王騏,肖正安,王懷興
?
無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)中基于“?覆蓋問題”的多項(xiàng)式時(shí)間算法
王騏,肖正安,王懷興
(湖北第二師范學(xué)院物理與機(jī)電工程學(xué)院,湖北 武漢 430205)
無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò);?覆蓋問題;擴(kuò)展圓盤;相鄰分界線;多項(xiàng)式時(shí)間算法
圖1 ?違反值和?支持值示意
圖2 大于的“2?違反”路徑
同理可得定理2。
圖3 子區(qū)域及其分界線
由于這段弧是由兩個(gè)相鄰子區(qū)域相交的公共部分,分屬的兩個(gè)子區(qū)域的覆蓋度可能不相同,所以根據(jù)定義5來計(jì)算這段弧的覆蓋度就會(huì)產(chǎn)生矛盾[11]。為此特做以下定義。
圖4 內(nèi)弧和外弧
定義7 (相鄰分界線)如果兩段分界線(內(nèi)弧、外弧或邊界線)具有公共點(diǎn),那么稱這兩段分界線為相鄰分界線。
根據(jù)定義7,由于同一段弧的內(nèi)弧和外弧具有無限多個(gè)共同點(diǎn),因此它們互為相鄰弧。當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)兩段分界線具有相同交點(diǎn)或切點(diǎn)時(shí),它們互為相鄰分界線,如圖3所示。由于子區(qū)域可看成是由若干相鄰分界線形成的,因此,這些分界線具有和子區(qū)域相同的覆蓋度。
Procedure:/*計(jì)算所有的分界線,并且判定兩段分界線是否為相鄰分界線
input: 傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)集{1,2,…, s},圓半徑
output: 分界線集{1,2,…, bor}
for1 to
計(jì)算disk和所有其他圓或邊界線的交點(diǎn)或切點(diǎn)
for 圓周線上的每對(duì)相鄰交點(diǎn)或切點(diǎn)
定義分界線bor
劃分bor為內(nèi)弧和外弧
for 平面邊界線上的每對(duì)相鄰交點(diǎn)或切點(diǎn)
定義分界線bor
/*計(jì)算每段分界線的覆蓋度
for 每段分界線bor
switch(分界線類型)
casebor為邊界線的一部分
選取點(diǎn)poi∈bor
計(jì)算點(diǎn)poi的范圍內(nèi)傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量
casebor為一段外弧
選取點(diǎn)poi∈bor
計(jì)算點(diǎn)poi的范圍內(nèi)傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量,不包括poi所屬圓的中心節(jié)點(diǎn)
casebor為一段內(nèi)弧
選取點(diǎn)poi∈bor
計(jì)算點(diǎn)poi的范圍內(nèi)傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量,包括poi所屬圓的中心節(jié)點(diǎn)
/*判定兩段分界線是否互為相鄰分界線
set 所有分界線為非相鄰分界線
for 每個(gè)交點(diǎn)或切點(diǎn)poi
ifpoi為bor和bor的端點(diǎn)
setbor和bor為相鄰分界線
end
input: 邊界線集合{1,2,…,},∈,∈
output: 布爾變量結(jié)果值
if()≥或() ≥
= 0
return
取消所有分界線的標(biāo)記
標(biāo)記/*起始于
list=
tree=
while(非空)
從鏈表頭選取分界線
從鏈表刪除分界線
for相鄰的每段分界線
if()
標(biāo)記
在樹上將作為的孩子
在鏈表尾增加
if被標(biāo)記
= 1
return
else
= 0
return
end
set/*設(shè)定搜索空間的上限值
set/*設(shè)定搜索空間的下限值
set/*設(shè)定迭代次數(shù)
for= 1 to
= (+)2
{1,2,…,}=() /*調(diào)用函數(shù)(,)計(jì)算所有的分界線
if= 1
=
else
end
上限值和下限值可根據(jù)平面維度以及傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)的密度來設(shè)定。每次迭代將使搜索空間減半,例如,如果搜索空間(||)的值為1 000,經(jīng)過10次迭代可得到結(jié)果,且誤差小于1。一般情況下,10~20次迭代可足以確保結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性[15]。
圖5 k?違反的最大值
圖6 k?支持的最小值
對(duì)比圖5和圖6,可得到以下結(jié)論。
? 當(dāng)傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)數(shù)量相同時(shí),?支持的最小值要遠(yuǎn)大于?違反的最大值??梢宰C明,任何情況下,?支持的最小值均不會(huì)小于?違反的最大值。
本文分別闡述了最差和最佳?覆蓋問題,并基于擴(kuò)展圓盤的幾何圖形提出了一系列的定義和定理,將?覆蓋問題轉(zhuǎn)化成了尋找相鄰分界線的問題,提出了解決此問題的多項(xiàng)式時(shí)間算法。
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Polynomial time algorithm for solving-coverageproblem in wireless sensor networks
WANG Qi, XIAO Zheng’an, WANG Huaixing
School of Physics and Electromechanical Engineering, Hubei University of Education, Wuhan 430205, China
How to solve the-coverage problem, which was divided into worst-case and best-case, inside the two-dimensional target area in wireless sensor networks was explored, and a polynomial time algorithm for solving this problem was put forward. In this algorithm, a series of definitions and theorems were proposed based on the geometric graph of growing disks, and the-coverage problem was transformed into one of finding a series of adjacent borders. The simulation results show that the algorithm could compute the optimal-breach path and-support path in polynomial time, so as to avoid or select the network coverage reasonably.
wireless sensor network,-coverage problem, growing disk, adjacent border, polynomial time algorithm
TN918.91
A
10.11959/j.issn.1000?0801.2017287
2017?07?20;
2017?09?30
湖北省高等學(xué)校優(yōu)秀中青年科技創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(No.T201417)
Hubei Provincial Department of Education Research Program (No.T201417)
王騏(1970?),男,博士,湖北第二師范學(xué)院物理與機(jī)電工程學(xué)院副教授,主要研究方向?yàn)闊o線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全、嵌入式系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用。
肖正安(1974?),男,湖北第二師范學(xué)院物理與機(jī)電工程學(xué)院講師,主要研究方向?yàn)閳D像數(shù)字信號(hào)處理。
王懷興(1977?),男,湖北第二師范學(xué)院物理與機(jī)電工程學(xué)院副教授,主要研究方向?yàn)榍度胂到y(tǒng)應(yīng)用。