陳小盼,陳竑,陳韓,李大偉,韓倩菲,云川,孫勝花
(海南醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科1、檢驗科2,海南???70102)
阿托伐他汀片對2型糖尿病腎病患者血清chemerin水平的影響
陳小盼1,陳竑1,陳韓2,李大偉1,韓倩菲1,云川1,孫勝花1
(海南醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院內(nèi)分泌科1、檢驗科2,海南???70102)
目的觀察長期口服HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑阿托伐他汀片后2型糖尿病腎病(DN)患者尿白蛋白肌酐比值(ACR)和血清chemerin水平的變化,探討HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑改善DN尿蛋白的效果及機(jī)制。方法收集海南醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院2015年1月至2016年12月門診和住院診斷的60例DN患者,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)表法將患者分為對照組和觀察組,每組30例。兩組患者均予以注射24周的胰島素控制血糖,觀察組同時給予阿托伐他汀片口服24周(20 mg/d)。實驗室檢測兩組患者治療前后的空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)、甘油三酯(TG)、總膽固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)、ACR以及血清chemerin、腫瘤壞死因子-α (TNF-α)濃度。結(jié)果治療24周后,兩組患者的BUN、Cr均無明顯變化,而FBG、HbA1c均較治療前明顯下降,且差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),但兩組間下降程度比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);對照組患者治療后TG、TC、LDL無明顯改變,但觀察組則均明顯下降,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);對照組和觀察組治療前的ACR分別為(173.32±71.23)μg/mg和(168.08±66.29)μg/mg,治療后分別為(102.09±65.35)μg/mg和(72.08±41.33)μg/mg,兩組患者治療后的ACR均明顯下降,但觀察組下降較對照組更明顯,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療前對照組患者的血清chemerin和TNF-α分別為(48.17±11.25)ng/mL、(123.48±31.56)ng/mL,觀察組分別為(45.08±11.36)ng/mL和(118.75±34.02)ng/mL,兩組間比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療24周后,對照組患者的chemerin和TNF-α下降至(34.60±9.18)ng/mL和(94.66±30.33)ng/mL,觀察組下降至(25.23±8.87)ng/mL和(69.20±25.12)ng/mL,治療前后比較差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),但是觀察組chemerin和TNF-α下降更為明顯(P<0.05)。結(jié)論長期口服阿托伐他汀片能顯著降低DN患者血清的chemerin水平,改善尿蛋白濾過。
糖尿病腎病;阿托伐他汀;chemerin;尿蛋白
糖尿病發(fā)病率逐年增加,是危害身體健康的常見病、多發(fā)病。隨著病情的發(fā)展,糖尿病可以造成一系列嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥,最終導(dǎo)致腎小球濾過率顯著降低,尿中的蛋白含量增高,演變成糖尿病腎病,甚至發(fā)展成尿毒癥。所以,對于糖尿病腎病的發(fā)生發(fā)展機(jī)制進(jìn)行研究,探討其預(yù)防和治療手段具有重要的臨床價值。Chemerin是最近發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種表達(dá)于成熟的脂肪細(xì)胞的脂肪因子,已被證實參與炎癥反應(yīng)和各種心血管疾病的發(fā)生發(fā)展[1]。此外,近年來大量的臨床研究證實,HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑除了已知的改善血脂水平,緩解動脈硬化外還可以延緩2型糖尿病對腎臟的損害[2-3],但其機(jī)制仍不清楚。本文通過研究口服阿托伐他汀對2型糖尿病腎病(DN)患者尿白蛋白肌酐比值(ACR)和血清chemerin水平的影響,探討阿托伐他汀改善糖尿病腎病的可能機(jī)理。
1.1 一般資料選取海南醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院2015年1月至2016年12月門診和住院診斷且符合以下入選和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的60例DN患者。入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):門診初診,符合1999年WHO 2型糖尿病診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及Mogenson糖尿病腎病診斷分期標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4],確診2型糖尿病和尿白蛋白肌酐比值(ACR)≥30μg/mg的患者,且未接受過包括飲食、運動和藥物的任何治療。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):合并原發(fā)性高血壓、肝腎損害、感染、創(chuàng)傷和血清肌酐<150 μmol/L,以及不能服用阿托伐他汀片的患者。60例患者中男性34例,女性26例;年齡42~75歲。采用隨機(jī)數(shù)表法將患者分為對照組和觀察組,每組30例。
1.2 治療方法所有患者人院后均對其飲食以及運動進(jìn)行控制,限制其糖類與蛋白質(zhì)的攝取量。兩組患者均給予胰島素控制血糖,依據(jù)血糖值調(diào)整胰島素劑量直至血糖達(dá)標(biāo),胰島素每日用量40~60 U,治療24周。觀察組同時給予阿托伐他汀片(商品名:立普妥,生產(chǎn)廠家:輝瑞制藥有限公司,規(guī)格:20 mg/片)連續(xù)口服24周,20 mg/d。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)與檢測方法兩組患者治療前均保持穩(wěn)定的飲食和戒煙戒酒1周,測量及計算身高、體質(zhì)量、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)和收縮壓(SBP)、舒張壓(DBP)等臨床指標(biāo)。分別在治療前后空腹抽血送檢驗科采用自動生化分析儀檢測空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血紅蛋白(HbA1c)、總膽固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、血肌酐(Cr)、尿素氮(BUN)。治療前后所有患者均留清晨尿標(biāo)本測即時ACR。采用ELISA法血清檢測血清chemerin和腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)濃度。試劑配制和操作步驟嚴(yán)格按說明書進(jìn)行,所有標(biāo)本的檢測全部在同一批次完成。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法應(yīng)用SPSS16.0統(tǒng)計軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差()表示,組間比較采用t檢驗,計數(shù)資料比較采用χ2檢驗,均以P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1 兩組患者治療前的一般資料比較治療前兩組患者的性別、年齡、BMI、SBP、DBP比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表1。
2.2 兩組患者治療前后的生化和實驗室指標(biāo)比較治療前兩組患者的血清FBG、HbA1c、TG、TC、LDL、BUN、Cr和ACR比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。治療24周后,雖然兩組患者的BUN、Cr仍無明顯改變,但FBG、HbA1c數(shù)值顯著下降,且兩組間下降的程度差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。治療前后對照組血脂指標(biāo)比較,TG、TC、LDL均無明顯改變,但治療組則有顯著的下降(P<0.05)。兩組患者治療后的ACR均明顯下降,但觀察組下降較對照組更明顯,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療前兩組患者的chemerin及TNF-α水平比較差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),治療24周后,兩組患者的chemerin及TNF-α水平均下降,但觀察組chemerin和TNF-α下降更明顯,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。
表1 兩組患者治療前的一般資料比較()
表1 兩組患者治療前的一般資料比較()
注:1 mmHg=0.133 kPa。
組別對照組觀察組t/χ2值P值例數(shù)30 30性別(男/女,例) 16/14 18/12 72.133>0.05年齡(歲) 56.53±11.28 59.46±12.48 1.433>0.05 BMI(kg/m2) 24.68±6.28 23.82±5.93 1.826>0.05 SBP(mmHg) 143.46±11.21 146.25±12.33 1.357>0.05 DBP(mmHg) 74.40±11.28 78.48±10.56 0.948>0.05
表2 兩組患者治療前后的生化和實驗室指標(biāo)比較()
表2 兩組患者治療前后的生化和實驗室指標(biāo)比較()
注:與對照組治療后比較,aP<0.05。
組別指標(biāo)對照組觀察組治療前治療后t值P值治療前治療后t值P值FBG (mmol/L) 9.08±2.77 5.83±1.67 2.148<0.05 9.34±2.81 5.93±2.00 2.365<0.05 HbA1c (%) 7.62±2.01 5.48±2.08 2.365<0.05 8.05±2.46 5.82±2.36 2.511<0.05 TG (μmol/L) 2.09±0.83 2.11±1.01 1.832>0.05 1.86±0.72 1.46±0.80 2.135<0.05 TC (μmol/L) 5.73±1.57 5.47±1.68 1.176>0.05 5.61±1.36 4.30±1.16 2.447<0.05 LDL (μmol/L) 3.46±0.78 3.28±0.83 1.408>0.05 3.61±0.95 2.05±0.47 2.166<0.05 BUN (μmol/L) 7.62±3.43 7.89±3.01 1.674>0.05 8.01±3.88 7.74±3.70 1.802>0.05 Cr (μmol/L) 98.63±16.77 101.86±20.42 1.359>0.05 100.25±22.40 105.28±30.01 1.289>0.05 ACR (μg/mg) 173.32±71.23 102.09±65.35 2.225<0.05 168.08±66.29 72.08±41.33a2.872<0.01 TNF-α (ng/mL) 123.48±31.56 94.66±30.33 2.503<0.05 118.75±34.02 69.20±25.12a2.714<0.01 chemerin (ng/mL) 48.17±11.25 34.60±9.18 2.33<0.05 45.08±11.36 25.23±8.87a2.692<0.01
HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑是臨床常用的調(diào)脂藥,在動脈硬化性疾病如冠心病、腦梗死的預(yù)防和治療中起重要作用。近年來的臨床研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)其多種代表藥物能改善糖尿病腎病[2-3],但機(jī)制仍不清楚,探討其機(jī)制對臨床推廣使用HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑改善DN預(yù)后有重要的參考價值。在本研究中,觀察組與對照組比較,治療后的ACR明顯下降,但兩組血糖的下降程度未見明顯差異。由此可見,患者ACR的改善不是血糖下降的直接結(jié)果,其機(jī)理值得進(jìn)一步探討。
眾所周知,DN的發(fā)病機(jī)制并不完全清楚,先前的研究已經(jīng)顯示,DN患者血清中的炎癥因子如C反應(yīng)蛋白和IL-6水平與ACR呈正相關(guān),提示炎癥過度激活所造成的腎臟損傷是DN形成和加重的重要原因[5-6]。而chemerin是近年來新發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種脂肪因子,在組織中廣泛分布,在人體炎癥反應(yīng)、調(diào)節(jié)脂肪細(xì)胞分化和代謝等方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。有研究報道循環(huán)中chemerin水平的增加與炎癥因子C反應(yīng)蛋白、IL-6和TNF-α相關(guān)[7]。人腸上皮細(xì)胞、小鼠脂肪細(xì)胞在富含TNF-α的培養(yǎng)液中培養(yǎng)一段時間后,chemerin的分泌也會明顯增多[8]。近年還有研究表明,炎癥應(yīng)答反應(yīng)可能是chemerin通過調(diào)控炎癥介質(zhì)的表達(dá)和分泌引起,chemerin對持久的慢性炎癥產(chǎn)生潛在的積極作用[9]。此外,炎癥部位的chemerin水平升高可能是機(jī)體通過調(diào)節(jié)免疫細(xì)胞的聚集而發(fā)揮直接促炎癥作用的。因此,可以推測chemerin可能通過調(diào)控炎癥反應(yīng)而參與糖尿病腎病的發(fā)生發(fā)展。
本研究中,觀察組患者的TNF-α和chemerin水平較對照組明顯下降,且血清TNF-α與chemerin水平成明顯正相關(guān),因此長期口服HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑代表藥物阿托伐他汀片可能通過降低chemerin水平,調(diào)控機(jī)體和組織的炎癥反應(yīng)而改善糖尿病腎病。但是,HMG-CoA還原酶抑制劑降低chemerin而改善DN的具體分子機(jī)制有待進(jìn)一步研究。
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Effects of atorvastatin on the levels of serum chemerin in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy.
CHEN Xiao-pan1,CHEN Hong1,CHEN Han2,LI Da-wei1,HAN Qian-fei1,YUN Chuan1,SUN Sheng-hua1.Department of Endocrinology1,Department of Clinical Laboratory2,the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College,Haikou 570102,Hainan,CHINA
ObjectiveTo observe the changes of urine albumin creatinine ratio(ACR)and serum chemerin levels in type 2 diabetic nephropathy(DN)after taking the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A(HMG-CoA)reductase inhibitor atorvastatin for long time,to investigate the effect and mechanism of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor in improving DN protein.MethodsA total of 60 patients with DN,who admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical College from January 2015 to December 2016,were selected and divided randomly into the control group(n= 30)and the observation group(n=30).The patients in both groups were given human insulin injection to control the blood glucose for 24 weeks.In addition,atorvastatin tablet was given in the observation group for 24 weeks(20 mg/d). The fasting plasma glucose(FPG),glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c),triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein(LDL),serum creatinine(Cr),urea nitrogen(BUN),ACR and serum chemerin,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)concentration in both groups before and after treatment were tested.ResultsAlthough BUN and Cr after treatment for 24 weeks in both groups had no obvious change,FBG and HbA1c significantly decreased and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The TG,TC and LDL were not significantly changed after treatment in the control group,but they were significantly reduced in the observation group(P<0.05).The values of ACR of the observation group and the control group were respectively(173.32±71.23)μg/mg and(168.08±66.29)μg/mg before treatment, which were significantly higher than(102.09±65.35)μg/mg and(72.08±41.33)μg/mg after the treatment,and the decreasing in the observation group was more obvious than that in the control group(P<0.05).The serum chemerin and TNF-α in the control group before treatment were(48.17±11.25)ng/mL and(123.48±31.56)ng/mL,respectively,which were higher than(45.08±11.36)ng/mL and(118.75±34.02)ng/mL in the observation group,and the differences between the two groups were not statistically significant(P>0.05).After treatment for 24 weeks,serum chemerin and TNF-α inthe control group dropped to(34.60±9.18)ng/mL and(94.66±30.33)ng/mL,while those dropped to(25.23±8.87)ng/mL and(69.20±25.12)ng/mL in the observation group,and the differences before and after the treatment in both groups were statistically significant(P<0.05),but the decreasing in the observation group was more significantly than those in the control group(P<0.05).ConclusionTaking atorvastatin tablets for a long time could significantly reduce the serum levels of chemerin and improve the filtration of urine protein in patients with DN.
Diabetic nephropathy;Atorvastatin;Chemerin;Urine albumin
R587.2
A
1003—6350(2017)16—2596—03
10.3969/j.issn.1003-6350.2017.16.005
2017-05-27)
海南省教育廳科研基金(編號:Hnky2015-39)
陳小盼。E-mail:xiaopanchen115@sina.com