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磁共振彌散加權成像對宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結轉(zhuǎn)移診斷的應用價值

2017-10-20 10:37董樂丹肖琴琴葉瓊許化致楊運俊
中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2017年25期
關鍵詞:宮頸癌

董樂丹+肖琴琴+葉瓊+許化致+楊運俊

[摘要] 目的 探討磁共振彌散加權成像對宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結轉(zhuǎn)移診斷的臨床應用價值。 方法 收集2015年8月~2016年10月我院收治的26例行盆腔淋巴結清掃術的宮頸癌患者的術前MRI檢查資料,術后均經(jīng)病理檢查證實。比較分析宮頸癌原發(fā)灶、轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結及非轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結的ADC值差異;比較轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結與非轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結最長徑、最短徑及短/長徑之比。 結果 ①26例宮頸癌患者中轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結56枚,非轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結78枚;②轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結ADC均值為(874.19±158.72)×10-6 mm2/s),較非轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結ADC均值[(921.45±232.98)×10-6 mm2/s]略降低,但兩者間差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);宮頸癌原發(fā)灶ADC均值為(918.78±146.06)×10-6 mm2/s),與轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結、非轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結ADC均值兩兩比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05);③轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結與非轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結最長徑中位數(shù)分別為16.50 mm、7.00 mm,最短徑中位數(shù)分別為8.50 mm、5.00 mm,短長徑比的中位數(shù)為0.55、0.65,兩兩比較差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。 結論 DWI有利于盆腔淋巴結的檢出,但是ADC值測量對轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結的臨床診斷價值并不大。

[關鍵詞] 宮頸癌;磁共振彌散加權成像;轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結;ADC值

[中圖分類號] R737.33 [文獻標識碼] B [文章編號] 1673-9701(2017)25-0101-04

The application value of magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging in the diagnosis of pelvic lymph nodes metastasis of cervical cancer

DONG Ledan XIAO Qinqin YE Qiong XU Huazhi YANG Yunjun

Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical application value of MR diffusion weighted imaging in the diagnosis of pelvic lymph node metastasis of cervical cancer. Methods The preoperative MRI examination data of 26 patients with cervical cancer who underwent pelvic lymphadenectomy in our hospital from August 2015 to October 2016 were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of all cases was confirmed by postoperative MRI findings. The differences of ADC values among primary cervical cancer, metastatic lymph nodes and non-metastatic lymph nodes were analyzed. The longest diameter, the shortest diameter and the ratio of the short/long diameter were compared. Results ①There were 56 metastatic lymph nodes and 78 non-metastatic lymph nodes in 26 cases of cervical cancer. ②The mean value of metastatic lymph node ADC[(874.19±158.72)×10-6 mm2/s] was slightly lower than that of non-metastatic lymph node [(921.45±232.98)×10-6 mm2/s], but there was no significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the ADC value among the primary tumor[(918.78±146.06)×10-6 mm2/s], metastatic lymph node and non-metastatic lymph node of cervical cancer(P>0.05). ③The median of the longest diameter of the metastatic lymph nodes and the non-metastatic lymph nodes was 16.50 mm and 7.00 mm, respectively. The median of the shortest diameter was 8.50 mm and 5.00 mm, respectively. The median of short diameter/long diameter was 0.55, 0.65 respectively. There was statistically significant difference among the groups(P<0.05). Conclusion DWI is helpful for the detection of pelvic lymph nodes, but the clinical diagnostic value of ADC measurement is not significant.endprint

[Key words] Cervical cancer; Magnetic resonance diffusion weighted imaging; Metastatic lymph node; ADC value

宮頸癌是我國女性生殖系統(tǒng)最常見的惡性腫瘤[1]。按照國際FIGO系統(tǒng),宮頸癌的臨床分期與淋巴結是否轉(zhuǎn)移并無直接關聯(lián)[2],但是具體治療方案、療效及預后情況與淋巴結是否轉(zhuǎn)移密切相關[3]。國內(nèi)外大量文獻已經(jīng)證實淋巴結轉(zhuǎn)移是宮頸癌患者重要的獨立危險因素之一[4]。因此,盆腔淋巴結轉(zhuǎn)移是判斷預后及指導治療方案的重要依據(jù)[5,6],目前臨床工作中MRI診斷主要依據(jù)淋巴結形態(tài)學改變來判斷是否存在轉(zhuǎn)移。國內(nèi)外許多的研究認為DWI對盆腔各類惡性腫瘤的淋巴結檢出及是否轉(zhuǎn)移具有較高的臨床價值[7-9],但在確診盆腔轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結尚存在諸多爭議[10],本研究主要探討MRI檢查對宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結是否轉(zhuǎn)移的診斷價值,并探討ADC值的臨床價值。

1 資料與方法

1.1一般資料

選擇2015年8月~2016年10月于我院行MRI檢查且經(jīng)病理組織檢查證實的宮頸癌患者26例作為研究對象,年齡31~76歲,平均53歲,其中鱗癌24例,腺癌1例,其他(原始神經(jīng)外胚葉腫瘤)1例。納入標準:(1)經(jīng)宮頸活檢病理診斷明確,臨床分期為Ⅰa~Ⅱa期;(2)術前無放化療等輔助治療;(3)術前常規(guī)行盆腔MRI檢查;(4)均行全子宮切除加淋巴結清掃術,術中清楚記錄淋巴結部位及數(shù)目,術后均有病理結果。排除標準:(1)術前行放化療檢查患者;(2)術前MRI檢查時間與手術時間超過20 d。

1.2 儀器與方法

本組所有患者均使用飛利浦Achieva 3.0T TX超導型磁共振掃描,行盆腔MRI常規(guī)檢查,采用腹部16通道相控陣線圈,依次行DWI、T1WI、軸位T2WI、矢狀位T2WI及冠狀位T2WI。

1.3 圖像處理及評定標準

所有數(shù)據(jù)處理均由具備臨床工作經(jīng)驗的兩名放射科醫(yī)師進行。根據(jù)手術記錄資料、病理結果及常規(guī)MR圖像,確定子宮原發(fā)灶、轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結及非轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結。轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結判定:轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結指影像上存在1個或1個以上轉(zhuǎn)移征象,手術中確認部位及病理結果確診,對不能確認者予以剔除。首先將軸位T2WI圖像上所有淋巴結短徑(Short-axis diameter)≥3 mm者納入本組研究,同時測量淋巴結長徑(Long-axis diameter)。聯(lián)合常規(guī)T1WI及T2WI圖像,使用Image Analyzer軟件結合DWI于ADC圖上繪制宮頸癌原發(fā)灶、轉(zhuǎn)移及非轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結的每一層面感興趣區(qū)而獲得病灶體積感興趣(VOI),然后通過使用Matelab軟件計算獲得ADC值,如圖1所示。

1.4 統(tǒng)計學方法

應用SPSS23.0軟件包進行數(shù)據(jù)分析,盆腔淋巴結長徑、短徑測量值為偏態(tài)分布計量資料,淋巴結最長徑、最短徑采用中位數(shù)及四分位數(shù)表示,兩組最長徑、最短徑及短長比采用獨立樣本秩和檢驗;兩組原發(fā)病灶及淋巴結所測ADC均值為計量資料,宮頸癌原發(fā)病灶、轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結及非轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結三組之間的比較采用方差分析,檢驗水準α=0.05,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。

2 結果

2.1 盆腔淋巴結基本資料分析結果

轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結與非轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結基本分析(部位、形態(tài)及邊緣)見表1。共收集盆腔淋巴結134枚,其中非轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結78枚,轉(zhuǎn)移淋巴結56枚。結果提示非轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結形態(tài)以橢圓形為主,邊緣基本光整,淋巴結在盆腔掃描中均可顯示。轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結仍以橢圓形為主,但在影像上不規(guī)則或融合形態(tài)更能提示轉(zhuǎn)移性;邊緣顯示則以毛糙改變?yōu)橹鳎枨徊课徊o特殊性。

2.2 轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結與非轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結最長徑、最短徑及短長徑比

轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結與非轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結最長徑、最短徑及短長徑比分析見表2。結果表明,盆腔轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結與非轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結最長徑、最短徑及短/長徑比之間的差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P均<0.05)。

2.3 宮頸癌原發(fā)灶及盆腔淋巴結ADC值分析結果

宮頸癌原發(fā)灶、盆腔轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結和非轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結之間ADC均值結果比較,見表3。結果提示宮頸癌原發(fā)病、轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結與非轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結之間兩兩比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05)。

3 討論

宮頸癌是女性生殖系統(tǒng)中最常見的惡性腫瘤之一[1],嚴重威脅女性的身心健康。宮頸癌的早期診斷、正確分期及淋巴結是否轉(zhuǎn)移的評判對手術方式的選擇以及療效、預后都具有重要意義[2,11]。目前臨床上宮頸癌手術均采用全子宮切除加盆腔淋巴結清掃,對患者的創(chuàng)傷較大,會伴有神經(jīng)損傷、淋巴管囊腫等并發(fā)癥,因此術前正確評估對臨床選擇個體化治療具有重要意義[12],部分患者可以避免盆腔淋巴結的清掃。

磁共振擴散加權成像(DWI)是臨床上應用較廣泛的功能成像之一,也是目前影像學檢查中唯一能夠觀察組織水分子活動的無創(chuàng)性檢查手段[13,14]。DWI成像原理的主要病理性改變是正常組織局部發(fā)生病變時,細胞密度、細胞代謝等發(fā)生變化,致使水分子的擴散也發(fā)生不同程度的變化[7,15]?;谶@樣的原理磁共振DWI最早是應用于中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng),尤其是急性腦卒中患者的檢查,這是因為急性腦卒中會導致水分子擴散受限[16]。目前也證實DWI對于組織器官良惡性腫瘤的鑒別是很重要的檢查手段之一[17],因為惡性腫瘤細胞比正常組織密集以及細胞體積較大[18],因此DWI圖像上呈明顯高信號,ADC圖上呈明顯低信號。另外,很多的研究也認為淋巴結在DWI上可以清楚顯示高信號[19]。因此關于DWI檢查來鑒別轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結與非轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結的臨床價值尚有很多爭議[3],部分研究認為于DWI上測量ADC值可以從影像上定量性區(qū)分轉(zhuǎn)移及非轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結,但目前尚無明確標準值參考范圍[7-8];也有部分研究認為DWI聯(lián)合T2WI上描述淋巴結形態(tài)、大小及邊緣可以大致檢出及評估轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結與非轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結[18,20]。endprint

本研究結果顯示評估盆腔淋巴結是否轉(zhuǎn)移,T2WI對淋巴結形態(tài)、邊緣及大小的評判可以提供重要的信息,轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結形態(tài)常顯示不規(guī)則或融合狀態(tài),邊緣常常顯示毛糙或伴有滲出的改變,同時也可以呈橢圓形或圓形以及邊緣光整,因此對淋巴結形態(tài)及邊緣的描述可以提供一定的信息,但不足以評判是否轉(zhuǎn)移。本研究結果還表明轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結與非轉(zhuǎn)移信淋巴結兩組間的最長徑、最短徑及短/長徑比之間具有明顯差異,且兩組間的差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。這與賀李等[21]研究者認為淋巴結的大小可以作為影像評判的主要指標之一相符,該研究還認為淋巴結短徑>20 mm,常規(guī)MRI基本可以準確診斷為轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結,但同時也表明尚不能將短徑>10 mm作為評判標準之一,許多研究者通過嚴格的“點對點”影像及病理結合研究發(fā)現(xiàn)<10 mm的轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結并不少見[13,18],本研究中也發(fā)現(xiàn)此現(xiàn)象。另外,許多的研究[22]認為ADC值可以反映病變組織的特性,可以定量評估轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結[23]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結ADC均值低于非轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結及宮頸癌原發(fā)灶,但是組間差異無統(tǒng)計學意義。雖然目前有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)盆腔轉(zhuǎn)移與非轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結之間ADC值差異具有顯著性差壓,但是有研究[24]結果顯示ADC值測量對診斷淋巴結是否轉(zhuǎn)移并沒有很大貢獻。但就本研究分析原因可能如下:(1)大部分研究所測的ADC值是淋巴結或?qū)m頸癌原發(fā)病灶單層圖像上所畫取的興趣區(qū)(region of interest,ROI)ADC值,本研究所測的ADC值為淋巴結或?qū)m頸癌原發(fā)灶全體積ADC值的均值,因此可能與研究者使用的方法不同存有一定的關系,而目前尚較少文獻使用該方法對淋巴結的是否轉(zhuǎn)移情況進行研究,因此該方法還需要更多的研究。(2)可能與本研究樣本不足有一定關系,因此下一步研究需要擴大樣本量,此外還可能與研究工作中研究者與的手工畫取感興趣區(qū)存有一定的誤差有關。

綜上所述,3.0T磁共振DWI對宮頸癌盆腔淋巴結的顯示具有明顯優(yōu)勢,轉(zhuǎn)移性及非轉(zhuǎn)移性淋巴結的最長徑、最短徑及短/長徑比之間的差異有統(tǒng)計學意義,結合淋巴結形態(tài)及邊緣情況的綜合評判可以提高淋巴結轉(zhuǎn)移性診斷的準確性。

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