柏文文+季日臣+張彤鋒
摘要:通過(guò)引進(jìn)公路橋梁規(guī)范中的折線溫差分布函數(shù),推導(dǎo)了折線溫差分布下倒虹吸橫向溫度自約束應(yīng)力和框架約束應(yīng)力計(jì)算公式,利用文章推導(dǎo)的公式,計(jì)算了倒虹吸處于停運(yùn)狀態(tài)時(shí),突遇驟然降溫作用時(shí)的溫度應(yīng)力,計(jì)算表明:倒虹吸內(nèi)表面總應(yīng)力是溫差和壁厚的函數(shù),當(dāng)壁厚不變,溫差減小50%時(shí),其溫度應(yīng)力相應(yīng)的也減小50%,當(dāng)溫差不變,壁厚減小50%時(shí),其溫度應(yīng)力減小17%;采用相同的工程實(shí)例,按照折線溫差分布函數(shù)和指數(shù)溫差分布函數(shù)分別計(jì)算倒虹吸溫度應(yīng)力,發(fā)現(xiàn)前者計(jì)算值偏大,在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)若按照折線溫差分布模式考慮倒虹吸溫度荷載,能提高倒虹吸抗裂性能。
關(guān)鍵詞:倒虹吸;自約束應(yīng)力;框架約束應(yīng)力;溫度荷載;抗裂性能
中圖分類號(hào):TV672.5 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1672-1683(2017)04-0175-05
Abstract:Based on the fold line distribution function of temperature difference for highway bridges,we derived the calculation formulas for transverse thermal self-restraint stress and framework-restraint stress of inverted siphons.Using the calculation formulas,we calculated the thermal stress of inverted siphons in winter downtime when cold snap invades.Our calculations showed that the total stress of the inner surface of an inverted siphon is a function of the wall thickness and the temperature difference.When wall thickness is constant and temperature difference decreases by 50%,the thermal stress also decreases by 50%.When the temperature difference is constant and the wall thickness decreases by 50%,the thermal stress decreases by 17%.The thermal stress of inverted siphons calculated by the fold line distribution function of temperature difference was larger than that calculated by the exponential distribution function.If the temperature load of inverted siphons is considered on this basis in design,the crack resistance of inverted siphons can be significantly improved.
Key words:inverted siphon;self-restraint stress;framework-restraint stress;temperature load;crack resistance
橋梁、渡槽、涵閘結(jié)構(gòu)的溫度應(yīng)力研究成果較多[1-17],大體積混凝土溫度應(yīng)力方面,朱伯芳院士已取得一系列研究成果[18-19],然則倒虹吸溫度應(yīng)力研究相對(duì)落后,雖有文獻(xiàn)分析倒虹吸在冬季施工期的溫度應(yīng)力[20]和溫度應(yīng)力對(duì)預(yù)應(yīng)力結(jié)構(gòu)的影響[21],然則,已有文獻(xiàn)對(duì)倒虹吸的溫度應(yīng)力計(jì)算關(guān)注較少,筆者通過(guò)引進(jìn)公路橋梁規(guī)范中的溫差分布函數(shù),將對(duì)倒虹吸橫向溫度應(yīng)力計(jì)算公式進(jìn)行推導(dǎo),并對(duì)南水北調(diào)中線工程勒馬河倒虹吸在冬季停運(yùn)狀態(tài)時(shí),驟然降溫作用下,利用文章推導(dǎo)公式進(jìn)行倒虹吸橫向溫度應(yīng)力的計(jì)算。
1 溫差分布函數(shù)
對(duì)于渡槽、倒虹吸等混凝土結(jié)構(gòu),由于沒(méi)有溫度應(yīng)力計(jì)算方面的規(guī)范,但考慮到倒虹吸與橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的共性,材料方面,倒虹吸結(jié)構(gòu)和橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)的材料一般均為鋼筋混凝土材料,其導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)相差不大,導(dǎo)熱規(guī)律具有明顯的相似性;邊界條件方面,橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)外表面均和大氣接觸,為第三類邊界條件,而倒虹吸內(nèi)表面邊界條件視其運(yùn)行情況不同屬于第三類邊界條件(停運(yùn)期)或第一類邊界條件(正常運(yùn)行期),外表面始終屬于第一類邊界條件,而倒虹吸邊界條件的不同最后直接影響邊界溫度,而不會(huì)影響溫差函數(shù)類型,只是溫差值大小不同,綜上所述,筆者認(rèn)為可以借鑒橋梁中的相關(guān)規(guī)范,將橋梁的溫差分布函數(shù)引入到倒虹吸溫度應(yīng)力進(jìn)行計(jì)算當(dāng)中。
依據(jù)公路鋼筋混凝土及預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋混凝土橋涵設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范 (JTG D62-2004)的規(guī)定,預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土連續(xù)梁橋的溫差分布如圖1所示,圖中,h為梁高,T1、T2溫差值,根據(jù)鋪裝類別的不同,取值有所不同,a1=0.1 m, a2=0.3 m [12],負(fù)溫差為正溫差乘以-0.5[23]。
對(duì)倒虹吸結(jié)構(gòu),按照彈性理論,在忽略管內(nèi)水流在流經(jīng)倒虹吸管時(shí)的水溫變化,其溫差分布沿倒虹吸長(zhǎng)度方向是均勻分布的,則該溫度應(yīng)力問(wèn)題簡(jiǎn)化為平面應(yīng)變問(wèn)題,再忽略倒角處復(fù)雜的熱傳導(dǎo)狀態(tài),倒虹吸溫差分布如圖2所示。
2 倒虹吸橫向溫度應(yīng)力
根據(jù)前述的折線溫差分布函數(shù),推導(dǎo)倒虹吸橫向溫度應(yīng)力計(jì)算公式。倒虹橫向吸溫度應(yīng)力計(jì)算分為自約束應(yīng)力和框架約束應(yīng)力,總應(yīng)力是自約束應(yīng)力和框架約束應(yīng)力之和[24]。
(2)按照折線溫差分布函數(shù)計(jì)算的倒虹吸溫度應(yīng)力,比指數(shù)溫差分布函數(shù)計(jì)算的倒虹吸溫度應(yīng)力大[25],在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí),若按折線溫差計(jì)算結(jié)果考慮倒虹吸溫度應(yīng)力,能提高倒虹吸抗裂性能。
(3)溫度應(yīng)力在距離板表面0.1 m范圍內(nèi),應(yīng)力變化幅度最大,這與指數(shù)溫差函數(shù)計(jì)算的變化趨勢(shì)[15]一致。
(4)對(duì)比計(jì)算公式計(jì)算結(jié)果和ANSYS計(jì)算結(jié)果,發(fā)現(xiàn)兩種計(jì)算方法的計(jì)算結(jié)果相接近,為此筆者認(rèn)為此計(jì)算公式具有其合理性。
4 結(jié)語(yǔ)
(1)文章通過(guò)引入公路橋梁中的溫差分布函數(shù),通過(guò)一系列假定,導(dǎo)出了倒虹吸橫向溫度應(yīng)力計(jì)算公式,計(jì)算公式簡(jiǎn)單明確,具有一定的實(shí)用價(jià)值。
(2)實(shí)例計(jì)算表明,倒虹吸在冬季停運(yùn)期,突遇驟然降溫時(shí),會(huì)在倒虹吸內(nèi)表面產(chǎn)生較大的溫度拉應(yīng)力,這應(yīng)當(dāng)在倒虹吸后期運(yùn)行過(guò)程中引起重視。
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