李秀芳 林麗紅 黃相艷
流式細(xì)胞術(shù)下ARH對(duì)比LRH對(duì)早期宮頸癌患者外周血及腹腔液中Th1/Th2細(xì)胞因子的影響
李秀芳 林麗紅 黃相艷
目的探討腹腔鏡宮頸癌根治術(shù)(laparoscopic radical hysterectomy,LRH)以及開(kāi)腹宮頸癌根治術(shù)(abdominal radical hysterectomy,ARH)對(duì)早期宮頸癌患者機(jī)體的局部以及免疫系統(tǒng)的影響。方法選取早期(Ⅰa2~Ⅱa1)宮頸癌患者210例,分LRH組(行腔鏡手術(shù))118例,ARH組(行腹式手術(shù))92例。分別在術(shù)前1天、術(shù)后1天、術(shù)后3天抽取觀(guān)察組和對(duì)照組患者肘部靜脈血10 ml,在術(shù)中(在開(kāi)腹后或者腹腔鏡進(jìn)入腹部后立刻抽取腹腔沖洗液)、術(shù)后1天、術(shù)后3天抽取患者腹腔液5 ml,利用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)腹腔液中和外周血TH1/TH2細(xì)胞因子,比較LRH組和ARH組術(shù)前術(shù)后免疫狀態(tài)的變化。結(jié)果術(shù)后第1天ARH組TNF-α水平上升,然而LRH組變化不明顯;術(shù)后第3天ARH組表達(dá)水平繼續(xù)上升,LRH組變化不大,兩組間差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。術(shù)后1天2組的TH1/TH2比值均下降,與術(shù)前1天相比相對(duì)降低,組間差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);術(shù)后1月,2組患者TH1/TH2比值恢復(fù)術(shù)前水平。ARH組術(shù)后1天至術(shù)后3天IL-6水平比術(shù)中升高(P<0.05),而LRH組升高程度較小(P<0.05)。結(jié)論腔鏡下宮頸癌根治術(shù)與開(kāi)腹宮頸癌根治術(shù)相比對(duì)于全身的免疫系統(tǒng)干擾更小,并且創(chuàng)傷更小,恢復(fù)更迅速,可以廣泛應(yīng)用于宮頸癌的臨床治療。
腹膜免疫;子宮頸癌;腹腔鏡宮頸癌根治術(shù);TH1/TH2細(xì)胞因子
(ThePracticalJournalofCancer,2017,32:1527~1530)
隨著醫(yī)療技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,腹腔鏡手術(shù)在癌癥的治療領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。比起開(kāi)腹手術(shù),腔鏡手術(shù)對(duì)患者的免疫系統(tǒng)影響更小,術(shù)后并發(fā)癥少,住院時(shí)間短,并且其具有創(chuàng)傷小、術(shù)口更加美觀(guān)等優(yōu)勢(shì),因此備受廣大患者及醫(yī)務(wù)者的青睞[1-3]。流式細(xì)胞術(shù)是在細(xì)胞分子水平上通過(guò)單克隆抗體對(duì)單個(gè)細(xì)胞或其他生物粒子進(jìn)行多參數(shù)、快速的定量分析。它可以高速分析上萬(wàn)個(gè)細(xì)胞,并能同時(shí)測(cè)得一個(gè)細(xì)胞的多個(gè)參數(shù),具有準(zhǔn)確性好、精度高、速度快的優(yōu)點(diǎn)[4-5]。本研究通過(guò)流式細(xì)胞術(shù)來(lái)檢測(cè)腹腔宮頸癌根治術(shù)及開(kāi)腹宮頸癌根治術(shù)的術(shù)前術(shù)后血液中和腹腔液中Th1/Th2細(xì)胞因子含量,探究腹腔鏡與開(kāi)腹宮頸癌根治術(shù)對(duì)患者免疫系統(tǒng)和術(shù)后恢復(fù)的影響,為早期宮頸癌患者術(shù)式的選擇和預(yù)后判斷提供可靠的理論依據(jù)。
1.1 一般資料
選取在我院2011年7月至2016年2月間治療的早期(Ⅰa2~Ⅱa1)宮頸癌患者210例。根據(jù)手術(shù)方式分為L(zhǎng)RH組(腔鏡手術(shù))118例,ARH組(腹式手術(shù))92例。2組實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象手術(shù)時(shí)均全身麻醉,手術(shù)過(guò)程中都補(bǔ)充充分血容量,術(shù)中、術(shù)后未輸血。ARH組患者平均年齡(42.7±8.1)歲,體重指數(shù)(24.1±3.1)kg/m2;鱗癌80例,腺癌12例;Ⅰa2期0例,Ⅰb1期84例,Ⅰb2期4例,Ⅰa1期4例。LRH組患者平均年齡(41.3±6.4)歲,體重指數(shù)(23.5±2.5)kg/m2;鱗癌102例,腺癌16例;Ⅰa2期6例,Ⅰb1期108例,Ⅰb2期4例。本研究獲我院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患者或近親屬對(duì)研究方案簽署知情同意書(shū)。
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)病例選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):都為原發(fā)性腫瘤且確診為宮頸癌;全部患者手術(shù)前均經(jīng)過(guò)胸片和全身的淋巴結(jié)、盆、腹腔的B超檢查;手術(shù)前排除其他的內(nèi)外科合并癥;術(shù)后不接受免疫增強(qiáng)的治療;后續(xù)的系統(tǒng)治療都在我院進(jìn)行。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):除宮頸癌外患有其他癌癥;患者具有自身免疫病或重大免疫缺陷;患者不同意參與此次研究。
1.3 試劑和主要儀器
試劑:Cytometric Bead Array(CBA)(美國(guó)BD公司生產(chǎn));儀器:流式細(xì)胞儀FACSCalibur(美國(guó)BD公司)、超凈工作臺(tái)(Forma)、超低溫冰箱(Forma)、低溫高速離心機(jī)(Hemeus)及Lml吸頭(Asygen)。
1.4 方法
1.4.1 檢測(cè)方法 試劑:①BD Cytometric Bead Array Huaman Th1/Th2 Cytokine Kit Ⅱ,以此鑒別細(xì)胞因子的免疫表形。②PBS.PH保持在7.2~7.4。外周血和腹腔液的收集 :主要是收集實(shí)驗(yàn)組與對(duì)照組患者術(shù)后1天、3天的空腹外周血5 ml,收集后加0.8 ml ACD抗凝劑,充分混合,保存在冰盒中送至實(shí)驗(yàn)室。在腹腔中取腹腔積液2 ml,整個(gè)過(guò)程迅速流暢,術(shù)后1天及3天從引流管取液2 ml,收取后送至實(shí)驗(yàn)室分離,取上清液,于-30 ℃的冰箱中冷藏。
1.4.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟 檢測(cè)血液中Th1/Th2:取2 ml血液,1∶1的比例與PBS混合稀釋?zhuān)? ml復(fù)溫后的人淋巴細(xì)胞分離液,放入離心管中,稀釋后的血液4 ml鋪在分離液之上,將1 500 rpm離心半小時(shí),取中間白色層,加入PBS 2 ml后,離心10 min,取上清液,加入300 μl DMEM培養(yǎng)基,取100 μl放入離心管中,使用DMEM培養(yǎng)基稀釋?zhuān)?7 ℃下,5%CO2在培養(yǎng)箱中孵育5 h左右,將100 μl液體放入離心管中,加入2.5 μl CD8-TC和10 μl CD-3APC,避光室溫條件下孵育15 min,加入3 ml PBS,1 500 rpn離心5 min,除去上清液,用移液器混勻少許剩余液體;混合均勻的液體避光15 min,加入3 ml PBS,1 500 rpn離心5 min,除去上清液,用0.5 ml PBS重懸后,上機(jī)。
1.4.3 檢測(cè)腹腔液中Th1/Th2細(xì)胞因子 Th1和Th2細(xì)胞對(duì)機(jī)體的特異性免疫和非特異性免疫都有重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用,Th2細(xì)胞主要分泌IL-4、IL-5、IL-6和IL-10等,促進(jìn)B細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生抗體,Th1細(xì)胞在機(jī)體抗胞內(nèi)病毒感染中具有重要作用。當(dāng)機(jī)體受到異己抗原攻擊時(shí),會(huì)出現(xiàn)Th1或Th2細(xì)胞群功能升高,該現(xiàn)象即為T(mén)h1/Th2漂移。從冰箱中取出之前收集的標(biāo)本,在37 ℃環(huán)境下解凍,準(zhǔn)備潔凈的流式管,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品和腹腔液樣本,分別加入50 μl混合捕獲微球,向標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品中加入50 μl的人炎癥因子稀釋液,樣本管中加入50 μl腹腔液標(biāo)本,在室溫、避光條件下孵育1.5 h,加入1 ml洗滌緩沖劑,然后離心5 min,除去上清液,留下100 μl左右液體進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
應(yīng)用SPSS 20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)所得的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理和分析,組間數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比采用t檢驗(yàn)和卡方檢驗(yàn),P<0.05視為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 ARH和LHR術(shù)中和術(shù)后情況比較
ARH組手術(shù)用時(shí)與LRH組比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05);ARH組術(shù)中出血量比較多,并且通氣時(shí)間比較長(zhǎng),組間差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
表1 2組術(shù)后情況比較
2.2 ARH組和LRH組術(shù)中、術(shù)后1天腹腔液中TNF-α表達(dá)水平的變化和比較
術(shù)后第1天ARH組TNF-α水平上升(P<0.05),然而LRH組變化不明顯;術(shù)后第3天ARH組表達(dá)水平繼續(xù)上升,LRH組變化不大,見(jiàn)表2。
表2 2組術(shù)后TNF-α表達(dá)水平比較
2.3 2組腹腔液里TH1/TH2比值水平變化
術(shù)后1天2組的TH1/TH2比值均下降,與術(shù)前1天相比相對(duì)降低,組間差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);術(shù)后1月,2組患者TH1/TH2比值恢復(fù)到術(shù)前水平,見(jiàn)表3。
表3 2組腹腔液TH1/TH2比值水平變化
2.4 ARH組和LRH組術(shù)中、術(shù)后1天、術(shù)后3天腹腔液IL-6表達(dá)水平的變化情況
ARH組術(shù)后1天至術(shù)后3天IL-6水平比術(shù)中顯著升高(P<0.05),而LRH組升高程度較小(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表4。
表4 ARH組和LRH組術(shù)中、術(shù)后1天、術(shù)后3天IL-6表達(dá)水平的變化情況
宮頸癌是最常見(jiàn)的婦科惡性腫瘤,近年來(lái)其發(fā)病率有上升趨勢(shì)。隨著宮頸細(xì)胞學(xué)篩查的普遍應(yīng)用,宮頸癌能夠在早期被發(fā)現(xiàn)并進(jìn)行治療[6-8]。腹腔鏡手術(shù)技術(shù)的出現(xiàn),對(duì)患者機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)的影響將進(jìn)一步大幅度降低,在今后必將成為主流手術(shù)方式。流式細(xì)胞術(shù)在國(guó)內(nèi)外宮頸癌患者的治療中發(fā)揮著重要作用,目前已被廣泛應(yīng)用于宮頸癌的臨床治療,治療療效得到了眾多患者的認(rèn)可[9-11]。
本次研究通過(guò)觀(guān)察2種不同手術(shù)方式對(duì)腹腔液中TH1/TH2細(xì)胞因子影響情況,在術(shù)中不同時(shí)間段的研究表明,術(shù)后第1天ARH組TNF-α水平上升,然而LRH組變化不明顯;術(shù)后第3天ARH組表達(dá)水平繼續(xù)上升,LRH組變化不大,兩組間差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。術(shù)后1天2組的TH1/TH2比值均下降,與術(shù)前1天相比相對(duì)降低,ARH組降低程度更大,提示行ARH手術(shù)方案的患者創(chuàng)傷更大,組間差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,術(shù)后1月,兩組患者TH1/TH2比值恢復(fù)術(shù)前水平。ARH組術(shù)后1天至術(shù)后3天IL-6水平比術(shù)中升高(P<0.05),而LRH組升高程度較小。Th1和Th2細(xì)胞對(duì)機(jī)體的特異性免疫和非特異性免疫都有重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用,Th2細(xì)胞主要分泌IL-4、IL-5、IL-6和IL-10等,促進(jìn)B細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生抗體,Th1細(xì)胞在機(jī)體抗胞內(nèi)病毒感染中具有重要作用。當(dāng)機(jī)體受到異己抗原攻擊時(shí),會(huì)出現(xiàn)Th1或Th2細(xì)胞群功能升高,該現(xiàn)象即為T(mén)h1/Th2漂移。出現(xiàn)上述結(jié)果的主要原因是腔鏡式手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷程度更小,而創(chuàng)傷程度恰恰是外科類(lèi)手術(shù)對(duì)細(xì)胞免疫的影響因素。手術(shù)損傷會(huì)造成Th1、Th2平衡進(jìn)一步破環(huán),手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷口越大,平衡越向Th2偏移,由此說(shuō)明開(kāi)腹比腔鏡對(duì)細(xì)胞免疫的抑制更嚴(yán)重。
綜上所述,腔鏡下宮頸癌根治術(shù)與開(kāi)腹宮頸癌根治術(shù)相比對(duì)于全身的免疫系統(tǒng)干擾更小,并且創(chuàng)傷更小,恢復(fù)更迅速,可以廣泛應(yīng)用于宮頸癌的臨床治療。
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(編輯:甘艷)
FlowCytometryunderARHContrastLRHEarlyCervicalCancerinPeripheralBloodandPeritonealLiquidTh1/Th2CellFactor
LIXiufang,LINLihong,HUANGXiangyan.
AnyangTumorHospital,Anyang,455000
ObjectiveTo study the effect of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy(LRH) and abdominal radical hysterectomy (ARH) on patients’ immune system.Methods210 cases of (Ⅰa2~Ⅱa1) patients with early cervical cancer were divided into the observation group and the control group, the experimental group
LRH (118 cases) and the control group received ARH(92 cases ).Respectively 1 day before surgery,1 day,3 days after extraction of the 2 groups elbow venous blood 10 ml,during surgery (laparotomy or laparoscopy after extraction into the abdomen immediately peritoneal fluid),after 1 day,3 days after extracting 5ml peritoneal fluid of patients using flow cytometry before change in peritoneal fluid and peripheral blood of TH1/TH2 cytokines,the experimental group and control group postoperative immune status.ResultsAfter first days,the level of TNF-α in ARH group increased, but the change of LRH group was not obvious. The expression level of ARH Group continued to rise third days after operation, and the change of LRH group was not big. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). 1 days after operation, the ratio of TH1/TH2 in the 2 groups decreased, compared with the 1 day before operation, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), and in January, the ratio of TH1/TH2 in the two groups was restored to the preoperative level. In the ARH group, the IL-6 level increased 1 days after operation and 3 days after operation (P<0.05), while the LRH group was less elevated (P<0.05).ConclusionCompared with open radical cervical surgery,laparoscopic radical surgery for cervical cancer has less interference to the systemic immune system,less trauma and quicker recovery.It can be widely used in the clinical treatment of cervical cancer.
Immunized intraperitoneally;Cervical cancer;Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy(LRH);TH1/TH2 cytokines
455000 河南省安陽(yáng)市腫瘤醫(yī)院
10.3969/j.issn.1001-5930.2017.09.039
R737.33
A
1001-5930(2017)09-1527-04
2016-09-23
2017-03-09)