田雪梅,羅斌,曹勍,任婭寧
(四川省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院·四川省人民醫(yī)院 手術(shù)室,四川 成都 610072)
腹腔鏡下直腸癌根治術(shù)的近期臨床療效觀察
田雪梅,羅斌,曹勍,任婭寧
(四川省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院·四川省人民醫(yī)院 手術(shù)室,四川 成都 610072)
目的 探討腹腔鏡下直腸癌根治術(shù)的近期臨床療效。方法回顧性分析2015年11月-2016年11月該院行直腸癌根治性手術(shù)的患者50例。其中,行腹腔鏡下直腸癌根治術(shù)的患者27例,行開腹直腸癌根治術(shù)的患者23例,觀察兩組患者手術(shù)時(shí)間、腫瘤直徑、標(biāo)本切除長(zhǎng)度、術(shù)中清掃淋巴結(jié)數(shù)目、開始下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、術(shù)后肛門排氣時(shí)間、術(shù)后的排便時(shí)間、術(shù)后開始進(jìn)食時(shí)間和術(shù)后并發(fā)癥等指標(biāo)。結(jié)果腹腔鏡組患者的腫瘤直徑、標(biāo)本切除長(zhǎng)度和淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)目為(3.8±1.4)cm、(18.5±2.1)cm和(7.2±3.1)枚,而開腹組患者相應(yīng)檢查項(xiàng)目分別為(3.9±1.4)cm、(18.6±2.3)cm和(7.7±3.4)枚,組間比較差異不具統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05)。腹腔鏡組患者在術(shù)中出血量、手術(shù)時(shí)間、術(shù)后下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、術(shù)后肛門排氣時(shí)間、術(shù)后排便時(shí)間、術(shù)后進(jìn)食流質(zhì)食物時(shí)間和術(shù)后住院時(shí)間分別為(105.3±23.8)ml、(140.2±22.3)min、(4.0±1.2)d、(6.0±1.5)d、(3.0±1.0)d、(3.5±0.5)d和(4.0±1.0)d,開腹組相應(yīng)數(shù)值為(210.4±21.3)ml、(118.9±20.7)min、(4.5±1.1)d、(7.8±1.2)d、(7.0±1.6)d、(8.1±2.0)d 和(10.0±3.2)d,兩組患者的比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P <0.05)。結(jié)論腹腔鏡下直腸癌根治性手術(shù)安全有效,可以對(duì)腫瘤做到根治性切除,且術(shù)中出血少,術(shù)后康復(fù)快,住院時(shí)間短。
腹腔鏡;直腸癌根治術(shù);療效
直腸癌是我國(guó)惡性腫瘤中常見的一種,且近年來(lái)其發(fā)病率呈逐漸上升的趨勢(shì)[1-3]。目前對(duì)直腸癌的治療仍然以手術(shù)治療為主,自1991年JACOBS等首次嘗試將腹腔鏡技術(shù)用于治療直腸癌,從而揭開了直腸癌手術(shù)治療的新篇章[4-5]。隨著腹腔鏡技術(shù)的不斷提高和腹腔鏡器械的不斷改進(jìn),腹腔鏡直腸癌手術(shù)日益成熟[6]。本文就腹腔鏡直腸癌手術(shù)同開腹直腸癌手術(shù)進(jìn)行臨床對(duì)比研究,旨在探討腹腔鏡直腸癌根治手術(shù)的可行性、安全性和優(yōu)越性。
1.1 一般資料
選擇我院2015年11月-2016年11月行直腸癌根治術(shù)的患者50例,入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):非急診手術(shù)患者;術(shù)前和術(shù)后病理診斷均確診為直腸癌;術(shù)前檢查無(wú)肝臟等器官的遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移;既往無(wú)腹部手術(shù)史;術(shù)前均未行放、化療等治療[7-8]。將患者隨機(jī)分為腹腔鏡組(n =27)和開腹組(n =23)。腹腔鏡組和開腹組患者基本特征如年齡、性別、腫瘤Dukes分期和手術(shù)方式等方面差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。見表 l。
1.2 手術(shù)方法
兩組患者術(shù)前各項(xiàng)檢查,腸道準(zhǔn)備等措施均相同。兩組患者手術(shù)的實(shí)施均由兩組固定搭配的手術(shù)醫(yī)師組完成,手術(shù)操作過(guò)程中嚴(yán)格遵循腫瘤根治性原則和無(wú)瘤原則。兩組患者手術(shù)指征基本相同。兩組患者均采用氣管內(nèi)插管全身麻醉,按照參考文獻(xiàn)[9]標(biāo)準(zhǔn),腹腔鏡組8例患者行腹腔鏡下腹會(huì)陰聯(lián)合直腸癌切除術(shù)(Miles手術(shù)),19例患者行腹腔鏡下直腸低位前切除術(shù)(Dixon手術(shù)),開腹組5例患者行Miles手術(shù),18例患者行Dixon手術(shù)。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
兩組患者手術(shù)均獲得成功,并采用以下評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)對(duì)兩組患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)情況進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)[10]:①術(shù)中數(shù)據(jù)的觀察:手術(shù)時(shí)間,腫瘤直徑,標(biāo)本切除長(zhǎng)度,清掃淋巴結(jié)數(shù)目等;②手術(shù)后的近期療效的數(shù)據(jù):術(shù)后開始下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間,術(shù)后肛門開始排氣時(shí)間,術(shù)后開始排便時(shí)間,術(shù)后開始進(jìn)食時(shí)間,術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生情況。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
本研究的所有數(shù)據(jù)采用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件SPSS 17.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)處理,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,行t檢驗(yàn)分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料以例(%)表示,行χ2檢驗(yàn)分析,當(dāng)P <0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
表1 腹腔鏡組和開腹組直腸癌患者一般情況Table 1 General situation of rectal cancer patients in laparoscopic group and laparotomy group
2.1 兩組患者術(shù)中情況的比較
腹腔鏡組患者的腫瘤直徑、標(biāo)本切除長(zhǎng)度和淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)目為(3.8±1.4)cm、(18.5±2.1)cm和(7.2±3.1)枚,而開腹組患者相應(yīng)檢查項(xiàng)目分別為(3.9±1.4)cm、(18.6±2.3)cm 和(7.7±3.4)枚,組間比較差異不具統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P >0.05)。腹腔鏡術(shù)中出血量和手術(shù)時(shí)間為(105.3±23.8)ml和(140.2±22.3)min,而開腹組相應(yīng)數(shù)據(jù)為(210.4±21.3)ml和(118.9±20.7)min,腹腔鏡術(shù)中出血量少于開腹組,但是手術(shù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)于開腹組,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P <0.05)。見表2。
2.2 兩組患者術(shù)后近期療效情況的比較
腹腔鏡組術(shù)后下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、術(shù)后肛門排氣時(shí)間、術(shù)后排便時(shí)間、術(shù)后進(jìn)食流質(zhì)食物時(shí)間和術(shù)后住院時(shí)間分別為(4.0±1.2)、(6.0±1.5)、(3.0±1.0)、(3.5±0.5)和(4.0±1.0)d,開腹組相應(yīng)的數(shù)據(jù)為(4.5±1.1)、(7.8±1.2)、(7.0±1.6)、(8.1±2.0)和(10.0±3.2)d,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P <0.05)。見表3。
表2 腹腔鏡組和開腹組患者直腸癌根治術(shù)的術(shù)中情況 (±s)Table 2 Laparoscopic radical resection and laparotomy in patients with radical resection of rectal cancer (±s)
表2 腹腔鏡組和開腹組患者直腸癌根治術(shù)的術(shù)中情況 (±s)Table 2 Laparoscopic radical resection and laparotomy in patients with radical resection of rectal cancer (±s)
組別 術(shù)中出血量/ml 手術(shù)時(shí)間/min 腫瘤直徑/cm 標(biāo)本切除長(zhǎng)度/cm 淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)目/枚腹腔鏡組(n =27) 105.3±23.8 140.2±22.3 3.8±1.4 18.5±2.1 7.2±3.1開腹組(n =23) 210.4±21.3 118.9±20.7 3.9±1.4 18.6±2.3 7.7±3.4 t值 16.33 3.45 0.25 0.16 0.54 P值 0.000 0.001 0.803 0.873 0.589
表3 腹腔鏡和開腹組患者直腸癌根治術(shù)后的近期療效 (d,±s)Table 3 Short term results of laparoscopic and open surgery for rectal cancer after radical resection of rectal cancer (d,±s)
表3 腹腔鏡和開腹組患者直腸癌根治術(shù)后的近期療效 (d,±s)Table 3 Short term results of laparoscopic and open surgery for rectal cancer after radical resection of rectal cancer (d,±s)
組別 下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間 術(shù)后肛門排氣時(shí)間 術(shù)后排便時(shí)間 術(shù)后進(jìn)食流質(zhì)食物時(shí)間 術(shù)后住院時(shí)間腹腔鏡組(n =27) 4.0±1.2 6.0±1.5 3.0±1.0 3.5±0.5 4.0±1.0開腹組(n =23) 4.5±1.1 7.8±1.2 7.0±1.6 8.1±2.0 10.0±3.2 t值 2.75 2.47 10.76 11.55 8.93 P值 0.010 0.017 0.000 0.000 0.000
近年來(lái),隨著器械和技術(shù)的不斷進(jìn)步,腹腔鏡直腸癌手術(shù)的實(shí)際療效得到了一定的提高。有研究結(jié)果表明,腹腔鏡手術(shù)與開腹手術(shù)一樣,可以進(jìn)行結(jié)直腸癌根治性切除[11-12],逐漸為外科醫(yī)師和患者接受。本研究結(jié)果表明,腹腔鏡手術(shù)與開腹手術(shù)在腫瘤直徑、標(biāo)本切除長(zhǎng)度和淋巴結(jié)清掃數(shù)目等方面比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。筆者認(rèn)為,腹腔鏡手術(shù)可以達(dá)到對(duì)直腸癌患者做到根治性手術(shù)切除的臨床效果。腹腔鏡下行直腸癌根治術(shù),術(shù)中出血量(105.3±23.8)ml少于開腹下(210.4±21.3)ml,具有術(shù)中出血少的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。因?yàn)樵诟骨荤R下進(jìn)行手術(shù)操作時(shí)喪失了立體視覺,而轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槠矫嬉曈X,使得醫(yī)護(hù)人員的指觸感消失,從而高度依賴醫(yī)療設(shè)備和手術(shù)器械[13],所以對(duì)于腹腔鏡手術(shù)的難度加大并且使得手術(shù)時(shí)間較開腹手術(shù)時(shí)間相應(yīng)延長(zhǎng)。我院開展腹腔鏡下直腸癌手術(shù)的臨床病例數(shù)的增多,對(duì)直腸癌手術(shù)微創(chuàng)操作技術(shù)的進(jìn)一步熟練,相應(yīng)的手術(shù)時(shí)間會(huì)逐步縮短。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道[14],顯示腹腔鏡直腸癌術(shù)后患者下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間早、胃腸功能恢復(fù)較快和術(shù)后住院時(shí)間短。本研究中腹腔鏡組患者術(shù)后下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間、術(shù)后肛門排氣時(shí)間、術(shù)后排便時(shí)間、術(shù)后進(jìn)食流質(zhì)食物時(shí)間和術(shù)后住院時(shí)間均少于開腹組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P <0.05)。FRASSON 等[15]的研究結(jié)果證明,與開腹手術(shù)比較,腹腔鏡直腸癌術(shù)后總的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率更低,所以腹腔鏡直腸癌手術(shù)是安全可行的。
綜上所述,腹腔鏡作為一種微創(chuàng)技術(shù),是外科技術(shù)發(fā)展的方向。腹腔鏡直腸癌手術(shù)安全有效,可以對(duì)腫瘤做到根治性切除。而且腹腔鏡直腸癌根治性手術(shù)與傳統(tǒng)開腹手術(shù)相比,有術(shù)中出血少、術(shù)后康復(fù)快和住院時(shí)間短等優(yōu)點(diǎn),值得臨床推廣。
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(吳靜 編輯)
Short-term clinical efficacy observation of laparoscopic radical resection for rectal cancer
Xue-mei Tian, Bin Luo, Qing Cao, Ya-ning Ren
(Sichuan Provincial Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital,Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China)
ObjectiveTo discuss the short-term clinical curative effect of laparoscopic colorectal cancer radical resection for rectal cancer.MethodsClinical data of 50 patients with rectal cancer underwent radical resection from November 2015 to November 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 27 cases underwent laparoscopic radical resection (Laparoscopy group), the other 23 cases underwent radical resection (Laparotomy group). Then observe and record the operation time, tumor diameter, specimen length, number of lymph node cleaning, time of ambulation, postoperative anal exhaust time, postoperative defecation time, postoperative complications and postoperative eating time of the two groups.ResultsThe tumor diameter, length of specimens and number of lymph node dissection in laparoscopic group were (3.8 ± 1.4) cm, (18.5 ± 2.1) cm and (7.2 ± 3.1), while in Laparotomy group were (3.9 ± 1.4) cm, (18.6 ± 2.3) cm, and (7.7 ± 3.4), the difference has no statistical significance (P > 0.05). The intraoperative blood loss, operation time, ambulation time, postoperative anal exhaust time, postoperative defecation time, postoperative eating liquid diet time, postoperative hospitalization time in laparoscopic group were (105.3 ±23.8) ml, (140.2 ± 22.3) min, (4.0 ± 1.2) d, (6.0 ± 1.5) d, (3.0 ± 1.0) d, (3.5 ± 0.5) d and (4.0 ± 1.0) d, while in Laparotomy group were (210.4 ± 21.3) ml, (118.9 ± 20.7) min, (4.5 ± 1.1) d, (7.8 ± 1.2) d, (7.0 ± 1.6) d, (8.1 ± 2.0) d and (10.0 ± 3.2) d, there was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05).ConclusionLaparoscopicsurgery for rectal cancer is safe and effective. It can achieve radical tumor resection, and intraoperative less bleeding,faster postoperative recovery, shorter hospitalization time.
laparoscopy; radical resection for rectal cancer; curative effect
R735.37
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-1989.2017.07.011
1007-1989(2017)07-0050-04
2017-01-18