張華+康曉慧+陳萬(wàn)權(quán)
摘 要 為了比較不同小麥品種的抗性基因?qū)π←湕l銹病發(fā)生的影響,以及小麥對(duì)連續(xù)一個(gè)月寒潮且平均氣溫突降10 ℃以上的適應(yīng)能力,以小麥抗條銹病近等基因系6個(gè)品種為材料,在四川綿陽(yáng)進(jìn)行單播和混播處理,并和當(dāng)?shù)匦←溸M(jìn)行比較分析.在自然發(fā)病條件下,研究了條銹病在單播和混播條件下的發(fā)病情況和寒潮對(duì)小麥抗病能力的影響.試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,6種小麥在不同生長(zhǎng)階段對(duì)條銹菌的反應(yīng)型差異顯著(P<0.05),不同近等基因品種單播和混播的枯芯率差異顯著(P<0.05),同時(shí),結(jié)合當(dāng)年寒潮的影響,四川小麥品種適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)禺惓-h(huán)境的能力較強(qiáng).
關(guān)鍵詞 小麥;條銹??;反應(yīng)型;病害指數(shù);枯芯;凍害
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào) S5121 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1000-2537(2017)05-0024-05
A Study of the Effect of Wheat Varieties with Near-isogenic Lines on Resistance to Stripe Rust and Abnormally Cold Weather in Mianyang
ZHANG Hua1, KANG Xiao-hui1, CHEN Wan-quan2, LIU Bo2, LIANG Yong-liang1, YANG Heng1
(1.College of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010,China;
2.State Key laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection,
The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China)
Abstract In order to compare the effect of resistance genes of different wheat varieties on the occurrence of wheat stripe rust, and the adaptability of wheat to the cold weather up to a month and the average temperature of 10 degrees Celsius, in this paper, 6 varieties of wheat stripe rust resistance near isogenic lines were used as the materials to carry out the unicast and mixed sowing treatments in Mianyang, Sichuan. Under the condition of natural disease, the incidence of stripe rust and the impact of cold weather on wheats disease resistance were thoroughly studied. Our test results show that the 6 kinds of wheat in different growth stages of wheat stripe rust reacted significantly differently (P<0.05), with significant difference in near isogenic varieties of dry mixture of unicast and core rates (P<0.05). At the same time, combined with the impact of current cold weather, our study showed that Sichuan wheat varieties could adapt well with the abnormal environment.
Key words wheat; stripe rust; reaction type; disease index; dry core damage
小麥銹病、白粉病、赤霉病是我國(guó)小麥生產(chǎn)上的三大主要病害,其中,小麥銹病分稈銹、葉銹和條銹.條銹病(病原菌Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici)在我國(guó)是小麥三種銹病中發(fā)生最廣、危害最重的病害,主要發(fā)生于西北、西南、黃淮海等冬麥區(qū)和西北春麥區(qū).小麥條銹病在流行年份可減產(chǎn)20%~30%,嚴(yán)重田塊甚至絕收.特別是 1950,1964,1990和2002年4次病害全國(guó)大流行,發(fā)生面積均超過(guò) 667 萬(wàn) hm2,損失小麥共計(jì) 120 億 kg[1].其中 1950 年損失的小麥占全國(guó)小麥總產(chǎn)量的 41.4%,超過(guò)當(dāng)年全國(guó)夏季征糧的總數(shù)[2].四川盆地是條銹病菌的主要越夏區(qū)域之一[3],當(dāng)?shù)叵嚓P(guān)作物管理部門(mén)對(duì)此類(lèi)病害的研究和防治工作高度重視,長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)組織專(zhuān)業(yè)工作小組研究和控制條銹病,并取得良好效果.小麥條銹病,苗期染病,幼苗葉片上產(chǎn)生多層輪狀排列的鮮黃色夏孢子堆.成株葉片初發(fā)病時(shí)夏孢子堆為小長(zhǎng)條狀,鮮黃色,橢圓形,與葉脈平行,且排列成行,像縫紉機(jī)軋過(guò)的針腳一樣,呈虛線狀,后期表皮破裂,出現(xiàn)銹褐色粉狀物;小麥近成熟時(shí),葉鞘上出現(xiàn)圓形至卵圓形黑褐色夏孢子堆,散出鮮黃色粉末,即夏孢子.多年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究和生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐證明,合理利用抗病基因,培育和推廣高效、穩(wěn)定、廣譜、持久的抗病品種是控制與治理小麥條銹病最經(jīng)濟(jì)、安全、有效的途徑[4].endprint