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FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子在豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控

2017-12-18 09:11:02張愛玲孫顯月盧孝璋吳琦李加琪張豪
關(guān)鍵詞:位點(diǎn)載體調(diào)控

張愛玲,孫顯月,盧孝璋,吳琦,李加琪,張豪

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FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子在豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控

張愛玲1, 2,孫顯月2,盧孝璋2,吳琦2,李加琪2,張豪2

(1廣東高校應(yīng)用生態(tài)工程技術(shù)開發(fā)中心/廣東第二師范學(xué)院生物與食品工程學(xué)院廣州 510310;2華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)動(dòng)物科學(xué)學(xué)院/廣東省農(nóng)業(yè) 動(dòng)物基因組學(xué)與分子育種重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,廣州510642)

分析豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子轉(zhuǎn)錄活性區(qū)域,并檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子NFκB對(duì)啟動(dòng)子活性及豬FAM213B基因表達(dá)影響,為深入了解FAM213B基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控機(jī)制影響前列腺素合成、母豬妊娠等繁殖活動(dòng)奠定基礎(chǔ)。采集卵泡期子宮,分離子宮內(nèi)膜上皮組織,經(jīng)膠原酶方法獲得豬原代子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞,用于豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子活性檢測(cè)。參照筆者所在課題組前期研究獲得的豬FAM213B基因mRNA全序列(GenBank登錄號(hào):KX444503)以及5¢調(diào)控區(qū)序列(GenBank登錄號(hào):100134955),通過PCR擴(kuò)增豬FAM213B基因較長(zhǎng)啟動(dòng)子序列,并進(jìn)行測(cè)序鑒定;在此基礎(chǔ)上,PCR擴(kuò)增帶有I和I限制性酶切位點(diǎn)的FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子7個(gè)5'端缺失片段,并通過雙熒光素酶報(bào)告基因載體系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子7個(gè)不同的5'端缺失載體。將7個(gè)載體經(jīng)無內(nèi)毒素處理后與pRL-TK質(zhì)粒用陽離子脂質(zhì)體法一起轉(zhuǎn)染豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞,用雙熒光素酶報(bào)告基因系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行Luciferase活性檢測(cè),比較各啟動(dòng)子片段轉(zhuǎn)錄活性。生物信息學(xué)分析FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子潛在轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn),通過ChIP試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子與潛在轉(zhuǎn)錄因子NFκB的相互作用。構(gòu)建NFκB1和RelA的超表達(dá)載體,化學(xué)合成NFκB1和RelA的干擾siRNA片段,分別轉(zhuǎn)染豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞,通過雙熒光素酶報(bào)告基因系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行Luciferase活性檢測(cè)和熒光定量PCR分別檢測(cè)超表達(dá)和干擾表達(dá)NFκB1和RelA對(duì)豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子活性和mRNA表達(dá)影響。PCR和測(cè)序獲得豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子長(zhǎng)度為 2 261 bp(-2178/+83)。生物信息學(xué)預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果表明豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)存在潛在的CREB、CCAAT增強(qiáng)子結(jié)合蛋白、E-box因子的結(jié)合位點(diǎn),炎性因子NFκB潛在結(jié)合位點(diǎn)分別位于-1143/-1132和-664/-655區(qū)間。啟動(dòng)子報(bào)告基因活性檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明:重組載體P2(-1352/+30)熒光活性最高,極顯著高于P1(-1 760/+30)(<0.01),在-1 760/-1 352區(qū)域存在負(fù)調(diào)控元件;而P2顯著高于P3(-919/+30)(<0.05),表明在-1 352/- 919區(qū)域存在正調(diào)控元件;P3(-919/+30)活性極顯著高于P4(-604/+80)(<0.01),表明在-919/-604區(qū)域存在正調(diào)控元件;P4、P5、P6和P7活性差異不顯著,-1352/-919區(qū)域?yàn)楹诵膯?dòng)子區(qū),-1352/-604對(duì)于維持該啟動(dòng)子較高轉(zhuǎn)錄活性起著重要的作用。ChIP結(jié)果表明啟動(dòng)子區(qū)-1143/-1132存在NFκB1結(jié)合位點(diǎn),-664/-655存在RelA結(jié)合位點(diǎn)。超表達(dá)載體pcDNA3.1-NFκB1與P2(-1352/+30)啟動(dòng)子片段重組載體共轉(zhuǎn)染豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞后,P2啟動(dòng)子活性極顯著高于對(duì)照組(<0.01),pcDNA3.1-NFκB1載體單獨(dú)轉(zhuǎn)染豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞后FAM213B基因mRNA表達(dá)量顯著高于對(duì)照組(<0.05);超表達(dá)載體pcDNA3.1-RelA與P3(-919/+30)啟動(dòng)子片段重組體共轉(zhuǎn)染豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞,P3啟動(dòng)子活性極顯著低于對(duì)照組(<0.05),pcDNA3.1-RelA載體單獨(dú)轉(zhuǎn)染豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞后,F(xiàn)AM213B基因的mRNA表達(dá)量顯著低于對(duì)照組。轉(zhuǎn)染NFκB1和RelA的siRNA片段干擾片段,F(xiàn)AM213B基因啟動(dòng)子活性和mRNA表達(dá)量則表現(xiàn)與超表達(dá)相反的結(jié)果。獲得了豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子核心啟動(dòng)子序列為-1352/-919區(qū)域,NFκB是FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,NFκB成員NFκB1和RelA在豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞中對(duì)FAM213B基因的表達(dá)起調(diào)控作用。

豬;FAM213B基因;啟動(dòng)子;NFκB;子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞

0 引言

【研究意義】FAM213B (family with sequence similarity 213, member B,又稱為前列腺酰胺合成酶 (prostamide F synthas,PGFS),屬于硫氧還蛋白超家族(the thioredoxin-like superfamily)成員[1],能夠催化前列腺素PG生成過程中間產(chǎn)物PGH2向花生四烯酸酯或者前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2)的轉(zhuǎn)變;FAM213B也能夠直接催化PGH2生成PGF2a[2],因此FAM213B具有雙重的催化作用。PGF2α是一種溶解黃體因子[3],而PGE2則能夠抑制黃體溶解[4-5],PGE2/PGF2α須受到嚴(yán)格控制,恰當(dāng)?shù)谋壤S持著母豬的發(fā)情周期和妊娠[6-7]。FAM213B基因表達(dá)調(diào)控必須受到較精確的調(diào)控,才能發(fā)揮其生理功能。轉(zhuǎn)錄水平是基因表達(dá)調(diào)控的重要方式,啟動(dòng)子決定了基因表達(dá)的時(shí)空特異性以及表達(dá)量的高低。因此,對(duì)豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)錄活性研究,并確定其特異轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,對(duì)于揭示其調(diào)控PG合成以及在母豬妊娠、發(fā)情等繁殖活動(dòng)的生理功能具有重要的意義?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】哺乳動(dòng)物前列腺素PG的合成離不開前列腺酰胺合成酶PGFS。PGFS有三種同工酶,PGFS I、PGFS II屬于醛酮還原酶(aldo-keto reductase,AKR)超家族,F(xiàn)AM213B則屬于硫氧還蛋白樣超家族(Thioredoxin-like,Trx-like superfamily)成員[1]。作為一種氧化還原酶,F(xiàn)AM213B在NADPH作為質(zhì)子供體情況下,能直接將PGH2作為底物一步合成PGF2α,并且FAM213B合成PGF2α效果優(yōu)于其他PGFS酶,這種現(xiàn)象較早在小鼠和豬大腦及脊髓中發(fā)現(xiàn),并推測(cè)在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)起著重要的作用[8]。在PG生成過程中,PGH2、PGE2與PGF2a均是重要的中間產(chǎn)物。在FAM213B的作用下,前列腺素H2(prostaglandin H2,PGH2)可以生成PGE2,也可以由PGH2直接生成PGF2a[2]。雖然PGH2生成PGE2也受到了其他相關(guān)酶類催化,如PTGES[9]、PTGS2[10-11]等,但是FAM213B的調(diào)控作用研究并不多見。PG成員眾多,不同的成員具有不同的生物學(xué)功能,在動(dòng)物繁殖過程中起主要調(diào)節(jié)作用是PGE2和PGF2α[6]。令人感興趣的現(xiàn)象是PGE2和PGF2α具有相反的生理功能,如PGF2α是一種溶解黃體因子[3],而PGE2則能夠抑制黃體溶解[4-5]。所以,為了避免PGF2α在妊娠建立時(shí)對(duì)卵巢黃體的溶黃作用,子宮PGF2α的分泌由內(nèi)分泌轉(zhuǎn)為外分泌,即由分泌至子宮靜脈改為直接分泌至子宮腔中[12]。此外,孕體和子宮內(nèi)膜在附植前能合成大量的PGE2,早期妊娠中子宮分泌的PGE2多于PGF2α[13]。由于PGF2α由PGE2轉(zhuǎn)化而來,在母豬妊娠階段,具有黃體保護(hù)作用的PGE2和溶黃作用的PGF2α維持適當(dāng)?shù)膶?duì)妊娠的建立和維持具有重要的作用[14],如較高比例的PGE2:PGF2α有利于母豬妊娠的建立和維持、保持高產(chǎn)仔數(shù)等[15]??梢钥闯?,在母豬妊階段,PGE2、PGF2α的生成量、生成位置受到了嚴(yán)格調(diào)控。那么,作為催化PGE2生成PGF2α的酶,以及作為催化PGH2直接生成PGF2α的酶,F(xiàn)AM213B的催化作用在這個(gè)過程中起著非常重要的作用,F(xiàn)AM213B也可能受到嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)控制進(jìn)而控制PGE2/PGF2α的比例,但是目前關(guān)于豬FAM213B相關(guān)研究還較鮮見?!颈狙芯壳腥朦c(diǎn)】可以看出,由于PGE2/PGF2α的比例、生成部位在母豬妊娠階段均會(huì)發(fā)生變化,那么是不是FAM213B的時(shí)空表達(dá)也與此一致。鑒于此,對(duì)豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)錄活性和結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的研究,有望揭示FAM213B基因的表達(dá)規(guī)律,也為深入揭示PG生成的復(fù)雜的催化機(jī)制提供依據(jù)。前期課題組通過高通量測(cè)序技術(shù)對(duì)長(zhǎng)大二元雜交母豬和二花臉豬懷孕12 d的子宮內(nèi)膜轉(zhuǎn)錄組進(jìn)行分析比較,發(fā)現(xiàn)FAM213B基因在兩者子宮內(nèi)膜存在表達(dá)差異[16],可能是母豬產(chǎn)仔數(shù)相關(guān)候選基因。并且前期已經(jīng)通過RACE技術(shù)獲得豬FAM213B基因mRNA和啟動(dòng)子序列[17],因此在此基礎(chǔ)上將開展本研究工作。【擬解決的關(guān)鍵問題】分析豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子在豬子宮內(nèi)膜中的轉(zhuǎn)錄活性及其核心轉(zhuǎn)錄區(qū),并確定其特異的結(jié)合轉(zhuǎn)錄因子及結(jié)合位點(diǎn)。

1 材料與方法

試驗(yàn)工作于2013年6月至2015年6月在廣東省農(nóng)業(yè)動(dòng)物基因組學(xué)與分子育種重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室完成。

1.1 材料

用于提取DNA的耳組織以及轉(zhuǎn)染用豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞,來源于長(zhǎng)大雜交母豬(LL),樣品采自廣東陽江某豬場(chǎng)。用于進(jìn)行ChIP的子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞來源于懷孕12d 母豬子宮內(nèi)膜。

大腸桿菌DH5α感受態(tài)細(xì)胞和pMD -20T Vector(含T4 DNA連接酶)購(gòu)自TaKaRa公司,pGL-3 Basic Vector、pRL-TK Vector以及限制性內(nèi)切酶購(gòu)自Promega公司。DL2000分子量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、DNA凝膠回收試劑盒、DNA聚合酶、dNTPs等購(gòu)自廣東東盛生物技術(shù)公司。無內(nèi)毒素質(zhì)粒小提試劑盒購(gòu)自O(shè)MEGA公司。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞的培養(yǎng) 采集卵泡期子宮,低溫狀態(tài)下迅速帶回實(shí)驗(yàn)室。剪取子宮內(nèi)膜上皮組織于含有雙抗的PBS中,漂洗數(shù)次。用眼科剪將子宮內(nèi)膜上皮組織剪成1 mm3大小,加入2倍體積的0.1%膠原酶I,37℃水浴搖床消化,每隔半小時(shí)混搖一次。2.5 h后加入等體積的的終止液(含10% FBS的DMEM/F12)。把消化液和終止液的混合液用150 μm(100目)細(xì)胞篩過濾,吸取濾液至離心管中,500 r/min離心5 min,然后再經(jīng)過1 000 r/min離心5 min和PBS重懸,計(jì)數(shù)沉淀細(xì)胞,以2×105個(gè)細(xì)胞/mL接種于細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)瓶中,于37℃、5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱中靜置培養(yǎng)。

在接種后24 h左右原代細(xì)胞貼壁,經(jīng)過3—5 d達(dá)到90%融合。此時(shí),吸出培養(yǎng)液,用PBS漂洗2次后,加入0.25%胰蛋白酶消化3—5 min。待大部分細(xì)胞變圓時(shí),加入等體積終止液,輕輕吹打數(shù)次。將細(xì)胞懸液轉(zhuǎn)移至離心管中,1 000 r/min離心5 min后棄上清,再加入5 mL PBS重懸細(xì)胞,1 000 r/min離心5 min后棄上清,接種于新的培養(yǎng)瓶繼續(xù)培養(yǎng),備用。

1.2.2 豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子5¢缺失片段報(bào)告基因重組載體的構(gòu)建與雙熒光素酶活性檢測(cè) 基因組DNA提取采用常規(guī)的酚-氯仿抽提法。參照本課題組獲得的豬FAM213B基因mRNA全序列(GenBank登錄號(hào):KX444503)以及5¢調(diào)控區(qū)序列(GenBank登錄號(hào):100134955),首先設(shè)計(jì)引物(表1引物:5′-FAM231B),引物由廣州英駿公司合成,下同。擴(kuò)增獲得豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)2 261 bp(-2178/+83),將此構(gòu)建至T載體,測(cè)序后,命名為T-FAM213B-P。設(shè)計(jì)7對(duì)引物(P1- P7),以T-FAM213B-P質(zhì)粒為模板,用于擴(kuò)增豬FAM213B基因不同的啟動(dòng)子片段,見表1。反應(yīng)程序?yàn)椋?8℃預(yù)變性1 min;98℃變性30 s,57—62℃退火30 s,72℃延伸0.5—2.5 min(根據(jù)PCR產(chǎn)物的長(zhǎng)度進(jìn)行調(diào)整,1 kb·min-1),循環(huán)數(shù)為33;72℃后延伸10 min。

將上述PCR擴(kuò)增獲得DNA片段用DNA凝膠回收試劑盒進(jìn)行回收純化后,用I和I進(jìn)行雙酶切,同時(shí)對(duì)pGL-Basic載體進(jìn)行酶切,酶切體系為:10×Buffer 10 μL,PCR產(chǎn)物或者載體50 μL,I和I各5 μL,ddH2O 30 μL,37℃反應(yīng)3 h。然后將雙酶切后的DNA片段和pGL-Basic載體分別回收純化后,各DNA片段分別與pGL-Basic載體進(jìn)行連接,連接反應(yīng)體系成分為:1 μL Ligation Buffer,2 μL pGL3- basic 載體雙酶切產(chǎn)物,6.8 μL各DNA片段,0.2 μL T4 DNA 連接酶,22℃保持4 h。將連接產(chǎn)物轉(zhuǎn)化大腸桿菌DH5α,涂布氨芐青霉素瓊脂平板,37℃過夜培養(yǎng),挑取單克隆進(jìn)行測(cè)序,陽性質(zhì)粒依次命名為P1、P2、P3、P4、P5、P6和P7。用OMEGA無內(nèi)毒素試劑盒提取構(gòu)建好的各個(gè)載體,與pRL-TK質(zhì)粒用陽離子脂質(zhì)體法轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞,48 h后,用雙熒光素酶報(bào)告基因系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行Luciferase活性檢測(cè),比較各啟動(dòng)子片段轉(zhuǎn)錄活性。

反應(yīng)體系為:10 μL SYBR /RoX qPCR Master Mix(2 x),上下游引物各0.6 μL(10 μmol·L-1),cDNA模板1 μL,補(bǔ)充滅菌雙蒸水7.8—20 μL。

1.2.3 CHIP試驗(yàn)證實(shí)豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子與轉(zhuǎn)錄因子NFκB相互作用 通過在線軟件(MatIspector (Search for IF binding siets:http://www. genomatix.de/;http://www.cbrc.jp/research/db/TFSEARCH. html)對(duì)豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子進(jìn)行生物信息學(xué)分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)啟動(dòng)子區(qū)域存在2個(gè)潛在的核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子NFκB(nuclear transcription factor κB, NFκB)結(jié)合位點(diǎn)。在此基礎(chǔ)上,通過ChIP試驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子與轉(zhuǎn)錄因子NFκB的相互作用,試驗(yàn)過程按染色質(zhì)免疫共沉淀試劑盒(EZ-CHIP,MILLIPORE)說明書操作,用于擴(kuò)增兩個(gè)結(jié)合位點(diǎn)的引物見表1:CHIP-NFκB1和CHIP-RelA引物。

1.2.4 轉(zhuǎn)錄因子NFκB對(duì)豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子的調(diào)控作用 根據(jù)NCBI公布的NFκB1(p50,前體為p105,Gene ID: 751869)和RelA(p65,Gene ID: 100135665)mRNA序列設(shè)計(jì)引物擴(kuò)增帶酶切位點(diǎn)的CDS片段,構(gòu)建超表達(dá)載體,引物序列見表1:pcDNA-NFκB1和pcDNA-RelA。以子宮內(nèi)膜組織mRNA為模板擴(kuò)增NFκB1和RelA的CDS序列,經(jīng)測(cè)序鑒定后連接至真核表達(dá)載體pcDNA3.1/mcy-His(-)B中,得到的載體分別命名為O-P-NFκB1和O-P-RelA。

根據(jù)GenBank上豬NFκB1(NM_001048232.1)和RelA(NM_001114281.1)基因已知序列,按siRNA序列設(shè)計(jì)原則,結(jié)合Ambion公司提供的網(wǎng)上在線設(shè)計(jì)工具進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì),設(shè)計(jì)NFκB1和RelA的siRNA引物。將siRNA序列進(jìn)行BLAST比對(duì),以確定和其它基因沒有同源性,由廣州銳博公司合成,引物序列見表1:siRNA-N1、siRNA-N2、siRNA-N3和siRNA-R1、siRNA-R2、siRNA-R3。干擾片段的轉(zhuǎn)染按Invitrogen公司的Lipofectamine? LTX and PLUS? Reagents試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行操作,轉(zhuǎn)染50 nmoL的siRNA片段。將siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞后48 h,PBS漂洗1次,抽提總RNA后進(jìn)行qRT-PCR檢測(cè)NFκB1和RelA的表達(dá)量(引物:q-NFκB1、q-RelA),驗(yàn)證siRNA的干擾效果,同時(shí)用qRT-PCR(SYBR Green Realtime PCR Mix)檢測(cè)siRNA干擾兩個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子后FAM213B基因表達(dá)情況(q-FAM213B)。本試驗(yàn)用于驗(yàn)證、NFκB表達(dá)量的熒光定量PCR的引物以及內(nèi)參基因的引物見表1,所用模板是長(zhǎng)大二元雜母豬子宮內(nèi)膜組織的cDNA。反應(yīng)體系為:10 μL SYBR /RoX qPCR Master Mix(2 x),上下游引物各0.6 μL(10 μmol·L-1),cDNA模板1 μL,補(bǔ)充滅菌雙蒸水7.8 μL至20 μL。反應(yīng)的條件為:預(yù)變性:94℃,5 min;變性:94℃,30 s,退火:60℃,30 s,延伸:72℃,30 s,循環(huán)數(shù)為40個(gè);后延伸:72℃,40 s。在PCR反應(yīng)的過程中,設(shè)置獲得熔解曲線的程序。樣品設(shè)置相同的閾值線,用CFX Manager軟件輸出擴(kuò)增的Ct值,在Excel表格中,采用2-ΔΔCt法分析組織相對(duì)表達(dá)量,選擇GADPH基因作為內(nèi)標(biāo)基因進(jìn)行均一化處理,以長(zhǎng)大二元雜母豬中作為參照因子分析超表達(dá)或干擾NFκB核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子后FAM213B基因的相對(duì)表達(dá)量,并且進(jìn)行-test檢驗(yàn)分析各組間是否存在顯著差異。

表1 豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子5¢缺失片段、ChIP、NFκB1和RelA超表達(dá)與干擾表達(dá)以及mRNA定量分析引物信息

下劃線表示保護(hù)堿基,斜體表示限制性酶切位點(diǎn),上游酶切位點(diǎn)I:,下游酶切位點(diǎn)I:;上游酶切位點(diǎn)I:下游酶切位點(diǎn)I:

Italic type: protective bases; Underline type:I (),I ()I()I ()

1.2.5 生物信息學(xué)常用網(wǎng)站 基因序列查詢:GenBank:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov;Ensembl:http://asia.ensembl.org/index.html;轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn)分析:MatInspector (http://www.genomatix.de/);PCR引物設(shè)計(jì)的軟件:primer5.0;核酸序列比對(duì)、拼接的軟件:DNASTAR、Vector NTI.10。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子5'缺失片段報(bào)告基因重組載體的構(gòu)建

將豬啟動(dòng)子區(qū)序列通過在線生物學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析,預(yù)測(cè)啟動(dòng)子區(qū)潛在的順式作用元件和結(jié)合反式作用因子,發(fā)現(xiàn)FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)存在潛在的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn)(圖1-A),如cAMP應(yīng)答元件結(jié)合蛋白(cAMP-response element binding protein, CREB)、CCAAT增強(qiáng)子結(jié)合蛋白(CCAAT/ enhancer binding protein, C/EBP)、E-box結(jié)合因子(E- box binding factors)、OCT-1(Octamer transcription factor-1)等因子的潛在結(jié)合位點(diǎn)。核因子κB (nuclear factor κB,NFκB)結(jié)合位點(diǎn)分別位于-1143/-1132和-664/-655區(qū)間,具體見圖1-B。根據(jù)在線預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果,擴(kuò)增啟動(dòng)子7個(gè)5'端缺失片段(大小見表1,P1-P7引物擴(kuò)增片段大?。?gòu)建報(bào)告基因重組載體,擴(kuò)增結(jié)果和重組載體的酶切鑒定結(jié)果見圖1-C、D。

M:DNA分子量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(DL5 000 Marker),從上到下依次為:5 000、3 000、2 000、1 500、1 000、750、500、250和100 bp. A:豬FAM213B 基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)重要順式作用元件及結(jié)合因子預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果;B:豬FAM213B 基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)NFκB1和RelA結(jié)合預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果;C:豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子各缺失片段擴(kuò)增結(jié)果(1-7);D:豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子各缺失片段重組載體雙酶切鑒定結(jié)果(1-7)

2.2 豬FAM213B基因5'缺失片段轉(zhuǎn)錄活性分析

培養(yǎng)豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞,采用瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)染方法,將豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子各缺失片重組載體分別轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞,同時(shí)共轉(zhuǎn)染內(nèi)參pGL-TK質(zhì)粒,啟動(dòng)子報(bào)告基因活性檢測(cè)結(jié)果見圖2。結(jié)果表明:重組載體P2(-1352/+30)熒光活性最高,而且極顯著高于P1(-1760/+30),推測(cè)在-1760/-1352區(qū)域存在負(fù)調(diào)控元件;而P2顯著高于P3(-919/+30),推測(cè)在-1352/- 919區(qū)域存在正調(diào)控元件;P3(-919/+30)活性極顯著高于P4(-604/ +80),推測(cè)在-919/-604區(qū)域存在正調(diào)控元件。P4、P5、P6和P7活性差異不顯著,綜合分析,-1350/-604對(duì)于維持該啟動(dòng)子較高轉(zhuǎn)錄活性起著重要的作用。

2.3 豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子結(jié)合核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子NFκB的鑒定

生物信息學(xué)預(yù)測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn),發(fā)現(xiàn)在FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子上存在2個(gè)潛在的NFκB結(jié)合位點(diǎn),分別是-1143處的NFκB1因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn)以及-664處的RelA結(jié)合位點(diǎn)(圖1-A)。

采用NFκB1和RelA的特異性抗體,通過免疫共沉淀的方式把懷孕12 d的母豬子宮內(nèi)膜NFκB-DNA復(fù)合體沉淀下來,從而特異性地富集結(jié)合NFκB1和RelA因子的DNA片段。同時(shí)在潛在2個(gè)NFκB結(jié)合位點(diǎn)附近設(shè)計(jì)引物,以富集的DNA為模板進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增,其結(jié)果見圖3??梢钥吹剑患疦FκB1-DNA和RelA- DNA的片段分別被引物ChIP-NFκB1和ChIP-RelA擴(kuò)增到了預(yù)期的DNA片段(120 bp和102 bp,圖3中NFκB1和RelA5泳道);用IgG特異性抗體對(duì)DNA進(jìn)行富集,然后用ChIP-NFκB1和ChIP-RelA引物擴(kuò)增進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增,并沒有獲得DNA片段(圖3中2個(gè)IgG泳道);擴(kuò)增經(jīng)RNA聚合酶II特異性抗體富集DNA,則獲得了預(yù)期大小的DNA片段(圖3中2個(gè)RNA-polymerase II泳道);同時(shí)用ChIP-NFκB1和ChIP-RelA擴(kuò)增沒有經(jīng)過富集的DNA,也擴(kuò)增到了預(yù)期大小DNA片段(圖3中2個(gè)Input泳道)。該結(jié)果表明NFκB1和RelA可通過相應(yīng)的DNA順式作用元件與豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子區(qū)結(jié)合,結(jié)合位置分別位于:-1143和-664附近。

圖2 豬FAM213B基因不同啟動(dòng)子片段在豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)錄活性

M: DL2000,從上到下為:2000,1000,750,500,250,100 bp;IgG: 陰性對(duì)照;Input和RNA-polymerase II:陽性對(duì)照

2.4 NFκB對(duì)豬FAM213B基因表達(dá)的調(diào)控作用

2.4.1 超表達(dá)NFκB對(duì)豬FAM213B基因表達(dá)影響 采用共轉(zhuǎn)染的方式,將NFκB1超表達(dá)載體pcDNA3.1- NFκB1與P2(-1352/+30)啟動(dòng)子片段重組體共轉(zhuǎn)染豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞,以檢測(cè)NFκB1對(duì)FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子活性的影響,同時(shí)將pcDNA3.1-NFκB1單獨(dú)轉(zhuǎn)染豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞,轉(zhuǎn)染48 h后加入Trizol裂解細(xì)胞用于RNA提取,反轉(zhuǎn)錄成cDNA后采用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)FAM213B基因的表達(dá)量。結(jié)果表明:共轉(zhuǎn)染pcDNA3.1-NFκB1的啟動(dòng)子活性極顯著高于對(duì)照組(<0.01),結(jié)果如圖4-A所示,表明NFκB1可通過結(jié)合FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子的相應(yīng)位點(diǎn),顯著提高熒光素酶報(bào)告基因的活性。而且,轉(zhuǎn)染pcDNA3.1-NFκB1載體后(濃度為100、200 ng),F(xiàn)AM213B基因mRNA表達(dá)量顯著高于對(duì)照組(<0.05,圖4-B)。

同樣,將pcDNA3.1-RelA與P3(-919/+30)啟動(dòng)子片段重組體共轉(zhuǎn)染豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞的活性檢測(cè)結(jié)果見圖4-C:共轉(zhuǎn)染pcDNA3.1-RelA的啟動(dòng)子活性極顯著低于對(duì)照組(<0.01),表明RelA可通過結(jié)合FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子的NFκB相應(yīng)位點(diǎn),抑制其表達(dá),從而顯著降低熒光素酶報(bào)告基因的活性(圖4-C)。單獨(dú)將pcDNA3.1-RelA載體轉(zhuǎn)染豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞后,F(xiàn)AM213基因mRNA表達(dá)水平如圖4-D所示,當(dāng)pcDNA3.1-RelA濃度為100和200 ng時(shí),F(xiàn)AM213B基因的mRNA表達(dá)量顯著低于對(duì)照組(<0.05),表明FAM213B基因的mRNA水平在RelA的作用下顯著性降低。

2.4.2 干擾NFκB對(duì)豬FAM213B基因mRNA表達(dá)影響 采用siRNAs干擾子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞內(nèi)源性的NFκB1和RelA,檢測(cè)兩者對(duì)啟動(dòng)子及表達(dá)的影響。各設(shè)計(jì)3條干擾NFκB1(表1:siRNA-N1,siRNA-N2和siRNA-N3)和RelA(表1:siRNA-R1,siRNA-R2和siRNA-R3)的siRNAs,轉(zhuǎn)染濃度為50 nmol siRNA,利用qRT-PCR檢測(cè)干擾NFκB1和RelA的效率發(fā)現(xiàn),轉(zhuǎn)染后的siRNA-N1相比于對(duì)照組在轉(zhuǎn)錄水平上顯著降低內(nèi)源性NFκB1的表達(dá)量;轉(zhuǎn)染siRNA-R2相比于對(duì)照組在轉(zhuǎn)錄水平上顯著降低內(nèi)源性RelA的表達(dá)量(結(jié)果略)。siRNA-N1和siRNA-R2均能很好地干擾子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞內(nèi)源性NFκB1和RelA的表達(dá),可用于后續(xù)的干擾試驗(yàn)。

對(duì)子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染siRNA-N1和P2質(zhì)粒,檢測(cè)NFκB1被干擾后豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子(P2,-1143/-1132)活性的變化;轉(zhuǎn)染siRNA-R1和P3,檢測(cè)RelA被干擾后豬FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子(P3,-664/-655)活性的變化。結(jié)果見圖5-A:干擾NFκB1后,啟動(dòng)子活性顯著低于對(duì)照組(<0.05),表明干擾NFκB1后,F(xiàn)AM213B基因啟動(dòng)子P2顯著降低熒光素酶報(bào)告基因活性;干擾RelA后,則啟動(dòng)子P3活性顯著高于對(duì)照組(<0.05),表明干擾RelA后,F(xiàn)AM213B基因啟動(dòng)子P3可顯著提高熒光素酶報(bào)告基因活性。因此,NFκB1對(duì)FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子轉(zhuǎn)錄活性具有正調(diào)控作用,RelA則具有負(fù)調(diào)控作用。

將siRNA-N1和siRNA-R2分別轉(zhuǎn)染豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞后,熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)豬FAM213B基因的表達(dá)量,結(jié)果見圖5-B:干擾NFκB1后,F(xiàn)AM213B基因的mRNA表達(dá)量顯著低于對(duì)照組(<0.05),而干擾RelA后,F(xiàn)AM213B基因的mRNA表達(dá)量顯著高于對(duì)照組(<0.05),因此,進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證NFκB1可促進(jìn)FAM213B基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄,RelA可抑制FAM213B基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄。

3 討論

PGE2/PGF2α的比例對(duì)于母豬的發(fā)情周期、妊娠建立和維持具有重要的作用[6-7],而FAM213B基因與PGE2/PGF2α的比例、生成有關(guān),進(jìn)而可能影響母豬的妊娠、胚胎發(fā)育等繁殖活動(dòng),因此揭示FAM213B基因表達(dá)規(guī)律對(duì)于深入闡釋影響母豬繁殖性能分子機(jī)制具有積極的意義。本研究在前期獲得FAM213B基因完整mRNA序列基礎(chǔ)上,獲得2 261 bp的啟動(dòng)子片段,初步檢測(cè)其具有轉(zhuǎn)錄活性[18],而且預(yù)測(cè)獲得啟動(dòng)子上具有潛在的典型轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合位點(diǎn)。進(jìn)而克隆其不同長(zhǎng)度的啟動(dòng)子片段,并分析不同的片段轉(zhuǎn)錄活性,確定轉(zhuǎn)錄起始位點(diǎn)上游的-1352/-604區(qū)域?qū)τ诰S持FAM213B基因較高的啟動(dòng)子活性具有重要作用。在這個(gè)區(qū)域包括了預(yù)測(cè)的NFκB1和RelA因子的結(jié)合位點(diǎn),分別是-1143和-664位點(diǎn)。P2啟動(dòng)子(-1352/+30)活性最高,而且顯著高于P3(-919/+30),即在缺少了-1352/-919區(qū)域后,轉(zhuǎn)錄活性下降(圖2),表明-1352/-919含有正向調(diào)控元件。通過ChIP已經(jīng)證實(shí)NFκB1能夠結(jié)合到啟動(dòng)子上相應(yīng)的位置(圖3),而且超表達(dá)NFκB1后,啟動(dòng)子P2活性、FAM213B的mRNA表達(dá)均表現(xiàn)增加(圖4-A和B),干擾后兩者均表現(xiàn)下降趨勢(shì),這充分說明了NFκB1與啟動(dòng)子上的順式作用元件結(jié)合,起到了正向調(diào)控的作用。同理,P3啟動(dòng)子活性(-9191/+30)顯著高于P4(-604/+30)(圖2),表明缺少了-919/-604區(qū)域后啟動(dòng)子活性也表現(xiàn)下降,這個(gè)區(qū)域同樣含有正向調(diào)控元件。RelA也能夠結(jié)合該區(qū)域預(yù)測(cè)的位點(diǎn)(圖3),但是超表達(dá)與干擾RelA后,則呈現(xiàn)與NFκB1相反的結(jié)果(圖4-C和D),這樣看似與-919/-604區(qū)域存在正向調(diào)控元件相矛盾。但是,可以看出,表現(xiàn)最高轉(zhuǎn)錄活性的P2同時(shí)包含了-1352/-919和-919/-604兩個(gè)區(qū)域,因此可以推測(cè),在豬子宮內(nèi)膜細(xì)胞中,NFκB1與RelA可能并非同時(shí)發(fā)揮作用,或者NFκB1對(duì)啟動(dòng)子的正向調(diào)控作用削弱了RelA的負(fù)向調(diào)控作用。本課題組研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)在豬的顆粒細(xì)胞中,NFκB1 (p50)的過表達(dá)能夠促進(jìn)miR-34c(其靶基因是叉頭框因子FoxO3a)的轉(zhuǎn)錄活性及表達(dá)水平,而RelA(P65)的過表達(dá)則抑制miR-34c的轉(zhuǎn)錄活性及表達(dá)水平[19],表明NFκB1在豬顆粒細(xì)胞中對(duì)miR-34c啟動(dòng)子起正向調(diào)控作用,而RelA則具有負(fù)向調(diào)控作用。雖然針對(duì)不同的基因啟動(dòng)子,但是NFκB1和RelA表現(xiàn)了一致的調(diào)控作用。

NFκB1與RelA均屬于NFκB家族,該家族包括:p50(NFκB1)、p52(NFκB2)、p65 (RelA, NFκB3)、Rel (cRel)和RelB[20]。參與免疫反應(yīng)的早期和炎癥反應(yīng)各階段的許多分子都受NF-κB的調(diào)控,因此NF-κB又被稱為炎性因子。其實(shí),NFκB也是一種可被誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,可以調(diào)節(jié)多種與細(xì)胞存活與增殖、細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)與分化、炎癥等相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)[17, 21]。NFκB一般結(jié)合在基因特異的位點(diǎn)(κB位點(diǎn),5′-GGGRNNYYCC-3′;R,嘌呤;Y,嘧啶;N,任意堿基),并增強(qiáng)基因的表達(dá)[22]。有研究表明,在人子宮分泌期NFκB1和RelA表達(dá)量上升[23],在胚胎植入窗口期RelA表達(dá)量也很高[24]。豬的胚胎附植類似于一種炎性反應(yīng),并且被依賴于NFκB調(diào)節(jié)的一些基因的調(diào)控;在發(fā)情周期、懷孕母豬子宮內(nèi)膜中,發(fā)現(xiàn)NFκB被激活,進(jìn)而進(jìn)一步調(diào)控母豬繁殖相關(guān)基因的表達(dá)[25];有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,在母豬胚胎植入前NFκB就開始被激活[26]。在豬的子宮內(nèi)膜中,一些與炎性相關(guān)基因白細(xì)胞介素-6和白細(xì)胞抑制因子等也受到了NFκB的調(diào)控[27]。雖然有研究表明,NFκB經(jīng)常以NFκB1/RelA(p50/p65)二聚體形式激活基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄[22],但是其他形式二聚體也發(fā)揮著相應(yīng)的作用。在豬卵巢顆粒細(xì)胞中,NFκB1二聚體促進(jìn)了PGF2α的升高,但不影響PGE2;但是RelA二聚體則能夠增強(qiáng)PGE2和PGF2α兩者的釋放[28];在豬顆粒細(xì)胞中,NFκB能夠調(diào)控顆粒細(xì)胞的增殖,凋亡以及雌激素、孕酮等激素的分泌過程[28]。在人子宮內(nèi)膜基質(zhì)細(xì)胞和羊膜間充質(zhì)中,NFκB能夠促進(jìn)PGF2α的生成[29],相反,在大鼠黃體細(xì)胞中,NFκB能夠下調(diào)孕激素(P4)的分解[30]。可以看出,NFκB家族成員關(guān)乎著PGE2和PGF2α兩者的生成,NFκB調(diào)控FAM213B基因可能是其中的一種方式或者機(jī)制。實(shí)際上,PGE2/PGF2α的比例還受到其他一些酶的調(diào)控,受到嚴(yán)格控制,如豬羰基還原酶1(CBR1)作為催化PGE2向/PGF2α轉(zhuǎn)化的限速酶可以影響兩者的比例[31]。因此,在豬子宮內(nèi)膜中PGE2/PGF2α的精細(xì)比例受到多個(gè)基因或者酶的控制。而FAM213B基因作為其中的一種限速酶,可能是受到NFκB調(diào)控作用進(jìn)而調(diào)節(jié)PGE2/PGF2α比例,但是仍需要進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。

4 結(jié)論

成功克隆了豬FAM213B基因的啟動(dòng)子片段,并構(gòu)建5'缺失片段的熒光素酶報(bào)告基因重組載體,確定-1352/-919區(qū)域?yàn)楹诵膯?dòng)子區(qū);在-1143/-1132和-664/-655分別存在NFκB1和RelA結(jié)合位點(diǎn),而且NFκB1和RelA分別對(duì)FAM213B基因啟動(dòng)子活性和mRNA的表達(dá)起調(diào)控作用。

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(責(zé)任編輯 林鑒非)

Regulation of the Promoter of FAM213B Gene in Porcine Endometrial Cells

ZHANG AiLing1,2, SUN XianYue2, LU XiaoZhang2, WU Qi2, LI JiaQi2, ZHANG Hao2

(1Development Center of Applied Ecology and Ecological Engineering in Universities/Biology and Food Engineering Institute, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou 510310;2Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding/College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642)

To interpret partially the role of FAM213B gene expression in prostaglandin synthetise and sow pregnancy through the identification of the transcription region of porcine FAM213B gene promoter and the effection of NFκB on the promoter.The porcine endometrium from the uterus in follicular phase was digested by collagenase and the isolated endometrial cells were cultured for the detection of thepromoter activity. Based on the mRNA and promoter sequences of FAM213B gene obtained in our former work (GenBank ID: KX444503 and 100134955), the longer 5′ regulationary sequence was amplified and sequenced. Then, seven promoter fragments with 5′ terminal deletion, containingI andI sites, were linked into the Dual-luciferase Reporter vectors. Seven constructed vectors treated by endotoxin free and pRL-TK plasmid were co-transfected into endometrial cells through liposome method. The core region of transcriptional activity of the gene promoter was identified through the Dual-luciferase Reporter Assay System. The putative transcription factors binding sites were analyzed by bioinformatics, and the binding of NFκB withpromoter were detected by ChIP (Chromatin immunoprecipitation). The over-expression vectors of NFκB1and RelA and interference fragments of their own were transfected into endometrial cells. Then, the transcription activity of the promoter and mRNA expression of the gene were detected by the Dual-luciferase Reporter system and fluorescent quantitative, respectively.Through the PCR and sequencing, one fragment of 2 261 bp (-2178/+83) of porcine FAM213Bgene were obtained. The bioinformatics analysis showed that there were putative binding sites of CREB, CCAAT, E-box, and NFκB in the promoter. And the putative binding sites of NFκB were found in -1143/-1132 and -664/-655 regions. The result of the Dual-luciferase Reporter showed the region of P2 (-1352/+30) exhibited the strongest transcriptional activity, and it was significantly higher than that of P1 (-1760/+30) (<0.01), which showed there were negative regulation elements in -1760/-1352 region. And the transcriptional activity of P2 (-1352/+30) was significantly higher than that of P3(-919/+30) (<0.05), implying the existence of positive elements in -1352/- 919 region. The significant stronger activity of P3 (-919/+30) than P4(-604/+80) (<0.01) meant the existence of positive elements in -919/-604 region. No significant differences were observed between P4, P5, P6, and P7. The region of -1352/-919 was the core element of the promoter. The results of Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) demonstrated that NFκB1 binds to one site around -1143/-1132, and RelA site around -664/-655. The co-transfection of the over expression of pcDNA3.1-NFκB1 and P2 vector into endometrial cells increased the activity of the promoter (<0.01), and the transfection of pcDNA3.1-NFκB1 enhanced the mRNA expression of(<0.05). While the co-transfection of the over expression of pcDNA3.1-RelA and P3 vector into endometrial cells decreased the activity of the promoter (<0.05), and the transfection of pcDNA3.1-RelA weakened the mRNA expression of the gene. At the same time, the transfection of inference siRNA fragments of NFκB1 and RelA into endometrial cells led the contrary results for the activity of the promoter and the mRNA expression of the gene.The core region of porcine FAM213B gene promoter was identified round -1352/-919. NFκB was the trancription factor of FAM213B gene. NFκB1 and RelA, two members of NFκB family, regulate the expression of FAM213B gene in endometrial cells.

pig; FAM213B gene; promoter; NFκB; endometrial cells

2017-03-10;

2017-10-30

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(31201771)、國(guó)家現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項(xiàng)(CARS-35)、廣州市科學(xué)研究專項(xiàng)一般項(xiàng)目(201707010001)

聯(lián)系方式:張愛玲,Tel:020-85285159;E-mail:zhangmeixial@163.com

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