徐鳳
腹腔鏡輔助下陰式全子宮切除術(shù)與經(jīng)腹子宮切除術(shù)的護(hù)理比較
徐鳳
目的探討腹腔鏡輔助下陰式全子宮切除術(shù)與開(kāi)腹全子宮切除術(shù)的護(hù)理效果比較。方法選取我院收治的50例患者作為研究對(duì)象。將其隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和觀察組。對(duì)照組給予腹腔鏡輔助下陰式全子宮切除術(shù),觀察組在常規(guī)開(kāi)腹全子宮切除術(shù)。結(jié)果兩組患者均手術(shù)成功,經(jīng)過(guò)術(shù)后對(duì)兩組患者護(hù)理效果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,觀察組患者的術(shù)后拔出尿管時(shí)間、下床時(shí)間、肛門(mén)排氣時(shí)間、進(jìn)食時(shí)間均早于對(duì)照組患者,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。對(duì)照組拔出尿管時(shí)間、下床時(shí)間、肛門(mén)排氣時(shí)間、進(jìn)食時(shí)間分別為(41.5±6.3)h、(33.4±3.9)h、(25.2±5.4)h、(34.6±7.2)h ;觀察組拔出尿管時(shí)間、下床時(shí)間、肛門(mén)排氣時(shí)間、進(jìn)食時(shí)間分別為:(18.8±4.2)h、(21.6±3.3)h、(7.5±4.1)h、(21.8±6.4)h。結(jié)論對(duì)切除全子宮患者實(shí)施腹腔鏡輔助下陰式全子宮切除術(shù)具有術(shù)后恢復(fù)快、創(chuàng)傷性小、不良反應(yīng)少等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
腹腔鏡輔助下陰式;開(kāi)腹;子宮切除術(shù);護(hù)理比較
全子宮切除術(shù)屬于外科性切除手術(shù),全子宮切除術(shù)主要可用于治療子宮下垂、子宮癌、子宮肌瘤等婦科疾病。全子宮切除目前臨床主要以陰式全子宮切除術(shù)與開(kāi)腹全子宮切除術(shù)兩種手術(shù)方式為主,開(kāi)腹全子宮切除術(shù)是臨床最早使用且最為廣泛的手術(shù)治療手段,但是隨著科學(xué)醫(yī)術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展,開(kāi)腹全子宮切除術(shù)存在著很多弊端[1-3]。開(kāi)腹全子宮切除術(shù)是以劃開(kāi)患者的腹腔實(shí)施子宮摘除,其創(chuàng)傷性比較大,常常在術(shù)后會(huì)留有明顯的疤痕,同時(shí)也給患者帶來(lái)了巨大的疼痛感。隨著技術(shù)的不斷創(chuàng)新,腹腔鏡輔助下陰式全子宮切除術(shù)開(kāi)始廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床且得到患者的一致好評(píng),本文針對(duì)腹腔鏡輔助下陰式全子宮切除術(shù)與開(kāi)腹全子宮切除術(shù)的護(hù)理效果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,具體報(bào)道如下。
選取在2015年1月—2017年8月我院進(jìn)行全子宮切除的50例患者作為研究對(duì)象,將50例患者隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,每組各25例。對(duì)照組患者年齡48~63歲,平均年齡(57.6±2.1)歲;觀察組患者年齡50~65歲,平均年齡(58.2±2.3)歲。兩組患者經(jīng)專業(yè)設(shè)備檢查均為良性子宮病變,且兩組患者均無(wú)嚴(yán)重心臟、腎臟等惡性疾病。兩組患者的基本資料對(duì)比,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
(1)在術(shù)前對(duì)兩組患者同時(shí)進(jìn)行心理護(hù)理,子宮切除術(shù)給女性患者會(huì)造成極大的心理壓力,必要的安撫和鼓勵(lì)能夠帶給患者信心和欣慰。子宮是女性的標(biāo)志和敏感部位,術(shù)前需對(duì)患者進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的講解,克服自身的心理障礙[4-5]。(2)在術(shù)前8 h前,對(duì)兩組患者實(shí)施禁食禁飲嚴(yán)格陰道擦洗,否則容易引起術(shù)后感染,同時(shí)對(duì)兩組患者實(shí)施口服灌腸和備皮處理。(3)對(duì)觀察組患者實(shí)施麻醉后,進(jìn)行腹腔鏡輔助下陰式全子宮切除術(shù),對(duì)對(duì)照組患者實(shí)施麻醉后,進(jìn)行開(kāi)腹全子宮切除術(shù),在手術(shù)過(guò)程中嚴(yán)密監(jiān)測(cè)患者的各項(xiàng)生命體征[6]。
在術(shù)后觀察兩組患者拔出尿管時(shí)間、下床時(shí)間、肛門(mén)排氣時(shí)間、進(jìn)食時(shí)間、止痛藥使用率、住院時(shí)間及并發(fā)癥率。
采用SPSS 17.0軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析處理,計(jì)量資料以(均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以(n,%)表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05表示差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
術(shù)后對(duì)兩組患者護(hù)理效果進(jìn)行對(duì)比,觀察組患者的術(shù)后拔出尿管時(shí)間、下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、肛門(mén)排氣時(shí)間、進(jìn)食時(shí)間均早于對(duì)照組患者,兩組數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1所示。
觀察組患者的止痛藥使用率、住院時(shí)間及并發(fā)癥率均低于對(duì)照組患者,兩組數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比,差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2所示。
全子宮切除術(shù)在婦科的臨床手術(shù)中常年以來(lái)一直處于居高不下的位置,全子宮切除術(shù)是將完整的子宮經(jīng)過(guò)手術(shù)全部摘除,子宮主要包括為子宮體和子宮頸部分[7]。在常規(guī)的開(kāi)腹全子宮切除術(shù)中,由于手術(shù)整個(gè)過(guò)程過(guò)多的對(duì)患者的腹部大面積實(shí)施手術(shù),往往會(huì)在術(shù)中突發(fā)大出血,術(shù)后患者疼痛難忍及各種不良并發(fā)癥給患者的身體和心理帶來(lái)了極大的影響,腹腔鏡輔助下陰式全子宮切除術(shù)摒棄了傳統(tǒng)開(kāi)腹手術(shù)的缺點(diǎn),以微小的創(chuàng)傷性而減少術(shù)后疼痛,促進(jìn)患者術(shù)后愈合,在越來(lái)越多的全子宮手術(shù)切除中腹腔鏡輔助下陰式全子宮切除術(shù)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用和發(fā)展[8]。
表1 兩組患者各項(xiàng)指數(shù)對(duì)比(±s,h)
表1 兩組患者各項(xiàng)指數(shù)對(duì)比(±s,h)
觀察組 25 18.8±4.2 21.6±3.3 7.5±4.1 21.8±6.4對(duì)照組 25 41.5±6.3 33.4±3.9 25.2±5.4 34.6±7.2 t值 - 2.016 3.112 11.206 3.062 P值 - <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05
表2 兩組患者手術(shù)后療效對(duì)比(n,%)
在本項(xiàng)研究討論中,針對(duì)腹腔鏡輔助下陰式全子宮切除術(shù)與開(kāi)腹全子宮切除術(shù)的護(hù)理比較,由此我們可以看出在全子宮摘除手術(shù)中采用腹腔鏡輔助下陰式全子宮切除術(shù)其創(chuàng)傷性小,拔出尿管時(shí)間、下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、肛門(mén)排氣時(shí)間、進(jìn)食時(shí)間早,對(duì)止痛藥使用率、住院時(shí)間及并發(fā)癥率少,這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)有效地降低了護(hù)理人員實(shí)施護(hù)理工作的難度,提高工作效率,患者在術(shù)后更容易積極地配合護(hù)理工作,提高了治療的效果,增加了患者滿意度,所以在腹腔鏡輔助下陰式全子宮切除術(shù)在對(duì)患者恢復(fù)和術(shù)后護(hù)理上是最適合全子宮切除手術(shù)患者的方案。
綜上所述,采取了兩種不同的治療手段實(shí)施全子宮切除手術(shù),腹腔鏡輔助下陰式全子宮切除術(shù)其創(chuàng)傷小、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥率和患者疼痛小,有效地提高了患者術(shù)后護(hù)理效果和病情恢復(fù)效率。
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Nursing Comparison of Endoscopic Assisted Vaginal Hysterectomy and Transabdominal Hysterectomy
XU Feng Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taizhou Fourth People's Hospital, Taizhou Jiangsu 225300, China
ObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy and abdominal hysterectomy nursing effect.Methods50 patients were selected as the study objects and were randomly divided into control group and observation group. The control group
laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy, the observation group in the conventional open abdominal hysterectomy.ResultsTwo groups of patients were successfully operated, postoperative nursing effect of the two groups were compared, the extubation time, ambulation time, anal exhaust time and eating time of the observation group were earlier than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The time of catheter removal, the time of getting out of bed, the time of anal exhaust and the time of eating in the control group were (41.5±6.3) h, (33.4±3.9) h, (25.2±5.4) h, (34.6±7.2) h respectively; The time of pulling out catheter, the time of getting out of bed, the time of anal exhaust and the time of eating in the observation group were (18.8±4.2) h, (21.6±3.3) h, (7.5±4.1) h, (21.8±6.4) h.ConclusionThe resection of the uterus underwent laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy with faster postoperative recovery, traumatic small, less adverse reactions.
laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy; Laparotomy;hysterectomy; nursing comparison
R473
A
1674-9308(2017)25-0160-02
10.3969/j.issn.1674-9308.2017.25.090
江蘇省泰州市第四人民醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科,江蘇 泰州 225300