郭子夢(mèng),吳慶文,陳秀秀,關(guān)亞麗,李鵬飛,王妍,程月發(fā)
丁苯酞通過混合譜系激酶3信號(hào)通路對(duì)1-甲基-4-苯基-吡啶離子誘導(dǎo)的SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡的影響
郭子夢(mèng)1,吳慶文1,陳秀秀1,關(guān)亞麗2,李鵬飛2,王妍2,程月發(fā)2
目的 探討丁苯酞對(duì)1-甲基-4-苯基-吡啶離子(MPP+)誘導(dǎo)的SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞混合譜系激酶3(MLK3)通路的影響,及其對(duì)細(xì)胞增殖與凋亡的作用機(jī)制。方法 對(duì)數(shù)生長期SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞分為對(duì)照組、MPP+組、丁苯酞組和URMC-099組,對(duì)照組正常培養(yǎng),MPP+組加1 mmol/L MPP+培養(yǎng)24 h,丁苯酞組予10μmol/L丁苯酞預(yù)處理3 h后,加入MPP+培養(yǎng)24 h,URMC-099組予200 nmol/L MLK3通路特異性抑制劑URMC-099預(yù)處理3 h后,加入MPP+培養(yǎng)24 h。倒置相差顯微鏡觀察細(xì)胞形態(tài),噻唑藍(lán)比色法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞活性,Annexin-V/PI雙染流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞凋亡率,Hoechst33342熒光染色法觀察凋亡細(xì)胞,Western blotting檢測(cè)MLK3磷酸化蛋白(p-MLK3)、c-Jun氨基末端激酶磷酸化蛋白(p-JNK)和細(xì)胞外調(diào)節(jié)蛋白激酶磷酸化蛋白(p-ERK1/2)的表達(dá)。結(jié)果 MPP+組細(xì)胞存活率低于對(duì)照組(p<0.05),丁苯酞組和URMC-099組細(xì)胞存活率高于MPP+組(p<0.05);MPP+組細(xì)胞凋亡率高于對(duì)照組(p<0.05),丁苯酞組和URMC-099組細(xì)胞凋亡率低于MPP+組(p<0.05);與對(duì)照組相比,MPP+組p-MLK3、p-JNK蛋白表達(dá)量增加(p<0.05),p-ERK1/2蛋白表達(dá)量降低(p<0.05);與MPP+組相比,丁苯酞組和URMC-099組p-MLK3、p-JNK蛋白表達(dá)量降低(p<0.05),p-ERK1/2蛋白表達(dá)量升高(p<0.05)。結(jié)論 丁苯酞可減少M(fèi)PP+誘導(dǎo)的SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞凋亡,促進(jìn)細(xì)胞增殖,其機(jī)制可能是通過抑制MLK3通路,調(diào)節(jié)下游p-JNK、p-ERK1/2蛋白表達(dá)。
帕金森病;丁苯酞;混合譜系激酶3;凋亡;SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞
帕金森病是一種常見的神經(jīng)退行性疾病,其病理特征主要為黑質(zhì)紋狀體多巴胺能神經(jīng)元大量丟失及嗜酸性包涵體形成[1]。帕金森病的病因和發(fā)病機(jī)制可能與線粒體功能失調(diào)、氧化應(yīng)激、免疫炎癥和泛素-蛋白酶系統(tǒng)損傷[2-4]及同核轉(zhuǎn)錄相關(guān)因子如p53和miR-34a等有關(guān)[5-6]。
1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶離子(1-methyl-4-phenyl-pyridin-iumion,MPP+)是 1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氫吡啶(1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine,MPTP)的有效成分,可選擇性破壞中腦黑質(zhì)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元,引起細(xì)胞凋亡。MPP+已廣泛用于誘導(dǎo)帕金森病實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)P?,作用機(jī)制與p53、Bax、Bcl-2、caspase家族、絲裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)家族等有關(guān)[7]。
URMC-099是混合譜系激酶3(mixed-lineage kinase 3,MLK3)通路特異性抑制劑,可減少炎癥反應(yīng),保護(hù)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞,其機(jī)制與抑制MLK3、p38MAPK和c-Jun氨基末端激酶(c-Jun N-terminal kinase,JNK)磷酸化蛋白的表達(dá),減少白細(xì)胞介素1β、白細(xì)胞介素6和腫瘤壞死因子α基因表達(dá)有關(guān)[8]。
丁苯酞是從芹菜籽提取的脂溶性物質(zhì),臨床廣泛用于治療缺血性腦血管病、帕金森病、阿爾茨海默病等腦疾病。丁苯酞可改善腦組織微循環(huán),抑制炎癥,改善認(rèn)知功能,且副作用少[9]。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[10],丁苯酞可抑制JNK通路,降低Fas配體、活化型caspase-3蛋白表達(dá)。本研究探討丁苯酞對(duì)其上游通路MLK3的影響,及其對(duì)下游JNK通路和細(xì)胞外調(diào)節(jié)蛋白激酶(extra cellular regulated protein kinases,ERK)通路的調(diào)節(jié)作用。
1.1 材料
SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞株:中國科學(xué)院上海細(xì)胞生物學(xué)研究所。
丁苯酞(批號(hào)201502):中國食品藥品檢定研究院。MPP+(批號(hào) 014M4704V)、Hoechst33342(批號(hào)20141017):美國SIGMA公司。URMC-099(批號(hào)S734301):美國SELLECK公司。胎牛血清和胰酶:美國BI公司。DMEM/F12 1∶1培養(yǎng)基:美國CORNING公司。p-JNK、p-ERK1/2、p-MLK3抗體:美國AFFINITY公司。GAPDH抗體:杭州華安生物技術(shù)有限公司。AnnexinV/PI試劑盒:美國BD公司。噻唑藍(lán):日本TCI公司。BCA蛋白定量檢測(cè)試劑盒和RIPA裂解液:北京索萊寶公司。
CO2培養(yǎng)箱:美國THERMO FISHER公司。酶標(biāo)儀:意大利BIO-RAD公司。超凈工作臺(tái):中國蘇州凈化設(shè)備廠。流式細(xì)胞儀:美國BD公司。倒置相差顯微鏡和熒光顯微鏡:日本OLYMPUS公司。低溫離心機(jī):湖南湘儀實(shí)驗(yàn)室儀器開發(fā)有限公司。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)及分組
將SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞接種于培養(yǎng)瓶,用含10%胎牛血清、100 U/ml青霉素、100 U/ml鏈霉素的DMEM/F12培養(yǎng)基,置于37℃、5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱培養(yǎng)。細(xì)胞處于對(duì)數(shù)生長期時(shí),胰酶消化傳代,2~3 d更換培養(yǎng)基。
取對(duì)數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞,分為正常對(duì)照組(細(xì)胞正常培養(yǎng),不加藥物干預(yù))、MPP+組(加1 mmol/L MPP+培養(yǎng)24 h)、丁苯酞組(10μmol/L丁苯酞預(yù)培養(yǎng)3 h后,加入MPP+培養(yǎng)24 h)、URMC-099組(200 nmol/L URMC-099培養(yǎng)3 h后,加入MPP+培養(yǎng)24 h)。倒置相差顯微鏡觀察細(xì)胞形態(tài)。
1.2.2 細(xì)胞存活率
待細(xì)胞貼壁后,每孔1×104細(xì)胞接種于96孔板。繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h,按分組藥物處理細(xì)胞。加入50 mg/ml噻唑藍(lán)20μl,孵育3 h。棄去培養(yǎng)基,加入二甲基亞砜150μl,搖床10 min。酶標(biāo)儀490 nm波長檢測(cè)吸光度值(A值),計(jì)算細(xì)胞存活率。
重復(fù)3次。
1.2.3 細(xì)胞凋亡率
細(xì)胞每孔5×105接種于6孔板。待細(xì)胞貼壁后,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h,按分組藥物處理細(xì)胞。胰酶消化后收集細(xì)胞,PBS緩沖液洗滌3次后棄上清,加入Binding Buffer 400μl制備單細(xì)胞懸液,取單細(xì)胞懸液100μl,加入Annexin-FITC 5μl混勻,室溫避光孵育15 min后,加入Propidium Iodide 5μl混勻。流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)。重復(fù)3次。
1.2.4 Hoechst33342染色
細(xì)胞以每孔5×105接種于6孔板。待細(xì)胞貼壁后,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h,按分組藥物處理細(xì)胞。棄去培養(yǎng)基,PBS緩沖液洗2次,加入4%多聚甲醛溶液1 ml固定10 min;PBS緩沖液洗2次后,加入10μg/ml Hoechst33342熒光染液,37℃避光孵育15 min,熒光顯微鏡下觀察。
1.2.5 Western blotting
圖1 各組細(xì)胞形態(tài)學(xué)特征(倒置相差顯微鏡,200×)
細(xì)胞每孔5×105接種于6孔板。待細(xì)胞貼壁后,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h,按分組藥物處理細(xì)胞。用冷PBS緩沖液洗2次,每孔加入裂解液100μl冰上裂解30 min;移入離心管,超聲打碎,收集細(xì)胞,吸取上清液,BCA法測(cè)蛋白濃度。蛋白變性,SDS-PAGE電泳,濕轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)膜,5%脫脂牛奶封閉1 h。加p-MLK3(1∶1000)、p-JNK(1∶500)、p-ERK1/2(1∶1000)、GAPDH(1∶1000)一抗4℃搖床過夜。TBST緩沖液洗3次,每次8 min。加入辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記羊抗兔二抗(1∶5000),室溫孵育2 h。TBST緩沖液洗3次,ECL顯色,用Image J軟件分析條帶灰度值,用內(nèi)參GAPDH進(jìn)行校準(zhǔn),計(jì)算各組蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)含量。重復(fù)3次,取均值。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
采用SPSS 17.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。計(jì)量資料用(xˉ±s)表示,采用單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用最小顯著性差異法檢驗(yàn)。顯著性水平α=0.05。
2.1 形態(tài)學(xué)
對(duì)照組細(xì)胞呈三角形或梭形,貼壁細(xì)胞數(shù)較多;MPP+組貼壁細(xì)胞數(shù)減少,細(xì)胞變圓,突起結(jié)構(gòu)回縮;丁苯酞組、URMC-099組較MPP+組貼壁細(xì)胞增多,細(xì)胞突起明顯,與對(duì)照組形態(tài)相似。見圖1。
2.2 細(xì)胞存活率
與對(duì)照組比較,MPP+組細(xì)胞存活率降低(p<0.05);與MPP+組比較,丁苯酞組和URMC-099組細(xì)胞相對(duì)存活率升高(p<0.05)。見表1。
2.3 細(xì)胞凋亡率
與對(duì)照組比較,MPP+組細(xì)胞凋亡率升高(p<0.05);與MPP+組比較,丁苯酞組和URMC-099組細(xì)胞凋亡率降低(p<0.05)。見表1、圖2。
2.4 Hoechst33342染色
對(duì)照組細(xì)胞核呈彌漫均勻藍(lán)色熒光;MPP+組細(xì)胞染色不均勻,可見濃染致密的顆粒熒光及塊狀熒光,表示細(xì)胞核固縮、碎裂;丁苯酞組和URMC-099組凋亡細(xì)胞較少。見圖3。
圖2 流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)各組細(xì)胞凋亡率
表1 各組SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞存活率和凋亡率比較(%)
圖3 各組細(xì)胞凋亡情況(Hoechst33342熒光染色,200×)
2.5 Western blotting
與對(duì)照組比較,MPP+組p-MLK3和p-JNK表達(dá)升高,p-ERK1/2表達(dá)降低(p<0.05);與MPP+組比較,丁苯酞組和URMC-099組p-MLK3、p-JNK表達(dá)降低,p-ERK1/2表達(dá)升高(p<0.05)。見表2、圖4。
圖4 各組Western blotting結(jié)果
表2 各組p-MLK3、p-JNK、p-ERK1/2蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量
本研究采用MPP+誘導(dǎo)SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞建立帕金森病細(xì)胞模型,以MLK3通路抑制劑URMC-099為對(duì)照,研究丁苯酞治療帕金森病的作用機(jī)制。結(jié)果顯示,丁苯酞預(yù)處理后,細(xì)胞形態(tài)、存活率、凋亡率和p-MLK3及下游蛋白表達(dá)有顯著變化。
MLK3廣泛表達(dá)于人體組織中,是MAPK家族重要的上游信號(hào)分子,在神經(jīng)變性疾病中參與誘導(dǎo)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡[12]。MLK3參與多種信號(hào)級(jí)聯(lián)反應(yīng),可激活p38MAPK途徑介導(dǎo)caspase-3活化,也可激活JNK通路抑制ERK通路,引起凋亡級(jí)聯(lián)反應(yīng)[13-14]。
JNK和ERK1/2都位于MLK3下游,兩者生物學(xué)效應(yīng)并不相同[15]。ERK1/2磷酸化是功能活動(dòng)的標(biāo)志,ERK1/2信號(hào)通路激活可減少α-突觸核蛋白引起的神經(jīng)元損傷,在多巴胺神經(jīng)元急性氧化損傷中起保護(hù)作用[16]。張弛等[17]用MPP+誘導(dǎo)多巴胺神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞,發(fā)現(xiàn)激活ERK通路可降低MPP+神經(jīng)毒性。JNK激活后稱為p-JNK,可活化核內(nèi)c-Jun,介導(dǎo)caspase-3,增加Bax蛋白表達(dá),促進(jìn)細(xì)胞色素C釋放,誘導(dǎo)神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡[18]。潘靜等[19]通過6-羥基多巴胺誘導(dǎo)帕金森病大鼠模型,發(fā)現(xiàn)p-MLK3、p-JNK蛋白表達(dá)增加;MLK3通路抑制劑可減少M(fèi)LK3和JNK磷酸化水平,保護(hù)多巴胺神經(jīng)元,改善大鼠旋轉(zhuǎn)行為。
本研究首次探討MLK3通路在MPP+誘導(dǎo)的SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞凋亡作用機(jī)制,結(jié)果顯示,使用MLK3通路抑制劑URMC-099后,可改善細(xì)胞形態(tài),提高細(xì)胞存活率,減少細(xì)胞凋亡,提示URMC-099具有神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用。這與Marker等[20]研究結(jié)果一致。URMC-099可使p-MLK3及下游因子p-JNK蛋白表達(dá)減少,p-ERK1/2蛋白表達(dá)增加。
丁苯酞是一種多靶點(diǎn)神經(jīng)保護(hù)性藥,可阻止神經(jīng)元退化,有效延緩疾病進(jìn)程,減輕疾病引起的殘疾水平[21],其神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用機(jī)制與保護(hù)線粒體功能、抑制氧化應(yīng)激和炎癥反應(yīng)、減少神經(jīng)細(xì)胞凋亡、適度提高自噬水平有關(guān)[22-24]。我們?cè)缙诘难芯堪l(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)MPP+誘導(dǎo)的SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞,丁苯酞預(yù)處理可維持細(xì)胞正常形態(tài)和良好活性,逆轉(zhuǎn)MPP+誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞凋亡,與下調(diào)p53、Bax和p-JNK蛋白表達(dá)水平,維持線粒體膜穩(wěn)定性,減少細(xì)胞色素C的釋放[25-27],適度上調(diào)自噬水平,防止細(xì)胞繼發(fā)性損傷有關(guān)[28]。
本研究進(jìn)一步顯示,丁苯酞預(yù)處理后,細(xì)胞形態(tài)明顯改善,數(shù)量增加,細(xì)胞活性提高,凋亡率下降,p-MLK3、p-JNK蛋白表達(dá)顯著降低,p-ERK1/2蛋白表達(dá)顯著增高,與使用URMC-099預(yù)處理的細(xì)胞大體相同。本研究中p-JNK的變化與我們?cè)缙谘芯拷Y(jié)果一致[27]。
綜上所述,丁苯酞影響MPP+誘導(dǎo)的SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡,對(duì)神經(jīng)元有保護(hù)作用;其機(jī)制與抑制MLK3通路、調(diào)節(jié)促活通路的ERK和促凋亡通路的JNK有關(guān)。由于細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)的局限性,對(duì)丁苯酞在臨床上防治帕金森病的作用機(jī)制仍需深入研究。
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Effects of DL-3-n-Butylphthalide on Proliferation and Apoptosis of 1-Methyl-4-Phenylpyridinium-induced SH-SY5Y Cells via Mixed Lineage Kinase 3 Signaling Pathway
GUO Zi-meng1,WU Qing-wen1,CHEN Xiu-xiu1,GUAN Ya-li2,LI Peng-fei2,WANG Yan2,CHENG Yue-fa2
1.College of Nursing and Rehabilitation,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan,Hebei 063210,China;2.Jitang College of North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan,Hebei 063210,China
WU Qing-wen,CHENG Yue-fa.E-mail:wxywqw@163.com(WU Qing-wen);arthurcy@163.com(CHENG Yue-fa)
Objective To investigate the effects of DL-3-n-Butylphthalide(NBP)on proliferation and apoptosis of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(MPP+)-induced SH-SY5Y cells,and mechanisms via mixed lineage kinase 3(MLK3)signaling pathway.Methods The SH-SY5Y cells were divided into control group,MPP+group,NBP group and URMC-099 group,that cultured normally,with 1 mmol/L MPP+for 24 hours,with 10μmol/L NBP for 3 hours and then with MPP+for 24 hours,and with 200 nmol/L MLK3 inhibitor URMC-099 for 3 hours and then with MPP+for 24 hours,respectively.The morphology of SH-SY5Y cells was observed under inverted phase contrast microscope and the survival rate was measured with 3-(4,5-Cimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assays.The apoptosis was quantified under flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI fluorescence staining,and the nuclear morphology was observed with Hoechst 33342 staining.The expression of phosphorylated protein of MLK3(p-MLK3),c-Jun N-terminal kinase(p-JNK),extra cellular regulated protein kinases(p-ERK1/2)were detected with Western blotting.Results Compared with the control group,the survival rate reduced and apoptosis increased in MPP+group(p<0.05),with the increase of p-MLK3 and p-JNK and decrease of p-ERK1/2 d(p<0.05).Compared with MPP+group,the survival rate increased and apoptosis reduced in both NBP and URMC-099 groups(p<0.05),with the decrease of p-MLK3 and p-JNK and increase of p-ERK1/2(p<0.05).Conclusion NBP can decrease the apoptosis and promote the proliferation of SH-SY5Y cells in-duced by MPP+,which may be associated with inhibiting MLK3 signaling pathway,and regulating the downstream p-JNK and p-ERK1/2.
Parkinson's disease;DL-3-n-butylphthalide;mixed-lineage kinase 3;apoptosis;SH-SY5Y cells
10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2017.11.009
1.華北理工大學(xué)研究生創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目(No.2017S37);2.華北理工大學(xué)博士科研啟動(dòng)基金項(xiàng)目(No.35647699);3.河北省高等學(xué)校科學(xué)研究青年基金項(xiàng)目(No.QN201722)。
1.華北理工大學(xué)護(hù)理與康復(fù)學(xué)院,河北唐山市063210;2.華北理工大學(xué)冀唐學(xué)院,河北唐山市063210。作者簡介:郭子夢(mèng)(1990-),女,漢族,河北新樂市人,碩士研究生,主要研究方向:神經(jīng)康復(fù)。通訊作者:吳慶文、程月發(fā)。E-mail:wxywqw@163.com(吳慶文);arthurcy@163.com(程月發(fā))。
R742.5
A
1006-9771(2017)11-1284-06
[本文著錄格式] 郭子夢(mèng),吳慶文,陳秀秀,等.丁苯酞通過混合譜系激酶3信號(hào)通路對(duì)1-甲基-4苯基-吡啶離子誘導(dǎo)的SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞增殖和凋亡的影響[J].中國康復(fù)理論與實(shí)踐,2017,23(11):1284-1289.
CITED AS:Guo ZM,Wu QW,Chen XX,et al.Effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide on proliferation and apoptosis of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced SH-SY5Y cells via mixed lineage kinase 3 signaling pathway[J].Zhongguo Kangfu Lilun Yu Shijian,2017,23(11):1284-1289.
2017-06-12
2017-07-26)