王文君 程秋實(shí)
[摘 要] 目的:分析甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn)并發(fā)甲亢性心臟病的危險(xiǎn)因素,總結(jié)防治對(duì)策。方法:80例甲亢性心臟病患者作為A組,65例單純甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn)患者作為B組。比較兩組患者年齡、性別、病程、個(gè)人史、實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查結(jié)果等臨床資料,運(yùn)用Logistic多因素回歸分析,總結(jié)影響甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn)并發(fā)甲亢性心臟病的危險(xiǎn)因素,探討高危患者判別依據(jù)及干預(yù)策略。結(jié)果:年齡≥60歲、病程≥6個(gè)月、FT4≥35 pmol/L是影響甲亢并發(fā)甲亢性心臟病的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:應(yīng)重視高齡、病程較長及高水平血清FT4者甲亢病情的控制。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn);甲亢性心臟??;危險(xiǎn)因素
中圖分類號(hào):R581 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A 文章編號(hào):2095-5200(2017)05-043-03
DOI:10.11876/mimt201705018
Analysis of risk factors of hyperthyroid heart disease complicated with hyperthyroidism WANG Wenjun, CHENG Qiushi. (Department of Endocrinology,Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266000, china)
[Abstract] Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the risk factors of hyperthyroid heart disease complicated with hyperthyroidism and to summarize countermeasures of prevention and cure. Methods: A total sample of 145 patients were selected as objects of study including 80 patients with hyperthyroid heart disease as A group and 65 patients with simple hyperthyroidism as group B. The clinical data were compared between the two groups in age, gender, disease duration, personal history and laboratory examination results, and Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used, in order to summarize the risk factors of hyperthyroid heart disease complicated with hyperthyroidism and to explore the distinguish basis and intervention strategy of high-risk patients. Results: Age≥60, disease duration≥6 months and FT4≥35 pmol/L were independent risk factors of hyperthyroid heart disease complicated with hyperthyroidism (P<0.05). Conclusions: Attention should be paid to the control of hyperthyroidism patients with advanced age, longer course and high levels of serum FT4.
[Key words] hyperthyroidism; hyperthyroid heart disease; risk factors
甲亢患者常伴有心率加快、心肌收縮力增強(qiáng)、全血容量容量增加、外周血管阻力降低等病理生理改變[1],心血管系統(tǒng)處于高動(dòng)力狀態(tài),加之過量甲狀腺激素對(duì)心臟的直接毒性作用,均導(dǎo)致甲亢患者心臟疾病發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高[2]。甲亢性心臟病約占甲亢患者的10%~20%,患者往往病程較長、年齡較大[3]。因此,在注重甲亢性心臟病早期診斷的前提下,進(jìn)一步明確甲亢性心臟病的危險(xiǎn)因素、預(yù)防甲亢向甲亢性心臟病進(jìn)展,對(duì)于改善患者預(yù)后及生存質(zhì)量均具有重要意義。為此,本研究選取145例患者進(jìn)行了對(duì)照分析,現(xiàn)予報(bào)道。
1 對(duì)象與方法
我院2015年1月至2017年1月就診患者中發(fā)生甲亢性心臟病的80例患者作為A組,同期65例單純甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn)[4]患者作為B組。A組患者合并心臟增大、心律失常、心肌缺血或心力衰竭等癥狀且甲亢控制后心臟異常癥狀緩解,明確甲亢性心臟病診斷[5],排除合并其他原因所致心臟疾病者、臨床及實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查資料不完整者以及合并惡性腫瘤患者。
整理兩組患者病歷資料并抽取其停藥7 d次日清晨空腹靜脈血,化學(xué)發(fā)光法檢測(cè)其血清游離三碘甲狀腺素原氨酸(FT3)、游離甲狀腺素(FT4)水平;正常參考范圍[6]:FT3:3~9 pmol/L;FT4:2.4~15.4 pmol/L。對(duì)所有數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS 18.0進(jìn)行分析,單因素分析對(duì)比兩組患者臨床資料,將存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異的資料納入Logistic多因素回歸分析,總結(jié)影響甲亢患者并發(fā)甲亢性心臟病的相關(guān)因素。
2 結(jié)果
兩組患者年齡、病程及FT3、FT4比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
將存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異的單因素分析指標(biāo)進(jìn)行Logistic多因素回歸分析得出年齡≥60歲、病程≥6個(gè)月、FT4≥35 pmol/L是影響甲亢并發(fā)甲亢性心臟病的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。endprint
3 討論
甲狀腺疾病尤其是甲亢的發(fā)病率近年呈上升趨勢(shì)[7]。隨著年齡的增長,機(jī)體功能的逐漸退化伴隨著心肌細(xì)胞纖維化的進(jìn)展,此時(shí)心肌膠原含量上升,心肌細(xì)胞對(duì)甲狀腺激素的耐受度不足,故過量甲狀腺激素水平可造成心臟負(fù)荷加重、心肌損害加劇[8-10]。甲亢是一種消耗性疾病,故患者病程越長,機(jī)體整體狀態(tài)越差,加之長時(shí)間高濃度甲狀腺激素對(duì)心臟產(chǎn)生的不良影響[11-12],患者心臟受損風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高、心功能不全發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著上升。因此,本組患者隨著年齡、病程的增加并發(fā)甲亢性心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)顯著上升。
甲亢發(fā)生后,心肌細(xì)胞Na+-K+-ATP酶活性增強(qiáng),Na+外流、K+內(nèi)流明顯,心肌細(xì)胞正常電生理平衡打破,此時(shí)心肌細(xì)胞對(duì)外周組織FT4的降解能力顯著下降,而過量的FT4可直接作用于傳導(dǎo)系統(tǒng),引發(fā)心肌和傳導(dǎo)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)淋巴細(xì)胞浸潤,嚴(yán)重時(shí)可導(dǎo)致灶性壞死或纖維化,造成各類傳導(dǎo)阻滯的發(fā)生[13-14]。此外,有學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn),大量FT4還可使交感神經(jīng)張力上升、心肌細(xì)胞膜β受體數(shù)量增加,此時(shí)心肌細(xì)胞對(duì)兒茶酚胺的敏感性急劇上升、心肌耗氧量大幅增加,心動(dòng)過速發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也隨之上升[15]。
既往有學(xué)者就單純甲亢患者與甲亢性心臟病患者心臟結(jié)構(gòu)和功能指標(biāo)進(jìn)行對(duì)比發(fā)現(xiàn)甲亢性心臟病患者處于明顯的收縮壓增高和脈壓差增大狀態(tài)[16]。也有研究指出,甲亢性心臟病患者血清總膽固醇、甘油三酯水平顯著下降,其原因可能與過量甲狀腺激素所致體脂動(dòng)員、合成和分解加速有關(guān)[17]。因此,在甲亢性心臟病的治療中,可關(guān)注心肌細(xì)胞功能的改善以及血脂水平的調(diào)控。
對(duì)于尚未進(jìn)展至甲亢性心臟病的患者,建議早期識(shí)別其高齡、長病程、高FT4濃度等危險(xiǎn)因素,篩選高?;颊卟⒆⒅爻曅膭?dòng)圖檢查的定期開展、甲狀腺激素水平的調(diào)控,做到甲亢性心臟病的早預(yù)防、早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早治療,降低甲亢性心臟病發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。在甲亢的治療藥物中,碘劑(131I)不僅治療效果顯著優(yōu)于β受體阻滯劑、利尿劑等抗甲狀腺藥物,而且在調(diào)節(jié)甲狀腺激素水平、降低甲狀腺激素對(duì)心臟毒性等方面也具有確切作用[18],值得作為甲亢以及甲亢性心臟病的首選治療藥物。
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