林中牧
窗外,車水馬龍,霓虹閃爍。窗內(nèi),燈火通明,一片靜謐。40歲的徐慧玲,正托著一本《人類簡(jiǎn)史》,沉浸在紙張的窸窣聲里。一旁,幾個(gè)初三的學(xué)生,正低頭伏案,筆尖沙沙作響。
入夜,熙熙攘攘的溫州鬧市,一間臨街的書房?jī)?nèi),醉人的書香,溫暖的燈光,包圍著遨游書海的閱讀者。這是溫州市首家城市書房——縣前頭書房。
3年前,敢為天下先的溫州人,在公共文化服務(wù)領(lǐng)域推出一項(xiàng)創(chuàng)新之舉:開(kāi)出全開(kāi)放、純公益、24小時(shí)不打烊的實(shí)體圖書館——城市書房。
到今年,溫州市已建成27家城市書房,有197萬(wàn)人次享受了城市書房的便利,外借圖書103.8萬(wàn)冊(cè),辦理借書證4.1萬(wàn)張。用圖書業(yè)內(nèi)人士的話說(shuō),其產(chǎn)生的服務(wù)效益相當(dāng)于一座建筑面積一萬(wàn)平方米的中型圖書館。同時(shí),城市書房還獲得“浙江省宣傳思想文化系統(tǒng)十大創(chuàng)新項(xiàng)目”“第三批國(guó)家公共文化服務(wù)體系示范項(xiàng)目”等榮譽(yù)。
去年,文化部國(guó)家公共文化服務(wù)體系建設(shè)專家委員會(huì)主任李國(guó)新參觀完溫州城市書房后,忍不住感慨:溫州城市書房是與小康社會(huì)發(fā)展水平相適應(yīng)的公共布局、環(huán)境和服務(wù)的轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí),提升了圖書館的社會(huì)地位,為業(yè)界提供了可復(fù)制可借鑒的辦館模式。
長(zhǎng)明甌江兩岸的閱讀燈火,像一粒粒春種,播撒在城市文化的土壤中,拔節(jié)生長(zhǎng)成城市居民心靈的棲息地。
獨(dú)辟蹊徑,讓閱讀不打烊
“咣當(dāng)——”,縣前頭老街內(nèi),文印鋪的職員拉起厚重的卷簾門。城市開(kāi)始慢慢蘇醒、變得喧囂。斜對(duì)面,圓拱形的落地窗內(nèi),排排桌椅前,坐滿了人。這會(huì)兒,門衛(wèi)魯家亮已將讀者歸還的書籍整齊地?cái)[上了書架。
這是溫州開(kāi)出的第一家城市書房,3年來(lái),清晨推門而入、夜半仍未還家的讀者常坐在這里,徜徉在書的海洋里。一側(cè)書庫(kù)內(nèi)低矮老舊的書架,似乎訴說(shuō)著這間書房的前世今生。
“把這里交與你,我放心。”作為縣前頭圖書館的老門衛(wèi),魯家亮忘不了,2014年4月16日,城市書房開(kāi)張時(shí),溫州市圖書館館長(zhǎng)胡海榮的托付。這份信任變成魯家亮肩上的責(zé)任,這位老門衛(wèi)將城市書房當(dāng)作自己的家,一守就是三個(gè)春秋。
溫州城市書房的想法源于北京三聯(lián)韜奮書店。2014年,三聯(lián)韜奮書店推出24小時(shí)不打烊服務(wù)后,胡海榮立刻就想到了每年讀者見(jiàn)面會(huì)上的訴求:能否延長(zhǎng)圖書館開(kāi)放時(shí)間?
“當(dāng)時(shí),溫州圖書館縣前頭分館一樓租出去的3間門店正好到期。干脆收回來(lái),將門店打通,做成全自助、24小時(shí)不打烊的圖書館,讓市民的心靈有個(gè)棲息地?!焙s說(shuō)。
創(chuàng)新與夢(mèng)想,讓這個(gè)街頭圖書館走進(jìn)溫州人的視野。巨大的落地櫥窗,舒適的軟面沙發(fā),木制紋理書架,門口擺放著自助辦證機(jī)、自助借還機(jī)、數(shù)字資源查詢機(jī)等先進(jìn)電子設(shè)備。一刷卡,書房門自動(dòng)開(kāi)合。這個(gè)占地150平方米的圖書館開(kāi)張后,56個(gè)座位常常爆滿。
隨后,市長(zhǎng)熱線和圖書館熱線均收到了許多這樣的訴求:“能否多開(kāi)幾家不打烊的書房?”“可不可以在我家小區(qū)旁邊也開(kāi)一家”……
名家助力,打造時(shí)尚文藝書房
溫州市鹿城區(qū),甌江兩岸最繁華的市中心。這里高樓鱗次櫛比,而在車水馬龍的街角,十幾家別致精巧的城市書房閃爍著徹夜不息的暖色燈光,讓整個(gè)城區(qū)褪去嘈雜,如水般溫潤(rùn)如玉。
“典雅、別致、時(shí)尚,這些城市書房,比街角的咖啡店更文藝?!痹诼钩菂^(qū)文廣新局旁一間70平方米的城市書房,來(lái)來(lái)往往的行人都會(huì)被其吸引,因?yàn)樗?、太雅致?/p>
這間城市書房原本是鹿城區(qū)文廣新局的食堂。2015年,文廣新局作出表率,想要將食堂改為城市書房。而那時(shí),鹿城區(qū)正好引進(jìn)了海外工程師托馬斯(Thomas Austerveil)。
今年40歲的托馬斯,先后就讀于美國(guó)康奈爾大學(xué)和瑞士洛桑聯(lián)邦理工學(xué)院,對(duì)“可持續(xù)發(fā)展和建筑”深有研究,還創(chuàng)立了建筑公司。于是,經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富、理念前衛(wèi)的托馬斯就作為設(shè)計(jì)師,與城市書房結(jié)下不解之緣。
按照要求,城市書房需配置1萬(wàn)冊(cè)圖書。如何在70平方米的空間內(nèi)安放1萬(wàn)冊(cè)圖書,同時(shí)還能讓讀者悠然舒適地閱讀呢?為了解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題,托馬斯花了不少心思。
他將書架設(shè)計(jì)成兩層,由一側(cè)旋轉(zhuǎn)樓梯連通,大大開(kāi)拓了使用空間。4米多的層高,被隔成兩層,也留出能供40余人閱讀的桌椅擺放區(qū)域。托馬斯說(shuō),他的設(shè)計(jì)靈感源于母??的螤柎髮W(xué),用書架隔出閱讀區(qū),仿佛讓讀者置身書中,被知識(shí)包圍。
除了空間布局外,小小書房?jī)?nèi)藏乾坤。托馬斯將所學(xué)的可持續(xù)性建筑理念用到極致,在設(shè)計(jì)中充分將建筑物與環(huán)境結(jié)合。
一方面是自然光的運(yùn)用。他在臨街面大片采用透明玻璃,增強(qiáng)采光度,路人透過(guò)窗戶就能看到書房?jī)?nèi)部?!皬陌滋斓酵砩希x者在這里看書都能感受到自然的變化?!倍脑O(shè)計(jì)的雨棚,既保證室內(nèi)采光,又能遮擋一部分陽(yáng)光,防止室內(nèi)過(guò)熱。
這樣的遮陽(yáng)設(shè)計(jì),能減少之前耗電量的50%;書房最上面可以打開(kāi)的玻璃窗,能實(shí)現(xiàn)通風(fēng)與晝夜冷熱交替的功效,“因此1年中有一半的時(shí)間,城市書房?jī)?nèi)不用開(kāi)空調(diào)”。
另一方面是環(huán)保材料地板,書房地面用木頭與白藍(lán)相間的正方形瓷磚拼接在一起,風(fēng)格清新。托馬斯說(shuō),這些木頭是回收來(lái)的廢舊木板再利用,而瓷磚是他個(gè)人設(shè)計(jì)的專利產(chǎn)品,每一塊磚面圖案都是不規(guī)則的,彰顯設(shè)計(jì)風(fēng)格。
在這里,木桌上每一盞臺(tái)燈都采用暖光,翠綠色的吊蘭從書架邊緣垂下,窗外的陽(yáng)光斜照進(jìn)書房。置身其間,書香沁脾,仿佛清風(fēng)拂面。這間城市書房甚至成為臨街一景,一些年輕人還專程趕到這里來(lái)拍婚紗照。
此外,在溫州市夢(mèng)多多小鎮(zhèn),商場(chǎng)運(yùn)營(yíng)方森馬集團(tuán)將位于一樓的最旺商鋪拿出來(lái),按照兒童樂(lè)園的風(fēng)格裝修成城市書房,各類卡通玩偶和貼花設(shè)計(jì)讓書房童趣十足;在甌海區(qū)南塘一組團(tuán)小區(qū),業(yè)主們主動(dòng)要求將臨街商鋪改為城市書房,建成了典雅舒適的美式城市書房;在東甌智庫(kù)產(chǎn)業(yè)園,由舊廠房改造而成的城市書房,為附近居民打造了一片溫馨的場(chǎng)所。
27家城市書房還利用愛(ài)心志愿者、社區(qū)義工等社會(huì)力量,參與圖書整理、秩序維護(hù)和管理,將書房打造成為鬧市中的一方優(yōu)雅之地。
文化燈塔,閃耀城市之美
文化是一個(gè)城市生命力、創(chuàng)造力與凝聚力的所在,在拔地而起的高樓間,作為文化的載體之一,城市書房成為城市的“文化燈塔”。27座精巧文雅的“文化燈塔”矗立在溫州市民身邊,配合其他文化公共設(shè)施,在溫州市區(qū)打造起“15分鐘文化圈”,讓百姓俯仰之間皆能聞到文化的氣息、感受城市的文明。
而這座燈塔,點(diǎn)燃的不僅僅是溫州人暢游書海的熱情,更是催生市民慎獨(dú)、自律與文明的火花。
在這里,書房尊重任何一個(gè)人享受閱讀和奉獻(xiàn)愛(ài)心的權(quán)利。所以,我們看到,不少外來(lái)務(wù)工者愜意地坐在書桌前享受那一抹悠閑的時(shí)光。而70歲的老伯孫松濤為了當(dāng)好志愿者,大字不識(shí)的他不僅在A4紙上畫上書架,標(biāo)上“A-Z”,以記清圖書擺放的位置,還每天定時(shí)來(lái)到書房,維護(hù)書房環(huán)境。
我們看到,住在聯(lián)合大廈的溫州商人龔小萍每晚都自愿到樓下的大南城市書房打掃衛(wèi)生,她說(shuō):“我們這一代只做生意不讀書,不能讓下一代也這樣。”我們還看到,在溫州大羅山山腳,京山村村民陳春利用自家房屋開(kāi)起了民宿后,也主動(dòng)找到溫州市文廣新局領(lǐng)導(dǎo),說(shuō)“我家里還有很大一塊空間,拿出來(lái)給你們做書房吧”……
城市書房,讓不同年齡、職業(yè)的人開(kāi)始享受書本閱讀的樂(lè)趣,在閱讀中與自己對(duì)話,與流淌的歷史、人文對(duì)視,在閱讀中,一個(gè)城市的文化底蘊(yùn)與文明素養(yǎng)正在慢慢升騰。
同時(shí),溫州的城市書房從一個(gè)地域文化現(xiàn)象,逐漸輻射各地,引領(lǐng)多地城市文化新風(fēng)尚。在省內(nèi),杭州、寧波等地開(kāi)始推廣城市書房建設(shè)經(jīng)驗(yàn),計(jì)劃到明年底全省建成100家城市書房。在省外,山東威海、江蘇揚(yáng)州等10多個(gè)城市陸續(xù)啟動(dòng)城市書房建設(shè)。
今年,溫州市文廣新局準(zhǔn)備將城市書房的模式推廣到中心城鎮(zhèn),建成20個(gè)百姓書屋。接下來(lái),城市書房將持續(xù)擴(kuò)容,提供讀書會(huì)、非遺文化、甌越文化等多元文化服務(wù)。城市書房將不僅僅是個(gè)人的閱讀空間,更是相互分享知識(shí)的新舞臺(tái)。
閱讀,在溫州正如同呼吸一般,成為許多人的日常需要。如果說(shuō)城市書房是溫州人創(chuàng)作的一首詩(shī)歌,那她才剛剛開(kāi)始吟唱。
40-year-old Xu Huiling is enjoying her nightly reading at the ‘Xianqiantou Reading Room, the first one launched in Wenzhou to start the citys ‘City Reading Room campaign. Started three years ago, the reading room is open 24 hours and free to all people in Wenzhou. The 27 reading rooms set up across the city over the past three years have registered 1,970,000 visits and issued 41,000 library cards.
The project is valued by Li Guoxin, an official with the Ministry of Culture, as “a replicable mode for library management innovation”. For the ordinary people in Wenzhou, the more tangible significance of the campaign is that it is sowing the seeds of reading in the citys cultural soil from which beautiful flowers will be blooming.
The reading room at Xiantiantou, the first one of the project, is a dream of Hu Hairong – director of Wenzhou Library – coming to life, and is the second home of Lu Jialiang, the doorkeeper of the place. Inspired by the ‘24-hour Zhou Taofen Bookstore in Beijing, Hu Hairong made use of the space vacated by the three stores whose lease contracts had just expired on the first floor of the Xianqiantou Branch of the Wenzhou Library to test the water of a cultural campaign he had been thinking about for a long time. The result was a 24-hour reading space based on self-service. With a seating capacity of 56 people, the ‘new-concept reading room has been well-received and triggered a new trend of cultural life in Wenzhou. The citys Mayor Hotline and the hotline of Wenzhou Library have been kept busy by people calling in to inquire about possibilities of opening more such 24-hour places in their communities.
One of the reading rooms in Lucheng District is a remake of the canteen of the districts Media Bureau. The artsy place is designed by 40-year-old architect Thomas Austerveil, a specialist in ‘sustainable architecture. Drawing inspiration from the library of his alma mater Cornell University, he found a beautiful way to put 10,000 volumes of books and a seating capacity of more than 40 people into this 70-square-meter space. The highlight of his design is a two-storied reading room that creates a cozy atmosphere for readers to feel surrounded by books and immersed in knowledge. The library is also a masterpiece of lighting design by the 40-year-old American designer.
The design that maximizes the use of natural light shows the designers stunning creativity in energy-saving. The flooring is a combination of recovered environmentally friendly wood planks and ceramic tiles designed by the architect himself.
Volunteers and community workers are contributing to the book management and services of the 27 ‘reading rooms.
‘Culture is a defining force of the vitality, creativity and cohesion of a city. In this sense, the 27 ‘reading rooms are lighthouses that are shedding the cultural light over the city for all people in Wenzhou to share. The ‘lighthouses are contributing to the citys ‘15-minute walk access to the joy of reading and the beauty of culture. The reading rooms are open to people of all ages and from all walks of life - from children, migrant workers to retirees. Through the rebuilding of the habit of reading, a more self-disciplined and civilized society is taking shape.
Hangzhou, Ningbo and many other cities are following the example set by Wenzhou, planning to make the total number of reading rooms across Zhejiang Province reach 100 by the end of 2018. The project has also kicked off in a dozen cities in other provinces, including Weihai in Shandong Province and Yangzhou in Jiangsu Province.
In Wenzhou, the project is entering its second phase with the launch of many new services. ‘Reading is becoming part of the everyday city life, something as natural as breathing.