建筑設(shè)計：MVRDV

Architects: MVRDV

鹿特丹市集住宅，鹿特丹，荷蘭
Market Hall, Rotterdam, the Netherland, 2014

建筑設(shè)計：MVRDV

Architects: MVRDV

1 鳥瞰/Aerial view

受到斯德哥爾摩、巴塞羅那和巴倫西亞食品市場的啟發(fā)，市集住宅成為了荷蘭第一個帶頂蓋的食品市場。市集住宅的屋頂是一個容納了228間公寓的拱形結(jié)構(gòu)，內(nèi)部含1200個停車位和一座超市。這種將市場和住宅相結(jié)合的新模式將在鹿特丹正式首演。位于鹿特丹市中心的市集住宅，預(yù)計每年吸引4.5萬～7萬人次。由荷蘭MVRDV建筑與城市規(guī)劃事務(wù)所設(shè)計歷時5年完成。

食品是這座市集住宅建筑的核心要素。在這個挑高達(dá)40m的拱形結(jié)構(gòu)之下，顧客可以在這里購物、吃飯，在露臺上泡吧、居住和停車。市集住宅坐落于鹿特丹市中心的勞倫斯廣場，這座歷史悠久的廣場目前正在重建中。按照市議會的規(guī)劃，市集住宅的落成將為勞倫斯廣場注入更多的活力，使其成為鹿特丹市中心一片熱鬧繁華的街區(qū)。

為了吸引大量游客，建筑設(shè)計采用開放的形式。同時，為了防雨和防寒，拱形兩向立面的開口需閉合，并采用網(wǎng)格式單層玻璃幕墻以保證最大程度的視覺通透。與網(wǎng)球拍的構(gòu)造同理，幕墻采用預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼索編織而成的網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)，玻璃板就懸掛在網(wǎng)格上面。這是歐洲范圍內(nèi)規(guī)模最大的鋼索幕墻。

作為全球首例市場與住宅相結(jié)合的建筑，這座市集住宅無疑成為了荷蘭鹿特丹市的新地標(biāo)。它共有228間公寓，其中102間用作出租、126間出售（含24間頂樓復(fù)式）。公寓面積在80～300m2之間，臥室數(shù)量2～5間不等。每間公寓都具有開闊的視野，對外面向馬斯河或面向勞倫斯教堂，對內(nèi)則可透過窗戶或玻璃地板看到市場上的動態(tài)，同時不受市場內(nèi)聲音或氣味的影響。□

2 總平面/Site plan

3 圖解/Diagram

4 外景/Exterior view

5 內(nèi)景/Interior view

項目信息/Credits and Data

業(yè)主/Client: Provast Nederland bv, The Hague, The Netherlands

設(shè)計團隊/Design Team: Winy Maas, Jacob van Rijs and Nathalie de Vries with Renske van der Stoep, Anton Wubben, Marc Joubert, Sven Thorissen, Monica Freundt,Laura Grillo, Joeri Horstink, Tadas Jonauskis, Diana Lopez,Gijs Rikken, Elsbeth Ronner, Yvo そijssen, Johnny Tsang,Anet Schurink, Jeroen Zuidgeest, Michele Olcese, Laura Grillo, Ivo van Capelleveen

合作建筑師/Co-architect: INBO, Woudenberg, Netherlands

結(jié)構(gòu)/Structure: Royal Haskoning DHV, The Hague,Netherlands

服務(wù)與音響/Services & Acoustics: Peutz & Associes,Zoetermeer, Netherlands

裝置/Installations: Techniplan, Netherlands

玻璃幕墻/Glass Fa?ade: Octatube, Rotterdam, Netherlands地上承建商/Above Ground Contractor: J. P. van Eesteren

地下承建商/Below Ground Contractor: Mobilis and Martens en Van Oord, Netherlands

藝術(shù)設(shè)計/Artwork: Arno Coenen and Iris Roskam

功能/Program: 228間公寓，100個生鮮制作攤位，食品零售單元，準(zhǔn)備及冷卻區(qū)，超市，1200個停車位/228 apartments, 100 fresh market produce stalls, food related retail units, preparation and cooling space, supermarket,1200 parking spaces

面積/Size: 100,000m2

預(yù)算/Budget: € 175,000,000

周期/Year: 2004-2014

攝影/Photos: Wonen Winkelen, Ossip van Duivenbode,Scagliola Brakkee

6 首層平面/Ground fl oor plan

7 地下一層平面/Floor B1 plan

Market Hall is the first covered food market of the Netherlands, drawing inspiration from food markets in Stockholm, Barcelona and Valencia. The roof of Market Hall is an arch accommodating 228 apartments, underneath the hall are 1200 parking spaces and a supermarket. The combination of market hall and housing is a new typology. Market Hall, located in Rotterdam's city centre, is expected to attract 4.5 to 7 million visitors each year. The construction of Market Hall, a design by architecture and urban planning fi rm MVRDV, took fi ve years to be completed.

Food and all its aspects are the core elements of Market Hall. Visitors will be able to shop, eat,enjoy a drink on the terrace, live and park their car,all underneath the tall arch of 40 metres height and width. Market Hall is located in the city centre of Rotterdam, in the historic Laurens Quarter which is currently being redeveloped. The project is part of the ambition of the city council to turn the Laurens Quarter into a lively and bustling area.

In order to attract a large number of visitors,the building is designed with an open character. The open sides had to be closed to prevent rain and cold from entering, but kept as transparent as possible by opting for a single glazed cable net fa?ade.Comparable to a tennis racket, pre-stressed steel cables create a suspended net in-between which the glass panes are hung. Market Hall's cable net fa?ade is the largest of its kind in Europe and flexible to withstand heavy storms.

Markhal makes Rotterdam home of a new urban typology, a hybrid of market and housing.Markthal comprises of 102 rental- and 126 freehold apartments among which 24 are penthouses. The apartments vary from 80m2 to 300m2 arranging from two to five bedrooms. Every apartment has a view either towards the river Maas or the Laurens Church,and towards the market through windows or a glass fl oor made of sound and smell proof triple glazing.□

8 八層平面/7th fl oor plan

9 十一層平面/10th fl oor plan

10 內(nèi)景/Interior view

11 剖面/Sections

12 剖面/Sections

評論

胡戎叡：該建筑的核心內(nèi)容是位于中央的高大的市場大廳空間，大廳兩端分別設(shè)有3個大門，這些大門均勻分布、不分主次，與市場這種公共商業(yè)空間的性格比較吻合。市場大廳內(nèi)壁和頂部覆蓋著色彩絢麗的壁畫，兩端是歐洲最大的索網(wǎng)玻璃幕墻，保證室內(nèi)空間視覺上的通透性非常重要。因此，該建筑采用了“有入口空間而無獨立門廳”的方式，即在大廳中將攤位適當(dāng)后退來形成與大門之間的緩沖區(qū)域，并以此作為入口空間。這樣，既滿足人員集散之需，又為大廳觀景留出了欣賞距離。通過弱化入口空間的限定因素，最大限度地減少了對觀賞室內(nèi)景觀的視線阻隔，人們一進(jìn)入大廳，由拱頂壁畫、各色攤位等元素組成的室內(nèi)景觀便可盡收眼底、一覽無余。

胡恒：一面超大的巴西利卡式圓筒內(nèi)壁，就能將居住、辦公、市集聯(lián)系起來。MVRDV真是概念操作的高手。只是這個市集并不純粹。它擺擺水果花卉尚可，生鮮肉類水產(chǎn)顯然就不太適合了。所以MVRDV狡猾地偷換了概念。其實它只是兩個普通的商住綜合體圍著一個隨處可見的餐飲廣場。設(shè)計者加了個圓筒頂蓋，再連兩個內(nèi)墻一齊畫上炫目圖案，僅此而已。那面科幻片風(fēng)格的內(nèi)壁也沒什么特別，就像古代圓筒空間的壁畫一樣。區(qū)別在于，古代壁畫是為了創(chuàng)造出輝煌的神性空間，而這面科幻彩繪則是為了遮掩其概念內(nèi)核的平淡。

13 內(nèi)景/Interior views

14 內(nèi)景/Interior views

15 內(nèi)景/Interior views

Comments

HU Rongrui: The core content of this building is the high market hall in the centre. There are 3 doors at both ends of the hall. These doors are evenly distributed and without any ranking of importance, which is in agreement with the characteristics of public commercial spaces like this market. The interior walls and ceiling of the market hall are covered with colourful murals, and on the two ends are the largest cable net glass curtain walls in Europe. It's very important to ensure the visual transparency through the indoor space. Therefore,the building used a way of "entrance space without independent vestibules", that is, pulling the stalls in the hall back a certain distance to form a buffering area between them and the doors, and using it as the entrance space. In this way, not only the requirements of personnel distribution are ful fi lled, but the distance for appreciating the view of the hall is also kept. By weakening the defining factors of the entrance space,the sight obstructions when looking at the indoor view were minimised. When people enter the hall, the interior landscape consisting of dome murals, colourful stalls and other elements can be inside their view at the fi rst glance. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)

HU Heng: A large Basilica style cylindrical inner wall can connect living, working and market shopping.MVRDV is really a master of conceptual manipulation.But this market is not pure. It may be enough for selling fruits and fl owers, but fresh meat and aquatic products are obviously not suitable. So MVRDV cunningly replaced the concept. In fact, it's just two ordinary commercial-residential complex surrounding a food Plaza that can be found everywhere. The designer only added a cylindrical upper structure, and then painted dazzling patterns on it and two interior walls, that's all. There is nothing special about the scifi styled inner wall, just like the murals in the ancient cylindrical space. The difference is that the ancient murals are designed to create a brilliant divinity space,and this sci- fi painting is to cover the dullness of core concept. (Translated by CHEN Yuxiao)