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微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)斷奶仔豬生長(zhǎng)性能、器官重及其胃腸道發(fā)育的影響

2017-09-03 08:59李雪莉王超虞徳夫丁立人朱偉云杭蘇琴
草業(yè)學(xué)報(bào) 2017年8期
關(guān)鍵詞:空腸胃腸道斷奶

李雪莉,王超,虞徳夫,丁立人,朱偉云,杭蘇琴

(南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)消化道微生物研究室,江蘇 南京 210095)

微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)斷奶仔豬生長(zhǎng)性能、器官重及其胃腸道發(fā)育的影響

李雪莉,王超,虞徳夫,丁立人,朱偉云,杭蘇琴*

(南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)消化道微生物研究室,江蘇 南京 210095)

通過(guò)給蘇淮斷奶仔豬飼喂微生態(tài)制劑(植物乳桿菌為主)研究其對(duì)斷奶仔豬生長(zhǎng)性能、器官重及其胃腸道發(fā)育的影響,分析仔豬生長(zhǎng)性能與器官重、小腸形態(tài)、腸道pH的相關(guān)性,探討微生態(tài)制劑緩解仔豬斷奶應(yīng)激的可能機(jī)制。選取健康、胎次和體重相近[(9.34±0.33) kg]的144頭28日齡蘇淮斷奶仔豬,隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組(基礎(chǔ)日糧)、抗生素組(基礎(chǔ)日糧+抗生素)、微生態(tài)制劑組(基礎(chǔ)日糧+微生態(tài)制劑),每組6個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)8頭仔豬。預(yù)試期為3 d,試驗(yàn)于32日齡開始,59日齡結(jié)束時(shí)屠宰采樣。結(jié)果表明,與對(duì)照組相比,微生態(tài)制劑可顯著提高斷奶仔豬平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)(P<0.05),降低料重比(F/G)和腹瀉率(P<0.05);顯著提高(P<0.05)斷奶仔豬脾臟相對(duì)重量;顯著增加斷奶仔豬十二指腸絨毛高度(P<0.05),顯著降低十二指腸、空腸、回腸絨隱比(P<0.05),十二指腸、空腸、回腸隱窩深度有下降趨勢(shì),但差異不顯著(P>0.05);顯著降低(P<0.05)斷奶仔豬盲腸、結(jié)腸pH。與抗生素組相比,微生態(tài)制劑組對(duì)各指標(biāo)無(wú)顯著影響(P>0.05)。相關(guān)性分析顯示,ADG增加與肝臟相對(duì)重量增加顯著相關(guān)(P<0.05);ADFI增加與十二指腸和脾臟相對(duì)重量、回腸絨隱比增加顯著相關(guān)(P<0.05),與結(jié)腸和盲腸pH、回腸隱窩深度降低顯著相關(guān)(P<0.05);F/G降低與結(jié)腸相對(duì)重量增加呈顯著相關(guān)(P<0.05);腹瀉率下降與十二指腸相對(duì)重、脾臟相對(duì)重量、十二指腸和空腸絨隱比增加呈顯著相關(guān)(P<0.05)。由此看出,微生態(tài)制劑可通過(guò)增加器官重,改善腸道形態(tài),降低胃腸道pH,提高斷奶仔豬生長(zhǎng)性能、降低腹瀉率,緩解斷奶應(yīng)激對(duì)仔豬的影響,該微生態(tài)制劑具有替代抗生素的潛力。

微生態(tài)制劑;斷奶仔豬;生長(zhǎng)性能;相對(duì)器官重量;胃腸道發(fā)育

斷奶是養(yǎng)豬生產(chǎn)中的重要時(shí)期。此時(shí),由于仔豬營(yíng)養(yǎng)、免疫、生理等發(fā)生改變,易引起仔豬采食量、體重下降、嚴(yán)重腹瀉等臨床應(yīng)激,影響仔豬生長(zhǎng)和經(jīng)濟(jì)效益[1],抗生素作為促進(jìn)生長(zhǎng)、預(yù)防疾病、降低死亡率的主要飼料添加劑廣泛應(yīng)用于斷奶仔豬日糧中[2],但是近年來(lái)抗生素濫用造成細(xì)菌耐藥性、藥物殘留等問(wèn)題日益嚴(yán)峻,嚴(yán)重危害人類健康。因此,尋找抗生素替代品越來(lái)越重要[3]。微生態(tài)制劑又稱為益生菌制劑、活菌制劑,可通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)腸道微生物區(qū)系改善機(jī)體健康[4]。有報(bào)道指出,微生態(tài)制劑在改善動(dòng)物生產(chǎn)性能、防止腹瀉等疾病方面具有促進(jìn)作用,是抗生素最佳替代品之一[5]。Lee等[6]研究表明,日糧中添加枯草芽孢桿菌能夠改善斷奶仔豬生長(zhǎng)性能。龔路峰等[4]研究表明,斷奶仔豬日糧中添加微生態(tài)制劑可顯著提高斷奶仔豬日增重和仔豬免疫力,降低料肉比和腹瀉率。然而,也有報(bào)道指出,斷奶仔豬日糧中添加益生菌對(duì)生長(zhǎng)性能無(wú)顯著影響[7]。益生菌的種、屬及菌株間存在差異,不同菌株的特性、代謝產(chǎn)物、作用機(jī)理亦不同。因而,對(duì)每株潛在益生菌及相關(guān)產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行深入研究是十分必要的[8]。因此,本研究旨在通過(guò)給斷奶仔豬日糧中添加微生態(tài)制劑(植物乳桿菌為主),研究其對(duì)斷奶仔豬生長(zhǎng)性能、相對(duì)器官重、小腸形態(tài)及腸道pH的影響,通過(guò)分析斷奶仔豬生長(zhǎng)性能與相對(duì)器官重、小腸形態(tài)、腸道pH的相關(guān)性,初步評(píng)價(jià)微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)仔豬斷奶應(yīng)激的緩解作用,并為其在斷奶仔豬生產(chǎn)上的應(yīng)用提供理論依據(jù)。

1 材料與方法

1.1 試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)和試驗(yàn)飼糧

本試驗(yàn)于2015年10-11月在江蘇省某豬場(chǎng)進(jìn)行,選取體重相近[(9.34±0.33) kg],144頭28日齡蘇淮斷奶仔豬,隨機(jī)分為基礎(chǔ)日糧組(對(duì)照組),抗生素組(基礎(chǔ)日糧+200 mg/kg硫酸粘桿菌素+200 mg/kg恩拉霉素,純度均為10%),微生態(tài)制劑無(wú)抗組(基礎(chǔ)日糧+200 mg/kg植物乳桿菌為主的復(fù)合微生態(tài)制劑,有效活菌數(shù)為1×109CFU/g,購(gòu)自山東寶來(lái)利來(lái)生物工程股份有限公司)。每組6個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)8頭仔豬。試驗(yàn)于仔豬32日齡開始,59日齡結(jié)束,共28 d。采集器官、組織、食糜等樣品,進(jìn)行分析。仔豬斷奶后的日糧組成及營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平見表1。試驗(yàn)期間仔豬自由飲水、采食。按照豬場(chǎng)常規(guī)免疫、消毒程序飼養(yǎng)管理。

1.2 樣品采集與處理

器官樣品:仔豬屠宰后,分離肝臟、脾臟、胰臟、胃、小腸(十二指腸、空腸、回腸)、大腸(盲腸、結(jié)腸),吸掉血液,剔除脂肪后分別稱重,用于器官相對(duì)重量的分析。

食糜樣品:采集胃、十二指腸、空?qǐng)?、回腸、盲腸及結(jié)腸內(nèi)容物,用于胃腸道pH值的測(cè)定。

腸道組織樣品:根據(jù)腸道組織學(xué)分區(qū)分離出十二指腸、空腸、回腸各腸段組織2 cm。生理鹽水沖洗腸內(nèi)容物后,常溫固定于4%多聚甲醛中,經(jīng)石蠟切片后,用于腸道組織形態(tài)學(xué)的分析。

1.3.1 體重和采食量 于28日齡及59日齡晨飼前以重復(fù)為單位對(duì)仔豬進(jìn)行個(gè)體稱重,記錄給料量及剩料量,以計(jì)算平均日增重(average daily gain,ADG)、平均日采食量(average daily feed intake,ADFI)和料重比(feed/gain,F(xiàn)/G)F/G=[F/(Wt-W0)][9],Wt為試驗(yàn)結(jié)束仔豬平均體重,W0為試驗(yàn)開始仔豬平均體重,F(xiàn)為試驗(yàn)期間飼料攝入量,G為試驗(yàn)期間仔豬平均體增重。

1.3.2 腹瀉率 準(zhǔn)確記錄每個(gè)重復(fù)仔豬每日腹瀉總頭數(shù),每天每頭仔豬發(fā)生腹瀉為1頭次,每個(gè)重復(fù)腹瀉總頭次除以腹瀉仔豬頭數(shù),算每個(gè)處理的平均值,即為試驗(yàn)期各處理腹瀉率。腹瀉率(%)=[每重復(fù)仔豬總腹瀉頭次/(供試豬總頭數(shù)×試驗(yàn)天數(shù))][10]×100。

1.3.3 器官相對(duì)重量 于59日齡從對(duì)照組、微生態(tài)制劑組和抗生素組各重復(fù)隨機(jī)選擇1頭仔豬稱重后屠宰,分離所需器官分別稱重,計(jì)算器官相對(duì)重量。器官相對(duì)重量=[器官重量(g)/仔豬宰前活重(kg)][11]。

1.3.4 腸道組織形態(tài)測(cè)定 仔豬屠宰后,將各腸段結(jié)扎后分離,分別取處理后的相應(yīng)腸段,切片,常規(guī)HE染色(南京奧青生物技術(shù)有限公司),選定合適視野計(jì)量仔豬十二指腸、空腸、回腸的絨毛高度,隱窩深度并計(jì)算絨隱比,每個(gè)指標(biāo)測(cè)定3個(gè)重復(fù)。

表1 基礎(chǔ)日糧組成及營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平(飼喂基礎(chǔ))

1每kg預(yù)混料中所含:維生素A 120 kIU,維生素D310 kIU,維生素E 400 IU,維生素K340 mg,維生素B150 mg,維生素B250 mg,維生素B630 mg,煙酸 500 mg,葉酸 15 mg,泛酸 250 mg,水分 10%,氯化鈉 8%~13%,氯化膽堿 5000 mg,鐵 1500 mg,銅 900 mg,錳 300 mg,鋅 1600 mg,碘 3.5 mg,硒 2.5 mg,鈣 10%~18%,總磷 2.0%,賴氨酸 0.56%。2營(yíng)養(yǎng)水平為計(jì)算值。

1Per kg of premix contains: vitamin A 120 kIU, vitamin D310 kIU, vitamin E 400 IU, vitamin K340 mg, vitamin B150 mg, vitamin B250 mg, vitamin B630 mg, nicotinic acid 500 mg, folic acid 15 mg, pantothenic acid 250 mg,water 10%, NaCl 8%-13%, choline chloride 5000 mg, Fe 1500 mg, Cu 900 mg, Mn 300 mg, Zn 1600 mg, I 3.5 mg, Se 2.5 mg, Ca 10%-18%, TP 2.0%, lysine 0.56%.2 Nutrient levels were calculated values.

1.3.5 胃腸道pH測(cè)定 分離胃腸道,采集各腸段內(nèi)容物, 使用Sartorius PB-21酸度計(jì)(德國(guó), pH0~14)對(duì)胃、空腸、回腸、盲腸、結(jié)腸內(nèi)容物pH進(jìn)行測(cè)定,每個(gè)樣品測(cè)定3個(gè)重復(fù)。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析

試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)經(jīng)Excel 2007初步處理后,采用SPSS 20.0軟件中的單因素(One-way ANOVA)模型分析,Tukey S-B test比較差異顯著性,P<0.05為差異顯著。采用HemI 1.0.3.3軟件對(duì)生產(chǎn)性能與器官重、小腸形態(tài)及胃腸道pH進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析。

[12]Still,Pakistani economists disagree as to whether their country can fully take advantage of the opportunity.Some note that it is unclear whether the agreement will help Pakistan overcome a 50 percent trade imbalance with China.

2 結(jié)果與分析

2.1 微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)斷奶仔豬生長(zhǎng)性能及腹瀉率的影響

與對(duì)照組相比,飼糧中添加微生態(tài)制劑可顯著增加(P<0.05)斷奶仔豬ADG、ADFI (表2),顯著降低(P<0.05)F/G和腹瀉率,抗生素組與微生態(tài)制劑組的ADG、ADFI、腹瀉率均無(wú)顯著差異(P>0.05)。

2.2 微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)斷奶仔豬器官相對(duì)重量的影響

與對(duì)照組相比,微生態(tài)制劑組和抗生素組可顯著提高(P<0.05)斷奶仔豬脾臟相對(duì)重量(表3),胃、十二指腸、空腸、回腸、盲腸、結(jié)腸、肝臟、腎臟、胰臟相對(duì)重量有增加的趨勢(shì),但無(wú)顯著變化(P>0.05),與抗生素組相比,微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)各臟器影響均不顯著(P>0.05)。

表2 微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)斷奶仔豬生產(chǎn)性能及腹瀉率的影響

注: 同行數(shù)據(jù)后所標(biāo)字母相異表示差異顯著(P<0.05),所標(biāo)字母相同表示差異不顯著(P>0.05)。下同。

Note: Different letters in the same row mean significant differences between the treatments (P<0.05), same letters in the same row mean not significant differences between treatments (P>0.05). The same below.

表3 微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)斷奶仔豬器官相對(duì)重量的影響

2.3 微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)斷奶仔豬小腸形態(tài)的影響

與對(duì)照組相比,微生態(tài)制劑組可顯著增加斷奶仔豬十二指腸絨毛高度(P<0.05),顯著提高十二指腸、空腸、回腸絨隱比(P<0.05),十二指腸、空腸、回腸的隱窩深度有下降趨勢(shì),但差異不顯著(P>0.05),抗生素組可顯著提高空腸和回腸絨隱比(表4)。與抗生素組相比,微生態(tài)制劑組除仔豬十二指腸絨毛高度顯著增加(P<0.05)外,其他指標(biāo)均無(wú)顯著變化(P>0.05)。

表4 微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)斷奶仔豬小腸形態(tài)的影響

2.4 微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)斷奶仔豬胃腸道pH的影響

與對(duì)照組相比,微生態(tài)制劑組可顯著降低(P<0.05)盲腸和結(jié)腸的pH(表5),胃、空腸、回腸pH有降低的趨勢(shì),抗生素組可顯著降低盲腸pH(P<0.05),其中胃、空腸、回腸、結(jié)腸pH均有降低的趨勢(shì)(P>0.05)。與抗生素組相比,飼糧中添加微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)胃、空腸、回腸、盲腸、結(jié)腸pH均無(wú)顯著影響(P>0.05)。

表5 微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)斷奶仔豬胃腸道pH的影響

2.5 仔豬生長(zhǎng)性能與小腸形態(tài)變化、器官重、腸道pH的相關(guān)性

如圖1所示,飼糧中添加微生態(tài)制劑可顯著增加斷奶仔豬ADG、ADFI(P<0.05),顯著降低F/G和腹瀉率(P<0.05)。對(duì)仔豬生產(chǎn)性能與胃腸道pH、器官重、腸道形態(tài)變化(絨毛高度、隱窩深度、絨隱比)進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),ADG增加與肝臟相對(duì)重量呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05);ADFI增加與十二指腸相對(duì)重量、回腸絨隱比、脾臟相對(duì)重量增加呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),與結(jié)腸和盲腸pH、回腸隱窩深度降低呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05);F/G降低與結(jié)腸重呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05);腹瀉率下降與十二指腸相對(duì)重、脾臟相對(duì)重量、十二指腸和空腸絨隱比增加呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05)。

圖1 斷奶仔豬生長(zhǎng)性能與相對(duì)器官重、小腸形態(tài)、胃腸道pH的相關(guān)性Fig.1 Correlation of the growth performance and organ relative weight gastrointestinal pH,small intestine morphology of weaned piglets

3 討論

3.1 微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)斷奶仔豬生產(chǎn)性能和腹瀉率的影響

本研究表明,飼糧中添加微生態(tài)制劑能顯著增加斷奶仔豬ADG、ADFI,顯著降低F/G、腹瀉率,說(shuō)明微生態(tài)制劑能夠改善仔豬生長(zhǎng)性能,降低腹瀉率。王國(guó)強(qiáng)等[12]報(bào)道指出仔豬斷奶1周,飼糧中添加0.10%微生態(tài)制劑可顯著提高日增重和飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率,降低斷奶仔豬腹瀉率及死亡率。Hu等[13]研究表明,日糧中添加枯草芽孢桿菌KN-42可有效地改善斷奶仔豬生產(chǎn)性能,降低腹瀉率。Zhao等[14]研究表明,日糧中添加1%的微生態(tài)制劑(羅伊氏乳桿菌和植物乳桿菌,有效活菌數(shù)1×109CFU/kg)可降低斷奶仔豬的腹瀉評(píng)分(降低腹瀉率)。Suo等[15]研究表明,日糧中添加植物乳桿菌ZJ316可降低斷奶仔豬腹瀉率。結(jié)合本試驗(yàn)結(jié)果分析微生態(tài)制劑發(fā)揮促生長(zhǎng)作用可能是通過(guò)改善腸道形態(tài)[16]、增加腸道有益菌的數(shù)量,減少有害菌的數(shù)量[17],從而改善動(dòng)物健康。在本試驗(yàn)中,抗生素與微生態(tài)制劑發(fā)揮相似的作用,其原因可能是抗生素通過(guò)控制動(dòng)物的亞臨床感染,抑制不利于動(dòng)物生長(zhǎng)的微生物代謝,減少微生物對(duì)宿主養(yǎng)分競(jìng)爭(zhēng),使動(dòng)物腸壁變薄、促進(jìn)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)吸收[18]。

3.2 微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)斷奶仔豬器官相對(duì)重量的影響

脾臟是最大的周圍淋巴器官,是機(jī)體重要的免疫器官,主要通過(guò)自身大量免疫細(xì)胞分泌免疫抗體來(lái)參與體液和細(xì)胞免疫[19]。縣怡涵等[16]研究表明,日糧中添加植物乳桿菌和干酪乳桿菌可顯著增加35日齡仔豬脾臟等臟器的器官指數(shù),而對(duì)胃腸道器官指數(shù)無(wú)顯著影響。王永等[20]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),飼糧中添加屎腸球菌可顯著提高斷奶仔豬脾臟重量和脾臟指數(shù),但對(duì)肝臟無(wú)顯著影響。本研究結(jié)果與之相似。本試驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),微生態(tài)制劑組可顯著增加斷奶仔豬脾臟相對(duì)重量,該處理組對(duì)肝臟及胃腸道器官相對(duì)重量均無(wú)顯著影響。這說(shuō)明微生態(tài)制劑可促進(jìn)仔豬脾臟的發(fā)育,其原因可能是微生態(tài)制劑所含益生菌株通過(guò)合成維生素、氨基酸、有機(jī)酸、醇類等物質(zhì),促進(jìn)免疫器官的發(fā)育,而作為良好的免疫激活劑,微生物可促進(jìn)免疫器官生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育[21]。抗生素組較微生態(tài)制劑組脾臟相對(duì)重量有下降趨勢(shì),但差異不顯著,其原因可能是抗生素通過(guò)抑制免疫反應(yīng),從而抑制免疫器官發(fā)育[22],其具體原因仍需深入研究。為了研究相對(duì)器官重增加與微生態(tài)制劑改善生產(chǎn)性能是否有關(guān),對(duì)其進(jìn)行了相關(guān)性分析,結(jié)果表明,脾臟相對(duì)重量的增加與ADFI增加呈正相關(guān)、與腹瀉率的下降呈負(fù)相關(guān),肝臟相對(duì)重量的增加與ADG的增加呈正相關(guān)。

3.3 微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)斷奶仔豬小腸形態(tài)的影響

小腸是機(jī)體營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)消化吸收的主要場(chǎng)所。Yang等[23]研究表明植物乳桿菌能夠顯著改善EscherichiacoliK88攻毒造成十二指腸、空腸絨毛高變短、隱窩深度增大等腸粘膜損傷的問(wèn)題。Suo等[15]研究表明植物乳桿菌可改善斷奶仔豬十二指腸、空腸和回腸的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)。本研究顯示,日糧中添加微生態(tài)制劑可顯著增加十二指腸絨毛高度以及十二指腸、空腸、回腸絨隱比,與抗生組相比,微生態(tài)制劑組顯著提高十二指腸絨毛高度,說(shuō)明微生態(tài)制劑可促進(jìn)小腸對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的吸收。其機(jī)制可能與益生菌能夠保護(hù)腸道結(jié)構(gòu)、改善腸道功能以及促進(jìn)腸道上皮細(xì)胞更新、改善微生態(tài)區(qū)系有關(guān)[16]。而抗生素對(duì)腸道形態(tài)的影響可能與其能夠增加斷奶仔豬采食量、減少腸道內(nèi)有害細(xì)菌和毒素(氨、胺和某些揮發(fā)性脂肪酸等),降低腸道免疫激活和腸壁炎癥的發(fā)生有關(guān)[24]。為研究小腸形態(tài)改變與微生態(tài)制劑改善生產(chǎn)性能是否相關(guān),對(duì)二者的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行了分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)回腸絨隱比增加與ADFI增加直接相關(guān);十二指腸、空腸絨隱比增加與腹瀉下降直接相關(guān)。

3.4 微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)斷奶仔豬胃腸道pH的影響

胃腸道pH是維持機(jī)體消化系統(tǒng)正常生理功能的關(guān)鍵因素之一,對(duì)動(dòng)物消化吸收發(fā)揮重要作用。有報(bào)道指出仔豬斷奶后由于日糧結(jié)構(gòu)等因素發(fā)生改變,胃腸道內(nèi)容物pH升高,胃蛋白酶活化受阻,從而降低動(dòng)物機(jī)體對(duì)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的消化利用[25]。辛娜等[26]研究表明,斷奶仔豬日糧中添加0.75%芽孢桿菌制劑可顯著降低盲腸和空腸pH。王凱等[27]研究表明,仔豬日糧中添加乳酸菌能夠顯著降低盲腸和結(jié)腸內(nèi)容物pH,其他腸段pH有下降趨勢(shì),但差異不顯著。本研究結(jié)果表明,日糧中添加微生態(tài)制劑可顯著降低盲腸和結(jié)腸內(nèi)容物pH,胃和其他腸段pH有下降趨勢(shì),差異不明顯。與抗生素組相比,各腸段pH差異均不顯著。其原因可能是乳酸菌等有益菌發(fā)酵糖類產(chǎn)生大量乳酸、乙酸和丁酸,降低腸道pH[28]。為進(jìn)一步研究胃腸道pH變化與微生態(tài)制劑改善斷奶仔豬生產(chǎn)性能的關(guān)系,對(duì)其相關(guān)性進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果證明盲腸、結(jié)腸pH降低與ADFI增加呈正相關(guān)。

4 結(jié)論

斷奶仔豬日糧中添加微生態(tài)制劑(植物乳桿菌為主),可增加脾臟相對(duì)重量,促進(jìn)十二指腸絨毛高度發(fā)育,降低小腸絨腺比,降低盲腸、結(jié)腸pH,提高ADG和ADFI,降低F/G和腹瀉率。說(shuō)明微生態(tài)制劑具有促生長(zhǎng)、抗腹瀉的作用,具有替代抗生素緩解仔豬斷奶應(yīng)激的潛力,但仍需進(jìn)行深入研究。

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Effects of probiotics on the growth performance, organ relative weight, and intestine development of weaned piglets

LI Xue-Li, WANG Chao, YU De-Fu, DING Li-Ren, ZHU Wei-Yun, HANG Su-Qin*

LaboratoryofGastrointestinalMicrobiology,NanjingAgriculturalUniversity,Nanjing210095,China

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotics on the growth performance, relative organ weight, and intestinal development of weaned piglets, to determine whether probiotics can ease the weaning transition. A total of 144 Suhuai weaned piglets (9.34±0.33 kg) at an age of 28 days were randomly assigned to three groups; control group (basal diet), antibiotics group (basal diet+antibiotics), and probiotic group (basal diet+probiotic). Each group had six replicates, with eight piglets per replicate. The experiment started at 32 days after birth and ended at 59 days after birth. At 59 days, one piglet from each replicate was slaughtered for sampling. Compared with the control, the probiotic treatment significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI), and decreased the feed/gain ratio (F/G) and diarrhea rate after weaning (P<0.05). It also significantly increased ADG of the spleen and improved villus development in the duodenum, and reduced the villus height/crypt depth (V/C) of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum after weaning (P<0.05). Compared with the control, the probiotic treatment significantly decreased the pH of the cecum and colon. A correlation analysis showed that the increased ADG was associated with increased relative weight of the liver. The increased ADFI was strongly related to the increased relative weight of the duodenum and spleen and the increased V/C of the jejunum. The decreased F/G was correlated with the increased relative weight of the colon. The decreased diarrhea rate was correlated with the increased relative weight of the duodenum and spleen, and with the increased V/C of the duodenum and jejunum. The findings imply that a probiotic can relieve weaning stress in piglets by improving their growth performance and decreasing the diarrhea rate via their effects on small intestine morphology, organ relative weight, and gastrointestinal pH. Probiotics could be used as alternatives to antibiotics during the weaning of piglets.

probiotics; weaned piglets; growth performance; organ relative weight; intestine development

10.11686/cyxb2016438

http://cyxb.lzu.edu.cn

2016-11-22;改回日期:2017-03-10

農(nóng)業(yè)部公益性行業(yè)專項(xiàng)(201403047)和蘇淮豬安全生產(chǎn)無(wú)抗生物飼料工程技術(shù)開發(fā)與應(yīng)用 [CX(15)100603]資助。

李雪莉(1990-),女,河北東光人,在讀碩士。E-mail:2015805086@njau.edu.cn *通信作者Corresponding author. E-mail:suqinhang69@njau.edu.cn

李雪莉, 王超, 虞徳夫, 丁立人, 朱偉云, 杭蘇琴. 微生態(tài)制劑對(duì)斷奶仔豬生長(zhǎng)性能、器官重及其胃腸道發(fā)育的影響. 草業(yè)學(xué)報(bào), 2017, 26(8): 192-199.

LI Xue-Li, WANG Chao, YU De-Fu, DING Li-Ren, ZHU Wei-Yun, HANG Su-Qin. Effects of probiotics on the growth performance, organ relative weight, and intestine development of weaned piglets. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2017, 26(8): 192-199.

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