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富氫水浸種增強(qiáng)黃瓜幼苗耐冷性的作用及其生理機(jī)制

2017-10-14 00:19:14劉豐嬌蔡冰冰孫勝楠畢煥改艾希珍
關(guān)鍵詞:富氫冷性脯氨酸

劉豐嬌,蔡冰冰,孫勝楠,畢煥改,艾希珍

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富氫水浸種增強(qiáng)黃瓜幼苗耐冷性的作用及其生理機(jī)制

劉豐嬌,蔡冰冰,孫勝楠,畢煥改,艾希珍

(山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)園藝科學(xué)與工程學(xué)院/作物生物學(xué)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室/農(nóng)業(yè)部黃淮地區(qū)園藝作物生物學(xué)與種質(zhì)創(chuàng)制重點(diǎn)開(kāi)放實(shí)驗(yàn)室/山東省果蔬優(yōu)質(zhì)高效生產(chǎn)協(xié)同創(chuàng)新中心,山東泰安 271018)

【目的】氫氣(H2)是近年來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種新型氣體信號(hào)分子,它參與植物對(duì)高溫、干旱、鹽害、重金屬等多種逆境脅迫的響應(yīng)。探討外源氫氣(H2)對(duì)黃瓜幼苗耐冷性的調(diào)控作用及其生理機(jī)制,為增強(qiáng)日光溫室黃瓜對(duì)低溫的適應(yīng)能力提供技術(shù)指導(dǎo)?!痉椒ā恳浴騼?yōu)35號(hào)’黃瓜品種為試材,用飽和富氫水(HRW,H2供體)浸種,蒸餾水浸種作對(duì)照(CK),常溫下育苗。幼苗長(zhǎng)至2葉1心時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)移至光照培養(yǎng)箱中進(jìn)行低溫(晝/夜溫度8℃/5℃)處理,分別于處理后0、1、3和5 d后測(cè)定相關(guān)生理指標(biāo)?!窘Y(jié)果】低溫脅迫可使黃瓜幼苗葉片的電解質(zhì)滲漏率(EL)、冷害指數(shù)、過(guò)氧化氫(H2O2)和丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧陰離子()產(chǎn)生速率持續(xù)升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、過(guò)氧化物酶(POD)、過(guò)氧化氫酶(CAT)、抗壞血酸過(guò)氧化物酶(APX)和谷胱甘肽還原酶(GR)活性及還原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)、抗壞血酸(AsA)、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量先升高后降低,相對(duì)含水量呈下降趨勢(shì)。與CK相比,低溫脅迫下HRW處理的EL和冷害指數(shù)的增加幅度較小,H2O2和MDA含量及產(chǎn)生速率較低,而SOD、POD、CAT、APX和GR活性及GSH和AsA含量較高。脅迫結(jié)束時(shí)(5 d),HRW處理的EL比CK低11.3個(gè)百分點(diǎn),冷害指數(shù)較CK低15.9%,H2O2和MDA含量分別比CK低29.4%和9.9%,產(chǎn)生速率較CK低54.3%;而SOD、POD、CAT、APX和GR活性分別比CK高12.6%、20.1%、20.9%、53.0%和58.1%,GSH和AsA含量分別較CK高24.0%和17.6%。低溫下HRW處理的黃瓜幼苗葉片的相對(duì)含水量降低幅度明顯小于CK,而脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量始終高于CK。脅迫5 d時(shí),HRW的相對(duì)含水量比CK高6.4個(gè)百分點(diǎn),脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量分別比CK高23.0%和41.5%?!窘Y(jié)論】富氫水浸種可增強(qiáng)黃瓜幼苗耐冷性,其主要作用機(jī)理是:(1)增強(qiáng)低溫下黃瓜幼苗抗氧化系統(tǒng)活性,減少活性氧(ROS)積累,從而減輕膜脂過(guò)氧化傷害;(2)通過(guò)提高低溫下黃瓜幼苗葉片的滲透調(diào)節(jié)能力,減緩幼苗失水速度,以較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間地維持生理功能。

低溫脅迫;富氫水;種子處理;活性氧;滲透調(diào)節(jié);黃瓜

0 引言

【研究意義】黃瓜(L.)屬于冷敏感植物,在北方冬春季日光溫室生產(chǎn)中經(jīng)常遭遇低溫脅迫,據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì),設(shè)施黃瓜每年因低溫造成的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失高達(dá)50億元以上。因此,研究黃瓜對(duì)低溫脅迫的響應(yīng)及緩解低溫逆境障礙的有效措施具有重要意義?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】氫氣(H2)是自然界中結(jié)構(gòu)最簡(jiǎn)單的氣體分子,由于生物體內(nèi)缺乏直接利用氫分子的酶,所以,它一直被認(rèn)為屬于生理惰性氣體[1]。直到1947年,Boichenko[2]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),某些高等植物體內(nèi)可能存在氫化酶,且于1964年被Renwick等[3]所證實(shí)。近年來(lái)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),氫氣具有抗氧化、抗炎癥、抗過(guò)敏等作用,可作為醫(yī)療氣體,用于人類(lèi)疾病治療[4-5]。在植物中,氫氣可能作為氣體信號(hào)分子參與植物對(duì)逆境脅迫的響應(yīng)。Xie等[6]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),氫氣可與活性氧(ROS)、一氧化氮(NO)、保衛(wèi)細(xì)胞K+通道共同參與ABA介導(dǎo)的氣孔關(guān)閉。富氫水預(yù)處理能激活植物轉(zhuǎn)錄因子及其下游抗氧化基因的表達(dá),促進(jìn)Na+的外排,協(xié)助維持離子平衡,調(diào)控ABA、乙烯、茉莉酸等激素信號(hào),從而減輕NaCl脅迫損傷[7-9]。富氫水浸種還可減少植物對(duì)重金屬的吸收和積累,重建細(xì)胞內(nèi)離子平衡[10-12];增強(qiáng)抗氧化酶和抗氧化非酶類(lèi)物質(zhì)的表達(dá)量和活性[11-12];增加抗氧化損傷信號(hào)通路中血紅素氧化酶(HO-1)表達(dá)量和活性,參與HO-1信號(hào)途徑協(xié)助抵御逆境脅迫[13]。【本研究切入點(diǎn)】雖然已經(jīng)明確H2參與植物的抗逆反應(yīng),然而有關(guān)H2對(duì)植物耐冷性調(diào)控的研究尚未見(jiàn)報(bào)道?!緮M解決的關(guān)鍵問(wèn)題】以‘津優(yōu)35號(hào)’黃瓜為試材,通過(guò)人工模擬低溫弱光環(huán)境,研究外源H2制得的富氫水處理種子對(duì)低溫下黃瓜幼苗抗氧化系統(tǒng)和滲透調(diào)節(jié)的影響,旨在探討富氫水對(duì)黃瓜耐冷性的調(diào)控機(jī)理,為進(jìn)一步了解富氫水處理在植物非生物脅迫應(yīng)答中的作用提供理論依據(jù),也為增強(qiáng)日光溫室黃瓜對(duì)低溫的適應(yīng)能力提供技術(shù)指導(dǎo)。

1 材料與方法

試驗(yàn)于2015年在山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)進(jìn)行。

1.1 供試材料及試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)

用QL-300純水氫氣發(fā)生器(山東塞克塞斯氫能源有限公司)將純度99.999%的H2以300 mL·min-1流速充入1 L蒸餾水(pH 5.86,25℃)中,1 h后用ENH-1000便攜式溶解氫測(cè)定儀(日本)測(cè)定氫氣含量,達(dá)到飽和時(shí)停止充氣,制成濃度為(0.45±0.02)mmol·L-1的富氫水備用。供試黃瓜(L.)品種為‘津優(yōu)35號(hào)’(購(gòu)自天津市黃瓜研究所)。選取140粒健康飽滿(mǎn)的黃瓜種子,先用55℃溫水浸泡殺菌,15 min后平分為兩組,分別用飽和富氫水(HRW)和蒸餾水(CK)浸種8 h,然后將種子排放入鋪有3張定性濾紙(分別用等量的HRW和蒸餾水潤(rùn)濕)的培養(yǎng)皿中,置于28℃恒溫箱中催芽。種子露白后在日光溫室內(nèi)用10 cm×10 cm營(yíng)養(yǎng)缽育苗。幼苗長(zhǎng)至2葉1心時(shí),每處理選取生長(zhǎng)一致的幼苗50株,置于光照培養(yǎng)箱中進(jìn)行低溫(晝/夜溫度8℃/5℃)處理,光量子通量密度(PFD)100 μmol·m-2·s-1,光周期12 h/12 h。分別于處理0、1、3和5 d后取樣測(cè)定,每處理重復(fù)3次,取平均值。

1.2 試驗(yàn)方法

1.2.1 冷害指數(shù)與電解質(zhì)滲漏率 用奧立龍(ORION)TDS型電導(dǎo)率儀(DDB-303A,美國(guó))測(cè)定上數(shù)第2片葉的電導(dǎo)率,參照趙世杰等[14]的方法計(jì)算電解質(zhì)滲漏率(EL);參照于賢昌等[15]的方法測(cè)定冷害指數(shù)。

1.2.2 過(guò)氧化氫含量與超氧陰離子產(chǎn)生速率 過(guò)氧化氫(H2O2)組織化學(xué)染色參照THORDAL-CHRISTENSEN等[16]的二氨基聯(lián)苯胺(DBA)染色法進(jìn)行,用南京建成生物科技有限公司生產(chǎn)的試劑盒檢測(cè)H2O2含量;超氧陰離子()組織化學(xué)染色參考JABS等[17]的方法進(jìn)行,用羥胺氧化法測(cè)定產(chǎn)生速率[17]。

1.2.3 丙二醛含量與抗氧化酶活性 采用硫代巴比妥酸(TBA)比色法[18]測(cè)定丙二醛(MDA)含量,氮藍(lán)四唑(NBT)還原法[19]測(cè)定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,以抑制光化還原50%為1個(gè)酶活性單位;參照OMRAN[20]的方法測(cè)定過(guò)氧化物酶(POD)活性;按CHANCE和MAEHLY[21]的方法測(cè)定過(guò)氧化氫酶(CAT)活性;參照NAKANO和ASADA[22]的方法測(cè)定抗壞血酸過(guò)氧化物酶(APX)活性;按FOYER和HALLIWELL[23]的方法測(cè)定谷胱甘肽還原酶(GR)活性。

1.2.4 谷胱甘肽(GSH)與抗壞血酸(AsA)含量 用比色法測(cè)定谷胱甘肽(GSH)和抗壞血酸(AsA)含量[24]。

1.2.5 相對(duì)含水量、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量 用磺基水楊酸法[19]測(cè)定脯氨酸含量;蒽酮比色法[19]測(cè)定可溶性糖含量。

1.3 數(shù)據(jù)處理

分別用Microsoft Excel和SigmaPlot處理數(shù)據(jù)和作圖,用DPS軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行單因素方差分析,并運(yùn)用Duncan檢驗(yàn)法對(duì)顯著性差異(<0.05)進(jìn)行多重比較。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 富氫水浸種處理對(duì)低溫下黃瓜幼苗電解質(zhì)滲漏率和冷害指數(shù)的影響

從圖1-A看出,低溫下黃瓜幼苗葉片的EL逐漸升高,但與CK相比,HRW的升高幅度顯著減小。脅迫1 d時(shí),HRW處理的EL比脅迫前增加了2.6個(gè)百分點(diǎn),而CK的增加了10.5個(gè)百分點(diǎn),脅迫結(jié)束(5 d)時(shí),HRW處理的EL為60.4%,CK的為71.7%,前者比后者低11.3個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。低溫下黃瓜幼苗的冷害指數(shù)變化趨勢(shì)與EL相同,即脅迫時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),冷害指數(shù)越高(圖1-B),HRW處理的始終低于CK。低溫脅迫5 d時(shí),HRW處理的冷害指數(shù)比CK低15.9%,說(shuō)明用HRW浸種可提高黃瓜幼苗耐冷性。

2.2 富氫水浸種處理對(duì)低溫下黃瓜幼苗葉片H2O2和含量的影響

從圖2-A、B看出,低溫脅迫前,黃瓜幼苗葉片中的H2O2和含量很低,且兩處理差異不大,脅迫5 d后,H2O2和積累量大幅增加,但HRW葉片中的H2O2和積累量明顯少于CK。圖2-C、D顯示,低溫下兩個(gè)處理的H2O2含量和產(chǎn)生速率均快速增加,但HRW處理的增加幅度明顯小于CK,且脅迫時(shí)間越長(zhǎng),二者差異越大。低溫脅迫5 d時(shí),HRW的H2O2含量比CK低29.4%,產(chǎn)生速率較CK低54.3%??梢?jiàn),HRW浸種可明顯減少ROS積累,減輕細(xì)胞膜脂過(guò)氧化傷害,這可能是H2提高黃瓜幼苗耐冷性的重要機(jī)制。

不同字母表示存在顯著性差異(P<0.05)。下同

A、C:H2O2;B、D:

2.3 富氫水浸種處理對(duì)低溫脅迫下黃瓜幼苗葉片抗氧化系統(tǒng)的影響

MDA是脂質(zhì)過(guò)氧化的主要產(chǎn)物,其含量高低可以反映植物膜系統(tǒng)的受傷程度。從圖3-A看出,低溫前HRW處理的MDA含量與CK相差不大,隨著低溫脅迫時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),MDA含量均逐漸增加,但HRW處理的升高幅度明顯小于CK。低溫脅迫5 d時(shí),HRW處理的MDA含量比對(duì)照低9.9%。

圖3-B顯示,低溫脅迫初期,HRW和CK的SOD活性快速增加,3 d后趨于降低,前者始終高于后者。脅迫結(jié)束時(shí),HRW處理的SOD活性比CK高12.6%。POD、CAT、APX和GR活性(圖3-C—F)的變化趨勢(shì)與SOD相似,即均隨著低溫脅迫時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)先升高,后降低,HRW處理的顯著高于CK。說(shuō)明HRW可通過(guò)提高抗氧化酶活性清除ROS,減輕低溫對(duì)黃瓜幼苗細(xì)胞膜的傷害。

圖4表明,低溫脅迫1 d時(shí),黃瓜幼苗葉片的GSH含量變化不大,且HRW處理的與CK差異不顯著;脅迫時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)至3 d時(shí),HRW與CK的GSH含量均快速增加,但前者的增加幅度明顯大于后者。脅迫時(shí)間繼續(xù)延長(zhǎng),兩處理的GSH含量同步下降,但HRW的仍顯著高于CK。脅迫結(jié)束時(shí),HRW處理GSH含量比CK高24.0%。

低溫下AsA含量的變化趨勢(shì)如圖3-B所示,脅迫初期,黃瓜幼苗葉片的AsA含量快速增加,HRW處理的與CK差異不大;1 d后兩個(gè)處理的AsA含量均逐漸降低,但HRW處理的降低幅度較明顯小于CK,脅迫5 d時(shí)HRW處理的AsA含量比CK高17.6%。

圖3 富氫水浸種處理對(duì)低溫脅迫下黃瓜幼苗葉片MDA含量和抗氧化酶活性的影響

2.4 富氫水浸種處理對(duì)低溫脅迫下黃瓜幼苗葉片含水量、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量的影響

從圖5看出,低溫脅迫前HRW和CK黃瓜幼苗葉片的相對(duì)含水量無(wú)顯著差異;脅迫1 d時(shí)快速下降,HRW處理的下降幅度略低于CK。脅迫時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)至3 d時(shí),HRW處理的相對(duì)含水量明顯回升,而CK的趨于平穩(wěn)。脅迫時(shí)間繼續(xù)延長(zhǎng),HRW和CK的相對(duì)含水量又逐漸降低,且前者的降低幅度小于后者。因此,脅迫結(jié)束時(shí),HRW處理的相對(duì)含水量為79.8%,比脅迫前只降低了5.4個(gè)百分點(diǎn),而CK的相對(duì)含水量降至73.4%,比脅迫前降低了11.0個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。

圖4 富氫水浸種處理對(duì)低溫脅迫下黃瓜幼苗葉片還原型谷胱甘肽和抗壞血酸含量的影響

圖5 富氫水浸種處理對(duì)低溫脅迫下黃瓜幼苗葉片相對(duì)含水量及脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量的影響

游離脯氨酸與可溶性糖是植物細(xì)胞內(nèi)重要的滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì),含量越高越有利于細(xì)胞持水和生物大分子穩(wěn)定。圖5結(jié)果表明,低溫脅迫前,HRW處理黃瓜幼苗葉片的脯氨酸含量與CK差異不大;脅迫后均逐漸增加,但HRW處理的增加幅度顯著大于CK,3 d時(shí)HRW處理的脯氨酸含量較CK高14.5%,之后各處理都趨于下降,但HRW的仍顯著高于CK。低溫脅迫初期,黃瓜幼苗葉片的可溶性糖含量快速升高,但HRW處理的升高幅度明顯大于CK;脅迫時(shí)間超過(guò)1 d時(shí),兩個(gè)處理的可溶性糖含量均趨于平穩(wěn)。脅迫結(jié)束時(shí),HRW處理的可溶性糖含量比CK高41.5%??梢?jiàn),利用HRW浸種可通過(guò)提高低溫下黃瓜幼苗葉片的滲透調(diào)節(jié)能力,增加幼苗吸水量或減少植株失水量,這是黃瓜幼苗耐冷性增強(qiáng)的重要機(jī)理之一。

3 討論

近年來(lái)的研究證實(shí),氫氣作為一種新的信號(hào)分子參與植物對(duì)逆境的響應(yīng),在抵御植物對(duì)干旱[6]、鹽漬[7-8]、重金屬[10-12]等非生物脅迫中有重要作用。本研究結(jié)果表明,低溫脅迫可使黃瓜幼苗葉片的EL和冷害指數(shù)顯著升高,但經(jīng)HRW處理后其葉片的EL和冷害指數(shù)升高幅度明顯小于CK,表明富氫水可誘導(dǎo)黃瓜幼苗耐冷性。

正常條件下,植物細(xì)胞內(nèi)活性氧(ROS)的產(chǎn)生和清除處于動(dòng)態(tài)平衡狀態(tài),但當(dāng)受到逆境脅迫時(shí),植物對(duì)ROS的調(diào)控能力降低,ROS(H2O2、、·OH等)則會(huì)在細(xì)胞內(nèi)積累[25]。SU等[26]研究表明,富氫水處理能降低紫外線(xiàn)照射下蘿卜花芽?jī)?nèi)的H2O2和含量,降低膜質(zhì)過(guò)氧化程度。CUI等[12]研究表明富氫水可減少ROS的產(chǎn)生,幫助植物對(duì)抗汞毒害帶來(lái)的氧化損傷。XU等[8]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)富氫水可減少鹽脅迫下水稻丙二醛積累量。在本試驗(yàn)中,隨著低溫脅迫時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),黃瓜幼苗葉片中的H2O2和大量積累,MDA含量逐漸增加,與CK相比,HRW處理的H2O2、和MDA含量增加幅度較小,葉片受傷程度明顯減輕。可見(jiàn),氫氣可減輕低溫引起的ROS積累和膜脂過(guò)氧化傷害,與前人研究結(jié)果一致,這對(duì)提高黃瓜幼苗耐冷性具有重要意義。

植物體內(nèi)存在兩類(lèi)保護(hù)系統(tǒng):一類(lèi)是包括SOD、POD、CAT、APX、GR等在內(nèi)的酶促保護(hù)系統(tǒng),另一類(lèi)是包括GSH、AsA等在內(nèi)的非酶促保護(hù)系統(tǒng)。在酶促保護(hù)系統(tǒng)中,SOD是植物抗氧化系統(tǒng)的第一道防線(xiàn),其主要作用是使Mehler反應(yīng)中產(chǎn)生的ROS轉(zhuǎn)化成H2O2,然后通過(guò)POD、CAT等將H2O2分解為H2O和O2[27]。APX能通過(guò)AsA-谷胱甘肽-NADPH循環(huán),清除H2O2和,GR可以直接抑制的形成,減少自由基的積累[28]。前人研究證明,氫氣可以通過(guò)增加抗氧化酶如CAT和SOD等的活性來(lái)保護(hù)細(xì)胞[29-30]。JIN等[13]研究表明,富氫水可以增加苜蓿抗氧化酶活性和基因表達(dá)量,抵御農(nóng)藥導(dǎo)致的氧化損傷。CUI等[11-12]研究表明,富氫水可增加SOD、POD和APX等抗氧化酶的活性,并增加一些非酶類(lèi)抗氧化物的含量,如GSH和AsA,幫助植物對(duì)抗鎘、汞毒害帶來(lái)的氧化損傷。本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,低溫脅迫初期,黃瓜幼苗葉片的SOD、CAT、POD、APX和GR活性,以及GSH和AsA含量均逐漸升高,說(shuō)明短時(shí)低溫不僅會(huì)提高細(xì)胞ROS水平,同時(shí)也可誘導(dǎo)植物建立防御體系。當(dāng)脅迫時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí),ROS積累量進(jìn)一步增加,植物體內(nèi)的防御系統(tǒng)會(huì)遭到破壞,因此抗氧化酶活性降低,GSH和AsA等抗氧化物質(zhì)含量也趨于下降。與CK相比,HRW處理的抗氧化酶活性及GSH和AsA含量均顯著提高,表明HRW能夠增強(qiáng)黃瓜幼苗葉片的抗氧化能力,抑制ROS的產(chǎn)生和積累。這是氫氣提高黃瓜幼苗耐冷性的重要機(jī)理。

從圖5看出,低溫脅迫初期,黃瓜幼苗葉片的相對(duì)含水量快速下降,說(shuō)明短時(shí)低溫可使黃瓜幼苗葉片快速失水。這一方面因?yàn)槠涓滴芰ρ杆贉p弱,另一方面是氣孔蒸騰失去控制[31]。低溫脅迫1 d后,HRW處理的相對(duì)含水量明顯回升,CK也趨于平穩(wěn),說(shuō)明黃瓜幼苗可在一定時(shí)間內(nèi)對(duì)低溫脅迫逐步產(chǎn)生適應(yīng)機(jī)制。然而,當(dāng)?shù)蜏孛{迫時(shí)間超過(guò)3 d時(shí),黃瓜幼苗葉片的相對(duì)含水量又呈下降趨勢(shì),表明幼苗的生理代謝受抑程度超出其自身的適應(yīng)和保護(hù)能力,因此,葉片失水量逐漸增加,冷害癥狀進(jìn)一步加重。與CK相比,HRW處理的相對(duì)含水量降低幅度顯著小于CK,說(shuō)明氫氣可減緩低溫下黃瓜葉片失水,從而可在較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間內(nèi)維持正常的生理功能。低溫脅迫初期,黃瓜幼苗葉片的脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量也明顯升高,即幼苗會(huì)主動(dòng)積累滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì),提高細(xì)胞液的滲透壓,增加蛋白質(zhì)分子的水合度,增強(qiáng)細(xì)胞的吸水和保水能力[32]。HRW處理的可溶性糖與脯氨酸的含量在低溫脅迫初期的增加幅度明顯大于CK,而1—3 d后的降低幅度略小于CK。表明氫氣能通過(guò)增加低溫下黃瓜幼苗葉片的滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)含量提高其滲透調(diào)節(jié)能力,從而減輕低溫傷害,這是其耐冷性增強(qiáng)的重要原因之一。

4 結(jié)論

富氫水浸種可以降低低溫下黃瓜幼苗葉片的電解質(zhì)滲透率和冷害指數(shù),減少活性氧在細(xì)胞內(nèi)的積累,富氫水處理的黃瓜幼苗抗氧化酶活性、還原型谷胱甘肽和抗壞血酸含量、葉片相對(duì)含水量及滲透調(diào)節(jié)物質(zhì)含量顯著高于對(duì)照。富氫水處理種子能通過(guò)提高抗氧化系統(tǒng)活性及滲透調(diào)節(jié)能力來(lái)增強(qiáng)黃瓜幼苗耐冷性。

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(責(zé)任編輯 趙伶俐)

Effect of Hydrogen-rich Water Soaked Cucumber Seeds on Cold Tolerance and Its physiological Mechanism in Cucumber Seedlings

LIU Fengjiao, CAI Bingbing, SUN Shengnan, BI Huangai , AI Xizhen

(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Key Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Biology and Germplasm Innovation of Ministry of Agriculture/Collaborative Innovation Center of Shandong Province with High Quality and Efficient Production of Fruit and Vegetable, Tai’an 271018, Shandong)

【Objective】Hydrogen (H2), a newly discovered gas signal molecules, is involved in plant stress responses to high temperature, drought, salt damage, heavy metals and other kinds of adversity. The purposes of this study are to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of hydrogen-rich water (HRW, H2donor) on chilling tolerance in cucumber seedlings and provide technical guidance to improve the adaptation of cucumber to low temperature in solar-greenhouse. 【Method】 ‘Jinyou 35’ cucumber seedlings were used as experimental materials. Seeds were soaked with HRW or distilled water (control), respectively, for 8 h, and germinated on moist filter paper in the dark at 26℃ for 2 days, then grown in vermiculite in a solar-greenhouse for 15 days (day/night air temperature was 24-30℃/18-24℃, and RH 75%-90%). At 2-leaf stage, the HRW and the control seedlings were exposed to low temperature (day/night temperature was 8℃/5℃). Young fully expanded leaves were sampled for analysis on 0 d, 1 d, 3 d, and 5 d after transferring from control to stress condition. 【Result】The results showed that chilling stress significantly increased the electrolyte leakage (EL), chilling injury index, contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondaldehyde (MDA), and superoxide anion () production rate. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the contents of glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (AsA), proline and soluble sugar increased in the early days of chilling stress, but subsequently decreased. The relative water content trended to decrease in the chilling days. The increase in EL and chilling injury index were lower in HRW treated seedlings than in the control seedlings. Simultaneously, the HRW treatment showed a decrease in H2O2and MDA contents, andproduction rate, while revealed an increase in the activities of SOD, POD, CAT, APX and GR, as well as the GSH and AsA contents, compared with the control. At the end of stress (5 d), the EL and chilling injury index of HRW treatment declined by 11.3 percentage points and 15.9%, respectively, than those of the control. The H2O2and MDA contents andproduction rate of the HRW-treated seedlings were 29.4%, 9.9% and 54.3% lower than those of the control, respectively. However, the activities of SOD, POD, CAT, APX and GR of HRW treated seedlings were 12.6%, 20.1%, 20.9%, 53.0%, and 58.1% higher, and the GSH and AsA contents enhanced by 24.0% and 17.6%, respectively, than those of the control seedlings. Compared with the control, the HRW treated seedlings showed lower extent of decrease in the relative water content, and revealed higher contents of proline and soluble sugar. After 5 d of chilling stress, the HRW treatment increased by 6.4 percentage points, and the proline and soluble sugar contents were 23% and 41.5% higher, respectively, than those of the control. 【Conclusion】 Soaking seeds with HRW can improve the cold resistance in cucumber seedlings, and the main mechanisms were: (1) HRW enhances the antioxidant system activity and reduces the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation under chilling stress, and consequently alleviates the injury of membrane lipid peroxidation in cucumber seedling; (2) HRW slows the dehydration rate through improving the osmotic adjustment ability, and thereby remains the normal physiological function for a long time in cucumber seedlings under chilling stress.

low temperature stress; hydrogen-rich water; seed treatment; reactive oxygen; osmotic regulation; cucumber

2016-07-19;接受日期:2016-12-02

山東省現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(SDAIT-05-10)

劉豐嬌,E-mail:lfjsdnd@126.com。 通信作者艾希珍,Tel:0538-8246015;E-mail:axz@sdau.edu.cn

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