国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

放療與藥物聯合治療乳腺癌的研究進展

2018-01-14 09:18王舒蓓陳佳藝許赪
中國癌癥防治雜志 2018年3期
關鍵詞:放化療單抗生存率

王舒蓓 陳佳藝 許赪

乳腺癌是世界上最常見的惡性腫瘤之一,每年有超過100萬新發(fā)病例,也是全球女性癌癥死亡的主要原因[1]。近年來,包含腫瘤外科、腫瘤放療和腫瘤內科在內的乳腺癌多學科團隊綜合治療策略,明顯改善了患者預后,降低了乳腺癌死亡率[2]。放療在乳腺癌綜合治療中具有重要地位,作為術后輔助治療手段,可顯著改善患者局部控制率和生存率,作為姑息治療的主要手段,亦可有效緩解癥狀,減輕痛苦,提高患者生活質量。本文就放療與藥物聯合應用治療乳腺癌的現狀和進展作一概述。

1 乳腺癌放療概述

放療是乳腺癌綜合治療的重要組成部分,乳腺癌放療可分為早期乳腺癌保乳術后的輔助放療、乳腺癌乳腺切除術后的輔助放療、乳腺癌術后局部區(qū)域復發(fā)灶放療和遠處轉移灶(腦轉移、骨轉移等)放療等。乳腺癌放療始于1924年Keynes首次采用鐳針插植治療乳腺癌[3]。2011年早期乳腺癌試驗者協(xié)作組(early breast cancer trialists'collaborative group,EBCTCG)的一項Meta分析證實接受放療的保乳術后患者的復發(fā)率與死亡率均顯著降低,提示10年內每避免4例復發(fā),15年內能避免1例乳腺癌相關死亡。多項研究報道[4-6]對于乳腺癌乳腺切除術后患者,術后放療同樣可以降低局部區(qū)域復發(fā)風險,提高生存率,此外,不論病理結果顯示是否存在陽性淋巴結,患者均可從放療中獲益[7]。隨著放療技術的進步和設備的改進,乳腺靶區(qū)內照射劑量的均勻性提高,對周圍正常組織尤其是對肺和心臟損傷減少,乳腺癌術后放療效果逐步改善[8]。對于乳腺癌術后局部區(qū)域復發(fā)灶,如胸壁孤立性復發(fā)灶及鎖骨上、內乳等區(qū)域淋巴結轉移等,局部放療亦可改善生存質量[9],對骨、腦、肺、肝等遠處轉移灶,放療亦是有效的局部治療方法。

2 乳腺癌放療與化療

化療是乳腺癌綜合治療的重要組成部分,放療與化療聯合以及具體方案設定能影響乳腺癌患者預后。

在輔助治療中,對于均需接受放療和化療的患者,目前標準的臨床實踐是放療前進行化療。支持化療后序貫放療的數據來自既往的ARCOSEIN研究[10]和Arcangeli等[11]研究,先行化療或放療的乳腺癌患者局部復發(fā)率和長期生存率無明顯區(qū)別。Bellon等[12]開展了一項保乳術后進行放化療的前瞻性隨機試驗,共入組244例患者,分為先放療后化療和先化療后放療兩組,先化療后放療組有更高的5年局部復發(fā)率(11%vs 10%),先放療后化療組有更高的遠處轉移率(33%vs 25%);兩組10年總復發(fā)率(35%vs 36%)和無病生存率(54%vs 49%)差異不大[12]。同步放化療增加毒副反應且未顯示生存優(yōu)勢,因此目前不推薦進行。2011年公布的SECRAB試驗[13]將2 296例早期乳腺癌女性患者分為同步輔助放化療組和序貫輔助放化療組。同步輔助放化療組的急性皮膚毒副反應發(fā)生率顯著升高(25%vs 16%),且中度或重度皮膚毛細血管擴張發(fā)生率亦顯著升高(2.5%vs 1.3%)。雖然同步輔助放化療組的5年局部復發(fā)率顯著降低(2.8%vs 5.1%),但兩組的總生存率和無病生存率無差異。因此,臨床工作中,在選擇不同放化療秩序安排時應權衡治療的獲益和毒副作用。

對于接受新輔助化療的局部晚期乳腺癌患者,都曾應用化療后單純手術、單純放療或手術與放療相結合的治療方式。Perloff等[14]比較乳腺癌新輔助化療后的治療方式,結果顯示,單純手術和單純放療在局部控制率和長期生存率方面并無明顯差異。另有研究表明,患者在新輔助化療和手術治療后接受局部放療,可將局部復發(fā)率從23%~58%降低到12%~15%,并得到生存獲益[15]。

乳腺癌術后復發(fā),尤其是保乳術后局部區(qū)域復發(fā)屬于潛在可治愈患者,放化療亦有重要作用[16]。Kuo等[17]分析115例乳房切除術后局部區(qū)域復發(fā)的患者,發(fā)現積極接受局部區(qū)域治療(手術和放療)以及全身治療的患者,其預后明顯優(yōu)于只接受其中一種治療的患者(5年無病生存率為52%vs 39%;5年總生存率為63%vs 50%)。在出現腦轉移需接受全腦放療的乳腺癌患者中,亦有多項研究表明,放療同步口服卡培他濱可改善局部控制和生存的效果,且不增加明顯的不良反應。Chargari等[18]觀察5例乳癌腦轉移患者全腦放療同步口服卡培他濱的療效,其中1例患者獲完全緩解,另有2例患者獲部分緩解,且未出現明顯不良反應。在乳腺癌治療中,大多數情況下放療聯合化療是一種安全、有效的治療方法,但具體治療方案的制定與選擇需根據患者的具體情況而定。

3 乳腺癌放療與靶向治療

多項隨機對照臨床試驗證實曲妥珠單抗輔助治療可顯著提高HER-2陽性乳腺癌患者的總生存率及無病生存率[19-20]。NSABP B31和NCCTG N9831等研究奠定了曲妥珠單抗在HER-2陽性乳腺癌輔助治療中的基石地位[20]。心臟毒性是曲妥珠單抗的主要不良反應,因此在乳腺癌輔助治療階段多避免曲妥珠單抗與蒽環(huán)類藥物同期應用,但其與放療的最佳應用時序并無共識。薈萃分析顯示其術后放療可使15年死亡率降低5%,但心臟事件死亡風險隨之增加(RR=1.27)[4]。目前對于過表達HER-2受體的乳腺癌患者,實施術后輔助放療的同時輔以曲妥珠單抗靶向治療。多項臨床試驗[21-23]采用該法,確立了曲妥珠單抗在輔助治療中的地位,且未導致更高的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。NCCTG N9831試驗是迄今為止對乳腺癌放療同期曲妥珠單抗心臟毒性的最大樣本量回顧性分析,經3.7年中位隨訪,阿霉素(A)+環(huán)磷酰胺(C)-紫杉醇(T)-曲妥珠單抗(H)組同期放療和無放療患者的心臟事件發(fā)生率均為2.7%,AC-TH-H組同期放療和無放療患者的心臟事件發(fā)生率分別為1.7%和5.9%;去除放療前發(fā)生的心臟事件,放療同期曲妥珠單抗組和單純曲妥珠單抗組的心臟事件發(fā)生率分別為1.6%和4.1%。放療同期曲妥珠單抗組的146例患者,僅10%出現≥2級LVEF下降[24]。另外在一項前瞻性研究中,106例接受曲妥珠單抗聯合放療的患者,接受內乳淋巴結放療和蒽環(huán)類藥物化療的比例分別為83%和92%,6例(5.7%)患者出現≥2級左室舒張功能障礙,其中4例(3.8%)經對癥處理后恢復正常[25]。因此,雖然乳腺癌放療與曲妥珠單抗治療都可能帶來心臟損傷,但目前認為二者聯合安全有效,并未明顯增加其毒副反應[26]。

曲妥珠單抗為大分子物質,不能通過血腦屏障,而全腦放療能開放血腦屏障,提高曲妥珠單抗在腦脊液的濃度。Stemmler等[27]連續(xù)測量6例正接受WBRT治療的HER-2陽性乳腺癌腦轉移患者血清和腦脊髓液中曲妥珠單抗藥物赫賽汀的濃度。結果曲妥珠單抗赫賽汀的血清濃度與腦脊液濃度比在放療前是420∶1,在放療后則變?yōu)?6∶1。一項回顧性研究將17例HER-2陽性腦轉移患者接受全腦放療后繼續(xù)使用曲妥珠單抗,與36例未使用曲妥珠單抗的患者進行比較,結果發(fā)現,曲妥珠單抗治療者能延長顱內病灶進展時間的趨勢,放療聯合曲妥珠單抗可延長腦轉移患者的生存時間[28]。

近年來,許多學者對乳腺癌靶向治療中的其他藥物進行了大量的研究。其中,拉帕替尼備受重視,其作為小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制劑,可通過血腦屏障,被廣泛應用于乳腺癌腦轉移患者。在LANDSCAPE試驗[29]中,于全腦放療前應用拉帕替尼聯合卡培他濱,67%的患者腦轉移瘤體積縮小超過80%,提示拉帕替尼聯合化療可能具有延遲全腦放療時機的作用。一項I期研究觀察了拉帕替尼與全腦放療聯用的療效與耐受性,28例患者的客觀緩解率為79%[30]。亦有研究在全腦放療或立體定向放療后應用拉帕替尼聯合卡培他濱,結果發(fā)現與曲妥珠單抗為基礎的治療相比,其可明顯延長顱內病灶的控制時間(27.9個月vs 16.7個月)[31]。Trastuzumab emtansine(T-DM1)是將曲妥珠單抗和化療藥物美坦新派生物經過特殊的偶聯技術開發(fā)的全新靶向化療藥物。T-DM1聯合放療的報道均為小樣本個案報道,總體來說療效尚可[32]。一項研究評價了39例乳腺癌腦轉移患者接受T-DM1治療的療效,其中37例患者接受放療,中位PFS為6.1個月,1年顱內無進展生存率為33%[33]。但亦有在顱內立體定向放療后應用T-DM1造成遲發(fā)性放射性腦壞死的報道[34]??傮w而言,抗HER-2與放療聯合可以提高患者局部控制率,且較安全。

4 乳腺癌放療與內分泌治療

內分泌治療是乳腺癌輔助治療中的重要組成部分,迄今最大一項放療與內分泌治療聯合的研究是NSABP的B-14研究,該研究共納入超過1 000例淋巴結陰性、ER陽性的乳腺癌患者,在保乳手術和放療后被隨機分為他莫昔芬(tamxifen,TAM)組或安慰劑組,與安慰劑組相比,TAM組的10年復發(fā)率更低(4%vs 15%)[35]。但迄今為止尚無探討TAM與放療時序方面的隨機研究,只有個別回顧性分析報道[36],而第3 代芳香化酶抑制劑(aromatase inhibitors,AI)與放療時序應用的研究則更少[37]。

SWOG8897試驗評價了TAM與放療時序對保乳患者療效的影響,TAM和放療同期治療組202例、放療序貫TAM治療組107例;中位隨訪時間10.3年,同期治療組與序貫治療組10年無瘤生存率、總生存率、治療失敗患者10年局部復發(fā)率均無差異[38]。耶魯大學對500例保乳患者進行了TAM和放療時序的回顧性研究,放療與內分泌同期治療組254例、序貫治療組241例,中位隨訪時間10年,兩組的總生存率與復發(fā)率差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義[36]。同時,有研究[39-40]認為放療同期應用TAM可增加2度以上放射性皮膚反應及乳房、肺纖維化等不良反應發(fā)生率,但大樣本資料未發(fā)現TAM和放療的時序關系對療效和不良反應的影響[41-42]。

放療與AI時序應用的報道很少,且少有數據有效說明同時使用放療與AI治療方式的理論基礎,在個別體外研究中發(fā)現來曲唑可增加放射敏感性,在激素受體表達的乳腺癌細胞中比較2 Gy照射后的生存分數,發(fā)現來曲唑聯合X線較單純X線可將細胞生存分數從 0.66 下降至 0.46[43]。Bollet等[37]回顧分析了大腫塊、受體陽性、絕經后乳腺癌患者同期新輔助內分泌治療與放療的療效,結果同期內分泌加放療者獲得了較高的臨床和病理學緩解(57%完全緩解,24%部分緩解,21例穩(wěn)定),同時得到了更高的保乳率和良好的局部控制率。另一項針對來曲唑和放療聯合模式的前瞻性研究,將150例接受保乳治療的絕經后受體陽性早期乳腺癌隨機分為放療加來曲唑同期組和放療后序貫來曲唑組,全乳放療劑量為50 Gy加或不加10~16 Gy局部瘤床補量;同期組和序貫組各觀察到31例患者出現>2級皮膚反應,長期隨訪未發(fā)現美容效果上的差別[44]。雖然上述研究結果表明同期或序貫放療聯合AI在臨床實踐中可行,但放療聯合阿那曲唑也有導致皮膚重癥多形紅斑發(fā)生的報道[45]。目前需要開展更多針對乳腺癌內分泌治療和術后放療時序的研究,以探討兩者間的相互作用。

5 結語

乳腺癌治療目前提倡綜合治療,針對不同年齡、不同分期、不同分子分型的腫瘤,將放療與手術及化學治療、內分泌治療、靶向治療等藥物治療手段結合,做到個體化治療,探索療效更好、毒副反應更低的聯合治療方案是關鍵。

[1] Organization WH.Breast cancer:prevention and control[J].World Health Statistics Annual,2012,41(7):697-700.

[2] Kesson EM,Allardice GM,George WD,et al.Effects of multidisciplinary team working on breast cancer survival:retrospective,comparative,interventional cohort study of 13 722 women[J].BMJ,2012,344:e2718.

[3] Keynes G.The place of radium in the treatment of cancer of the breast[J].Ann Surg,1937,106(4):619-630.

[4] Clarke M,Collins R,Darby S,et al.Effects of radiotherapy and of differences in the extent of surgery for early breast cancer on local recurrence and 15-year survival:an overview of the randomised trials[J].Lancet,2005,366(9503):2087-2106.

[5] Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative G,Nielsen HM,Overgaard M,et al.Study of failure pattern among high-risk breast cancer patients with or without postmastectomy radiotherapy in addition to adjuvant systemic therapy:long-term results from the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group DBCG 82 b and c randomized studies[J].J Clin Oncol,2006,24(15):2268-2275.

[6] Ragaz J,Olivotto IA,Spinelli JJ,et al.Locoregional radiation therapy in patients with high-risk breastcancer receiving adjuvant chemotherapy:20-year results of the British Columbia randomized trial[J].J Natl Cancer Inst,2005,97(2):116-126.

[7] Ebctcg,Mcgale P,Taylor C,et al.Effect of radiotherapy after mastectomy and axillary surgery on 10-year recurrence and 20-year breast cancer mortality:meta-analysis of individual patient data for 8135 women in 22 randomised trials[J].Lancet,2014,383(9935):2127-2135.

[8] Rudat V,Alaradi AA,Mohamed A,et al.Tangential beam IMRT versus tangential beam 3D-CRT of the chest wall in postmastectomy breast cancer patients:a dosimetric comparison[J].Radiat Oncol,2011,6:26.

[9] Le Scodan R,Stevens D,Brain E,et al.Breast cancer with synchronous metastases:survival impact of exclusive locoregional radiotherapy[J].J Clin Oncol,2009,27(9):1375-1381.

[10]Toledano A,Garaud P,Serin D,et al.Concurrent administration of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery enhances late toxicities:long-term results of the ARCOSEIN multicenter randomized study[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2006,65(2):324-332.

[11]Arcangeli G,Pinnaro P,Rambone R,et al.A phase III randomized study on the sequencing of radiotherapy and chemotherapy in the conservative management of early-stage breast cancer[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2006,64(1):161-167.

[12]Bellon JR,Come SE,Gelman RS,et al.Sequencing of chemotherapy and radiation therapy in early-stage breast cancer:updated results of a prospective randomized trial[J].J Clin Oncol,2005,23(9):1934-1940.

[13]Fernando I,Bowden SJ,Brookes CL,et al.Synchronous chemo-radiation can reduce local recurrence in early stage breast cancer:results of the SECRAB trial(ISRCTN:84214355)presented on behalf of the SECRAB steering committee[J].European Journal of Cancer,2011,47(11):2.

[14] Perloff M,Lesnick GJ,Korzun A,et al.Combination chemotherapy with mastectomy or radiotherapy for stage III breast carcinoma:a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study[J].J Clin Oncol,1988,6(2):261-269.

[15]Fowble BL,Einck JP,Kim DN,et al.Role of postmastectomy radiation after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in stage II-III breast cancer[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2012,83(2):494-503.

[16]Cardoso F,Costa A,Senkus E,et al.3rd ESO-ESMO International Consensus Guidelines for Advanced Breast Cancer(ABC 3)[J].Ann Oncol,2017,28(1):16-33.

[17] Kuo SH,Huang CS,Kuo WH,et al.Comprehensive locoregional treatment and systemic therapy for postmastectomy isolated locoregional recurrence [J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2008,72(5):1456-1464.

[18]Chargari C,Kirova YM,Dieras V,et al.Concurrent capecitabine and whole-brain radiotherapy for treatment of brain metastases in breast cancer patients[J].J Neurooncol,2009,93(3):379-384.

[19]Dahabreh IJ,Linardou H,Siannis F,et al.Trastuzumab in the adjuvant treatment of early-stage breast cancer:a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials[J].Oncologist,2008,13(6):620-630.

[20]Perez EA,Romond EH,Suman VJ,et al.Trastuzumab plus adjuvant chemotherapy for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive breast cancer:planned joint analysis of overall survival from NSABP B-31 and NCCTG N9831[J].J Clin Oncol,2014,32(33):3744-3752.

[21]Tan-Chiu E,Yothers G,Romond E,et al.Assessment of cardiac dysfunction in a randomized trial comparing doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by paclitaxel,with or without trastuzumab as adjuvant therapy in node-positive,human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressingbreast cancer:NSABP B-31[J].J Clin Oncol,2005,23(31):7811-7819.

[22] Halyard MY,Pisansky TM,Solin LJ,et al.Adjuvant radiotherapy(RT)and trastuzumab in stage I-IIA breast cancer:Toxicity data fromNorth Central Cancer Treatment Group Phase III trial N9831.[J].Journal of Clinical Oncology,2006,24(Suppl 18):8S.

[23]Halyard MY,Pisansky TM,Dueck AC,et al.Radiotherapy and adjuvant trastuzumab in operable breast cancer:tolerability and adverse event data from the NCCTG Phase III Trial N9831[J].J Clin Oncol,2009,27(16):2638-2644.

[24] Belkacemi Y,Gligorov J,Ozsahin M,et al.Concurrent trastuzumab with adjuvant radiotherapy in HER2-positive breast cancer patients:acute toxicity analyses from the French multicentric study[J].Ann Oncol,2008,19(6):1110-1116.

[25]Caussa L,Kirova YM,Gault N,et al.The acute skin and heart toxicity of a concurrent association of trastuzumab and locoregional breast radiotherapy including internal mammary chain:a single-institution study[J].Eur J Cancer,2011,47(1):65-73.

[26]Cao L,Cai G,Chang C,et al.Early cardiac toxicity following adjuvant radiotherapy of left-sided breast cancer with or without concurrent trastuzumab[J].Oncotarget,2016,7(1):1042-1054.

[27]Stemmler HJ,Schmitt M,Willems A,et al.Ratio of trastuzumab levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid is altered in HER2-positive breast cancer patients with brain metastases and impairment of blood-brain barrier[J].Anticancer Drugs,2007,18(1):23-28.

[28] Bartsch R,Rottenfusser A,Wenzel C,et al.Trastuzumab prolongs overall survival in patients with brain metastases from Her2 positive breast cancer[J].J Neurooncol,2007,85(3):311-317.

[29]Bachelot T,Romieu G,Campone M,et al.Lapatinib plus capecitabine in patients with previously untreated brain metastases from HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (LANDSCAPE):a single-group phase 2 study[J].Lancet Oncol,2013,14(1):64-71.

[30]Lin NU,Freedman RA,Ramakrishna N,et al.A phase I study of lapatinib with whole brain radiotherapy in patients with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer brain metastases[J].Breast Cancer Res Treat,2013,142(2):405-414.

[31]Metro G,Foglietta J,Russillo M,et al.Clinical outcome of patients with brain metastases from HER2-positive breast cancer treated with lapatinib and capecitabine[J].Ann Oncol,2011,22(3):625-630.

[32] Borges GS,Rovere RK,Dias SM,et al.Safety and efficacy of the combination of T-DM1 with radiotherapy of the central nervous system in a patient with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer:case study and review of the literature[J].Ecancermedicalscience,2015,9:586.

[33]Jacot W,Pons E,Frenel JS,et al.Efficacy and safety of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1)in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer with brain metastases[J].Breast Cancer Res Treat,2016,157(2):307-318.

[34]Mitsuya K,Watanabe J,Nakasu Y,et al.Expansive hematoma in delayed cerebral radiation necrosis in patients treated with T-DM1:a report of two cases[J].BMC Cancer,2016,16:391.

[35]Fisher B,Dignam J,Bryant J,et al.Five versus more than five years of tamoxifen therapy for breast cancer patients with negative lymph nodesandestrogenreceptor-positivetumors[J].J Natl Cancer Inst,1996,88(21):1529-1542.

[36]Paulsen GH,Strickert T,Marthinsen AB,et al.Changes in radiation sensitivity and steroid receptor content induced by hormonal agents and ionizing radiation in breast cancer cells in vitro[J].Acta Oncol,1996,35(8):1011-1019.

[37]Bollet MA,Kirova YM,Antoni G,et al.Responses to concurrent radiotherapy and hormone-therapy and outcome for large breast cancers in post-menopausal women[J].Radiother Oncol,2007,85(3):336-345.

[38]Hutchins LF,Green SJ,Ravdin PM,et al.Randomized,controlled trial of cyclophosphamide,methotrexate,and fluorouracil versus cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,and fluorouracil with and without tamoxifen for high-risk,node-negative breast cancer:treatment results of Intergroup Protocol INT-0102[J].J Clin Oncol,2005,23(33):8313-8321.

[39]Deutsch M,Flickinger JC.Arm edema after lumpectomy and breast irradiation[J].Am J Clin Oncol,2003,26(3):229-231.

[40]Azria D,Gourgou S,Sozzi WJ,et al.Concomitant use of tamoxifen with radiotherapy enhances subcutaneous breast fibrosis in hypersensitive patients[J].Br J Cancer,2004,91(7):1251-1260.

[41]Harris EE,Christensen VJ,Hwang WT,et al.Impact of concurrent versus sequential tamoxifen with radiation therapy in early-stage breast cancer patients undergoing breast conservation treatment[J].J Clin Oncol,2005,23(1):11-16.

[42]Koc M,Polat P,Suma S.Effects of tamoxifen on pulmonary fibrosis after cobalt-60 radiotherapy in breast cancer patients[J].Radiother Oncol,2002,64(2):171-175.

[43]Azria D,Larbouret C,Cunat S,et al.Letrozole sensitizes breast cancer cells to ionizing radiation[J].Breast Cancer Res,2005,7(1):R156-163.

[44]Azria D,Lemanski C,Romieu G,et al.Concurrent or sequential adjuvant letrozole and radiotherapy after conservative surgery for earlystage breast cancer:long-term results of the cohort phase 2 randomized trial[J].Int J Radiat Oncol,2011,81(2):S34-S35.

[45]Nakatani K,Matsumoto M,Ue H,et al.Erythema multiforme after radiotherapy with aromatase inhibitor administration in breast-conservation treatment for breast cancer[J].Breast Cancer,2008,15(4):321-323.

猜你喜歡
放化療單抗生存率
FOLFOXIRI聯合貝伐單抗±阿替利珠單抗治療轉移性結直腸癌
醫(yī)院靜配中心曲妥珠單抗剩余液信息化管理與成效
中醫(yī)飲食干預在改善腫瘤聯合放化療患者營養(yǎng)不良的應用效果觀察
乳腺癌根治術患者放化療前后甲狀腺功能變化情況及其臨床意義
司庫奇尤單抗注射液
“五年生存率”不等于只能活五年
影響胃癌術后5 年生存率的因素分析
人工智能助力卵巢癌生存率預測
腸內營養(yǎng)支持在放化療食管癌患者中的應用
PD1單抗市場競爭加劇 君實生物、信達生物搶得先機?