血管緊張素Ⅱ通過(guò)血管緊張素1型受體(AT1R)誘導(dǎo)LOX-1的表達(dá),LOX-1的激活亦上調(diào)AT1R的表達(dá),繼而在血管緊張素Ⅱ-AT1R-LOX-1之間形成一個(gè)正反饋環(huán)路,參與高血壓的形成[36]。Hu等[37]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在LOX-1基因敲除的小鼠中,經(jīng)血管緊張素Ⅱ誘導(dǎo)形成的高血壓水平明顯降低,并伴隨著AT1R表達(dá)下調(diào),LOX-1基因敲除小鼠的心肌成纖維細(xì)胞在接受血管緊張素Ⅱ的處理后,顯示出減弱的促纖維化反應(yīng),說(shuō)明血管緊張素Ⅱ-AT1R-LOX-1環(huán)是血壓的一個(gè)重要調(diào)節(jié)者,LOX-1在高血壓的發(fā)病機(jī)制及心肌細(xì)胞重塑的過(guò)程中均發(fā)揮著重要作用。其次,通過(guò)ox-LDL與LOX-1的特異性結(jié)合,激活內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,促進(jìn)內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的炎性改變和凋亡,抑制eNOS的正常表達(dá),使血管舒張因子NO合成減少,影響血管的收縮與舒張,是高血壓發(fā)病的另一重要機(jī)制[38]。此外,Uchida等[39]在健康人群中做統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)LOX-1的表達(dá)主要與舒張壓水平的高低有關(guān),而與收縮壓無(wú)關(guān)。
目前已有學(xué)者報(bào)道,LOX-1參與高血壓并發(fā)癥左心室肥大的形成。Xu等[40]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在患有原發(fā)性高血壓的患者中,左心室肥大者的血清sLOX-1水平高于無(wú)左心室肥大者,血清LOX-1水平的高低可預(yù)測(cè)高血壓患者左心室肥大的發(fā)展情況。而對(duì)于其他心血管事件,如急性主動(dòng)脈夾層(AAD),Kobayashi等[41]發(fā)現(xiàn)AAD患者血清sLOX-1和TnT水平均高于非ST段抬高型ACS患者。這一結(jié)果說(shuō)明sLOX-1與TnT的聯(lián)合檢測(cè)可能用于區(qū)分AAD和非ST段抬高型ACS。Mehta等[42]發(fā)現(xiàn)在冠狀動(dòng)脈阻塞1 h和再灌注1 h后SD大鼠心肌中的LOX-1表達(dá)明顯上調(diào),在經(jīng)過(guò)抗LOX-1預(yù)處理后可降低其表達(dá),并減輕心肌損傷和功能障礙,提示LOX-1在心肌缺血及再灌注中亦發(fā)揮重要作用。
3.3 LOX-1及sLOX-1與代謝性疾病的關(guān)系 代謝綜合征(MS)是以肥胖、高血壓、高血脂、糖尿病或糖代謝異常為主的一組嚴(yán)重影響人類(lèi)健康的臨床綜合征。近年來(lái),越來(lái)越多的學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn)LOX-1及sLOX-1與MS有著密切的聯(lián)系。
Takanabe-Mori等[43]發(fā)現(xiàn),LOX-1基因敲除小鼠經(jīng)高脂飲食飼養(yǎng)后誘導(dǎo)形成的脂肪細(xì)胞炎癥因子如單核細(xì)胞趨化蛋白-1、IL-6等表達(dá)明顯降低。Brinkley等[44]通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)血清sLOX-1水平與絕經(jīng)后婦女的體重指數(shù)(BMI)、體脂百分比以及體脂總含量呈正相關(guān),體重減輕可使血清sLOX-1水平的顯著降低。Nomata等[45]也發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)于超重男性,血清sLOX-1水平也隨著體重減輕而顯著減低。這些研究均表明LOX-1可能參與脂肪細(xì)胞代謝及相關(guān)炎癥反應(yīng),減輕體重可降低血清sLOX-1的水平,從而降低動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化及其相關(guān)疾病的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
糖尿病是一種以氧化應(yīng)激、炎癥及內(nèi)皮功能障礙為特征的代謝疾病,是動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化形成的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。鄭徽等[46]通過(guò)對(duì)新診斷2型糖尿病患者和非糖尿病病例的血清LOX-1進(jìn)行檢測(cè),發(fā)現(xiàn)糖化血紅蛋白與血清LOX-1表達(dá)呈正相關(guān),糖化血紅蛋白的升高是導(dǎo)致LOX-1表達(dá)上調(diào)的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素。Tan等[47]通過(guò)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)糖基化終產(chǎn)物(AGEs)能夠刺激巨噬細(xì)胞表面LOX-1表達(dá)上調(diào),并呈時(shí)間和濃度依賴(lài)性;2型糖尿病患者血清中sLOX-1水平升高,并在血糖得到控制后,sLOX-1水平亦隨之減低,其下降的程度與糖化血紅蛋白及AGEs的改善情況有關(guān)。因此,血糖被認(rèn)為是LOX-1及sLOX-1水平的決定因素。此外,sLOX-1在糖尿病患者的動(dòng)脈硬化疾病中也具有重要作用。Fukui等[48]發(fā)現(xiàn)患有外周動(dòng)脈疾病(PAD)的糖尿病患者血清sLOX-1水平顯著高于無(wú)PAD的患者,并與踝肱指數(shù)成負(fù)相關(guān),踝肱指數(shù)是評(píng)價(jià)下肢動(dòng)脈血流情況的有效指標(biāo)。這說(shuō)明sLOX-1可能是糖尿病患者PAD的血清標(biāo)志物。還有學(xué)者提出血清sLOX-1水平可能與糖尿病腎病患者的腎小管間質(zhì)損傷程度及尿蛋白濃度有關(guān)[49]。
3.4 LOX-1及sLOX-1與腦血管疾病的關(guān)系 目前已有較多學(xué)者確認(rèn)了LOX-1及sLOX-1與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化相關(guān)疾病的高度相關(guān)性,但對(duì)于其與腦血管疾病的關(guān)系研究甚少。Schwarz等[50]人通過(guò)對(duì)缺血性腦卒中大鼠模型的研究,發(fā)現(xiàn)在腦組織核心病變部位LOX-1表達(dá)明顯增加。Li等[51]發(fā)現(xiàn)自發(fā)性高血壓大鼠皮質(zhì)LOX-1的表達(dá)上調(diào),可誘導(dǎo)神經(jīng)元凋亡。Akamatsu等[52]證實(shí)抗LOX-1抗體可降低LOX-1的濃度,減少顱內(nèi)梗死體積,減輕腦水腫程度。如上所述,在動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中已經(jīng)證實(shí)LOX-1與腦血管病的相關(guān)性,但關(guān)于人的臨床研究證據(jù)尚不足。浦蘇穎等[53]指出急性腦卒中患者血清LOX-1濃度升高,且明顯高于非急性腦卒中患者,其水平的高低與患者預(yù)后恢復(fù)情況顯著相關(guān)。但該研究樣本量?jī)H數(shù)十例,缺乏代表性。Yokota等[54]研究指出,與健康對(duì)照組相比,急性腦梗死患者血清sLOX-1水平顯著增加;在急性腦出血發(fā)病后,LOX-1會(huì)結(jié)合腦組織中破裂的血腫紅細(xì)胞,使sLOX-1以及LOX-1表達(dá)的上調(diào)。Huang等[55]通過(guò)分析急性腦梗死患者血清sLOX-1水平與3 m后神經(jīng)功能恢復(fù)情況的關(guān)系,提出sLOX-1可能為急性腦梗死患者評(píng)估預(yù)后的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因子。由此推測(cè),高水平的sLOX-1可能是急性腦卒中的生物標(biāo)志物,并且可能成為評(píng)估患者預(yù)后恢復(fù)情況的新型生化指標(biāo)。
目前已有大量研究證實(shí),LOX-1及sLOX-1與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化及其相關(guān)疾病的發(fā)生具有高度相關(guān)性,其水平的高低可反映疾病的嚴(yán)重程度。其中,LOX-1介導(dǎo)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化形成過(guò)程中的多種病理變化,其在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化相關(guān)疾病的發(fā)生與發(fā)展過(guò)程中發(fā)揮著重要作用。而sLOX-1可作為動(dòng)脈硬化斑塊破裂或易損性的生物標(biāo)志物,對(duì)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化疾病的早期診斷發(fā)揮一定的作用,如ACS。但對(duì)于sLOX-1與急性缺血性腦卒中的相關(guān)性研究國(guó)內(nèi)尚無(wú)報(bào)道。而卒中發(fā)病前后sLOX-1水平是否呈動(dòng)態(tài)演變,其水平的高低是否與病情的嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后恢復(fù)情況有關(guān),以及其是否可作為一個(gè)新的治療靶點(diǎn)以使腦卒中患者早期獲益,這些都尚未知曉。因此還需要大量的臨床試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究與探索,這對(duì)指導(dǎo)臨床治療、預(yù)防以及改善預(yù)后均具有重要意義。
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