向 敏,扈鴻霞,于 非,季 榮,王 晗 (中亞區(qū)域跨境有害生物聯(lián)合控制國(guó)際研究中心,新疆特殊環(huán)境物種保護(hù)與調(diào)控生物學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,新疆師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,新疆 烏魯木齊 830054)
動(dòng)物生產(chǎn)層
短時(shí)高溫處理對(duì)意大利蝗卵子發(fā)生期HSP70蛋白表達(dá)的影響
向 敏,扈鴻霞,于 非,季 榮,王 晗
(中亞區(qū)域跨境有害生物聯(lián)合控制國(guó)際研究中心,新疆特殊環(huán)境物種保護(hù)與調(diào)控生物學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,新疆師范大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,新疆 烏魯木齊 830054)
本研究采用免疫組織化學(xué)分析方法,測(cè)定了HSP70蛋白在意大利蝗卵子發(fā)生期的表達(dá)定位及33~42 ℃高溫處理對(duì)其相對(duì)表達(dá)量的影響。結(jié)果表明,1)在卵黃發(fā)生前期,卵母細(xì)胞和濾泡細(xì)胞均表達(dá)HSP70蛋白,而在卵黃發(fā)生期和卵黃發(fā)生后期,HSP70蛋白陽(yáng)性表達(dá)位于濾泡細(xì)胞;2)在33~42 ℃溫度范圍內(nèi),隨著溫度升高,意大利蝗卵子發(fā)生期HSP70蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量呈現(xiàn)先上升后下降的變化趨勢(shì);其中36 ℃處理組HSP70蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量最高,顯著高于27 ℃對(duì)照組(P<0.05);42 ℃處理組HSP70蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量最低,但與27 ℃對(duì)照組差異不顯著(P>0.05)。短時(shí)高溫處理對(duì)意大利蝗卵子發(fā)生期HSP70蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量有顯著影響,推測(cè)HSP70蛋白的表達(dá)在意大利蝗抵抗短時(shí)高溫脅迫過(guò)程中具有重要作用。
意大利蝗;高溫脅迫;HSP70;卵黃發(fā)生;免疫組織化學(xué)
近年來(lái),全球氣候變暖的趨勢(shì)加劇,極端高溫發(fā)生的頻率增加[1-2]。昆蟲(chóng)是變溫動(dòng)物,對(duì)環(huán)境溫度高度敏感,極端高溫的出現(xiàn)對(duì)其生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、生理代謝及生殖等具有重要影響[2-3]。但是,田間高溫可能僅在某一天發(fā)生且僅持續(xù)幾個(gè)小時(shí),而且昆蟲(chóng)在長(zhǎng)期進(jìn)化過(guò)程中,形成了較強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)能力以應(yīng)對(duì)短期環(huán)境變化[4],偶爾的高溫不會(huì)導(dǎo)致其死亡。然而,大量研究表明,昆蟲(chóng)的生殖系統(tǒng)對(duì)高溫極其敏感,因此極端高溫的出現(xiàn),可能對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)的生殖系統(tǒng)造成影響[5-7]。
熱激蛋白(heat shock proteins,Hsps)的表達(dá)和調(diào)控是有機(jī)體應(yīng)對(duì)高溫脅迫的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)之一[8-9]。HSP70是熱激蛋白家族的主要成員,在提高機(jī)體耐熱性方面具有重要作用。昆蟲(chóng)在受到高溫脅迫后,其耐熱能力與HSP70的表達(dá)量正相關(guān),且在一定溫度范圍內(nèi),HSP70表達(dá)量隨溫度升高而增加[10-13]。此外,熱激蛋白家族與有機(jī)體生殖系統(tǒng)發(fā)育密切相關(guān)。侯賽尼[14]對(duì)熱應(yīng)激后家蠶卵巢和精巢進(jìn)行檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn),HSP70表達(dá)上調(diào)。對(duì)哺乳動(dòng)物研究表明,HSP70不僅參與精子發(fā)生和成熟過(guò)程,而且在卵子發(fā)生和卵母細(xì)胞存活方面具有重要作用[15]。
配子發(fā)生是決定昆蟲(chóng)生殖力的基礎(chǔ),是昆蟲(chóng)種群繁衍和延續(xù)的重要保障。氣候變暖背景下,害蟲(chóng)始終保持較高的產(chǎn)生配子的能力,是其持續(xù)發(fā)生并暴發(fā)成災(zāi)的重要原因[16-19]。其中,卵子發(fā)生在動(dòng)物的個(gè)體發(fā)育過(guò)程中起著至關(guān)重要的作用,一般分為3個(gè)時(shí)期:卵黃發(fā)生前期、卵黃發(fā)生期及卵黃發(fā)生后期。卵黃發(fā)生是昆蟲(chóng)生殖調(diào)控的核心[20-21],包括脂肪體合成卵黃原蛋白(vitellogenin,Vg)、卵巢攝取并沉積卵黃蛋白(vitellin,Vn)兩個(gè)主要過(guò)程。卵母細(xì)胞中卵黃蛋白的迅速積累,可促進(jìn)卵母細(xì)胞和卵巢的發(fā)育成熟,亦可為胚胎發(fā)育提供營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì),有利于提高孵化率及幼蟲(chóng)生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育,對(duì)昆蟲(chóng)種群數(shù)量有顯著影響[22]。
意大利蝗(Calliptamusitalicus)是新疆荒漠半荒漠草原的優(yōu)勢(shì)危害種類(lèi),每年給新疆的畜牧業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)、生態(tài)和社會(huì)造成嚴(yán)重的損失[23-24]。近年來(lái),意大利蝗適生區(qū)氣溫升高明顯[25],繁殖期(5月-8月)日極端高溫經(jīng)常會(huì)超過(guò)33 ℃,甚至出現(xiàn)42 ℃極端高溫,且極端高溫出現(xiàn)天數(shù)也在逐年增加[26]。田間短時(shí)高溫是否對(duì)意大利蝗生長(zhǎng)繁殖造成影響?為此,本研究采用免疫組織化學(xué)分析方法,研究短時(shí)高溫處理對(duì)意大利蝗卵子發(fā)生期HSP70表達(dá)的影響,在細(xì)胞水平上直觀分析HSP70蛋白在卵子發(fā)生中的準(zhǔn)確定位及表達(dá)動(dòng)態(tài),以期為進(jìn)一步探討溫度脅迫下意大利蝗卵子發(fā)生中HSP70蛋白在細(xì)胞水平的作用機(jī)理及分子調(diào)控機(jī)制奠定基礎(chǔ),同時(shí)闡明意大利蝗應(yīng)對(duì)高溫脅迫時(shí)HSP70在生殖系統(tǒng)中的調(diào)控作用,為在細(xì)胞水平上揭示蝗蟲(chóng)生態(tài)適應(yīng)的耐熱機(jī)理提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
1.1 供試蟲(chóng)源
于新疆哈密白石頭鄉(xiāng)(93°80′ E,43°31′ N)采集意大利蝗末齡蝗蝻,置于室外(100 cm×100 cm ×100 cm養(yǎng)蟲(chóng)籠)飼養(yǎng),待成蟲(chóng)羽化后,取同天羽化的成蟲(chóng),置于光照培養(yǎng)箱內(nèi)繼續(xù)飼養(yǎng)[30 cm×30 cm ×30 cm養(yǎng)蟲(chóng)籠,(27±1) ℃,相對(duì)濕度(45%±5%),光照周期L∶D = 14∶10],以新鮮玉米葉、小麥葉飼喂,每天更換玉米葉與小麥葉。
1.2 溫度處理
根據(jù)前期試驗(yàn)可知,意大利蝗羽化后10~15 d卵巢管內(nèi)存在各個(gè)時(shí)期的卵母細(xì)胞,故選取羽化后10~15 d蝗蟲(chóng)進(jìn)行溫度處理試驗(yàn)。 對(duì)照組:將羽化后成蟲(chóng)置于(27±1) ℃、RH(45%±5%)、光照周期L∶D = 14 ∶10條件下常規(guī)飼養(yǎng)。
試驗(yàn)組:設(shè)置33、36、39、42 ℃ 4個(gè)溫度處理組,每個(gè)溫度梯度處理4 h,處理后將其放回(27±1) ℃、相對(duì)溫度(45%±5%)條件下恢復(fù)1 h。每個(gè)溫度處理15頭雌蟲(chóng),3個(gè)重復(fù)。
1.3 免疫組織化學(xué)分析
在0.65%生理鹽水中進(jìn)行解剖取出卵巢,放入Bouin’s液中固定24 h,常規(guī)石蠟包埋與切片,切片厚度為6 μm。 將切片常規(guī)脫蠟入水,用0.01 mol·L-1枸櫞酸鹽緩沖液(pH 6.0)于96 ℃修復(fù)抗原20 min,使其自然冷卻;加內(nèi)源性過(guò)氧化酶阻斷劑,室溫下孵育10 min,以阻斷內(nèi)源性過(guò)氧化物酶活性;經(jīng)5%牛血清蛋白BSA室溫封閉20 min;滴加HSP70一抗(1∶100)(設(shè)滴加PBS組為陰性對(duì)照),4 ℃過(guò)夜;滴加生物素標(biāo)記的第二抗體(山羊抗兔IgG),37 ℃處理20 min;滴加鏈霉親和素-生物素(SABC)復(fù)合物37 ℃處理20 min,增敏二氨基聯(lián)苯胺(DAB)室溫顯色,蘇木精復(fù)染,中性樹(shù)膠封片[27]。顯微鏡下觀察和拍照(Motic數(shù)碼顯微鏡BA310)。
免疫組織化學(xué)染色后棕黃色區(qū)域?yàn)殛?yáng)性區(qū)域。不同溫度處理下隨機(jī)取10張片子,每張切片隨機(jī)選取3個(gè)視野,使用Image-pro plus 6.0專(zhuān)業(yè)圖像分析軟件分析HSP70相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
1.4 數(shù)據(jù)分析
采用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,用平均值和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤表示測(cè)定結(jié)果,不同溫度處理組間HSP70相對(duì)表達(dá)量進(jìn)行單因素方差分析,并采用Duncan法對(duì)各測(cè)定數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行多重比較。采用Excel 2013制圖。
2.1 HSP70蛋白在意大利蝗卵子發(fā)生期的定位
意大利蝗卵巢結(jié)構(gòu)為無(wú)滋式,只有卵母細(xì)胞和濾泡細(xì)胞,無(wú)滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞。在生長(zhǎng)區(qū)內(nèi)含有由大到小的卵母細(xì)胞,每個(gè)正在發(fā)育的卵母細(xì)胞被一層濾泡細(xì)胞包圍。參照趙卓[28]對(duì)10種蝗蟲(chóng)卵子發(fā)生的劃分,根據(jù)意大利蝗卵母細(xì)胞和濾泡細(xì)胞形態(tài)及變化特征,將意大利蝗卵子發(fā)生分為3個(gè)時(shí)期,分別為卵黃發(fā)生前期、卵黃發(fā)生期和卵黃發(fā)生后期。免疫組織化學(xué)分析顯示,在卵黃發(fā)生前期,卵母細(xì)胞和濾泡細(xì)胞均呈現(xiàn)HSP70蛋白陽(yáng)性表達(dá),而在卵黃發(fā)生期和卵黃發(fā)生后期,HSP70蛋白陽(yáng)性表達(dá)僅位于濾泡細(xì)胞(圖1)。
圖1 意大利蝗卵子發(fā)生期HSP70的特異性表達(dá)Fig. 1 Specific expression of HSP70 in the oogenesis of Calliptamus italicus
2.2 不同溫度下HSP70蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量差異分析
免疫組織化學(xué)結(jié)果表明,不同溫度下意大利蝗卵子發(fā)生期均有HSP70蛋白表達(dá)(圖2)。對(duì)免疫組織化學(xué)結(jié)果進(jìn)行圖像分析后表明,短時(shí)高溫處理對(duì)意大利蝗卵子發(fā)生期HSP70蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量有顯著影響,隨著溫度升高,HSP70蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量呈現(xiàn)先上升后下降的變化趨勢(shì)(圖3)。在卵子發(fā)生不同時(shí)期,33、36、39 ℃處理組HSP70蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量均顯著高于對(duì)照組(27 ℃)(P<0.05),其中36 ℃處理組HSP70蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量最高,卵黃發(fā)生前期、卵黃發(fā)生期和卵黃發(fā)生后期分別為0.739、0.124和0.054。在卵子發(fā)生不同時(shí)期,42 ℃處理組HSP70蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量低于對(duì)照組(27 ℃),但差異不顯著(P>0.05)(圖3)。
意大利蝗卵子發(fā)生過(guò)程中,隨著卵母細(xì)胞和濾泡細(xì)胞形態(tài)、大小及功能的變化,HSP70蛋白的定位及相對(duì)表達(dá)量亦發(fā)生顯著變化。在卵黃發(fā)生前期,卵母細(xì)胞和濾泡細(xì)胞均處于旺盛生長(zhǎng)期, 在高溫脅迫下,卵母細(xì)胞和濾泡細(xì)胞均大量合成HSP70以保證卵子發(fā)生和發(fā)育。在卵黃發(fā)生期,HSP70蛋白陽(yáng)性表達(dá)僅位于濾泡細(xì)胞,卵母細(xì)胞內(nèi)未檢測(cè)到HSP70蛋白的表達(dá),且濾泡細(xì)胞分泌合成的HSP70蛋白并不向卵母細(xì)胞中移動(dòng),只停留并分布在濾泡細(xì)胞周?chē)@可能是由于在卵黃發(fā)生期,卵母細(xì)胞主要進(jìn)行卵黃蛋白的積累以保證機(jī)體的繁殖力[28],故僅由濾泡細(xì)胞合成HSP70蛋白抵抗高溫脅迫。在卵黃發(fā)生后期,由于濾泡細(xì)胞逐漸退化,HSP70蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量減少。
熱激蛋白是普遍存在于原核和真核生物中的一類(lèi)高度保守的蛋白,其表達(dá)不僅有助于昆蟲(chóng)耐熱性的獲得,且在昆蟲(chóng)的生殖、發(fā)育等方面起著一定的作用[29-31]。本研究表明,對(duì)照組和處理組意大利蝗卵子發(fā)生期的濾泡細(xì)胞均可表達(dá)HSP70蛋白,且在適宜生長(zhǎng)溫度(27 ℃)、旺盛生長(zhǎng)溫度(33、36 ℃)和熱脅迫溫度(39、42 ℃)下[32-34],HSP70蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)數(shù)量呈現(xiàn)出先增后減的趨勢(shì),表明意大利蝗體內(nèi)能夠大量合成熱激蛋白以應(yīng)對(duì)高溫脅迫,從而對(duì)機(jī)體起重要的保護(hù)作用[35]。20~30 ℃是意大利蝗生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育適宜的溫度條件[33],故在此溫度范圍對(duì)意大利蝗并不構(gòu)成脅迫,細(xì)胞內(nèi)表達(dá)的HSP70蛋白與熱應(yīng)激無(wú)關(guān),主要為生理?xiàng)l件下表達(dá)的組成型HSP70蛋白[36-37]。意大利蝗成蟲(chóng)在29~35 ℃生長(zhǎng)最為旺盛[32],為促進(jìn)卵子發(fā)生及卵巢發(fā)育,機(jī)體可能大量合成組成型HSP70蛋白。同時(shí),高于30 ℃的溫度條件對(duì)意大利蝗造成一定熱脅迫,機(jī)體可能合成大量誘導(dǎo)型HSP70蛋白以提高其耐熱性。組成型HSP70蛋白和誘導(dǎo)型HSP70蛋白的累積,可能是33和36 ℃處理組HSP70蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量顯著增加的主要原因。當(dāng)溫度升高至39和42 ℃時(shí),HSP70蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量顯著下降(P<0.05),表明HSP70蛋白的熱保護(hù)作用只能在一定溫度范圍內(nèi)起作用[11,27,38]。但39、42 ℃處理組意大利蝗存活率仍為100%(數(shù)據(jù)未發(fā)表),這可能是由于除HSP70蛋白外,機(jī)體仍能通過(guò)合成熱激蛋白家族其他蛋白以增強(qiáng)機(jī)體耐熱性[39-41]。
圖2 不同溫度下HSP70蛋白表達(dá)的免疫組織化學(xué)分析Fig. 2 Immunohistochemical assay of HSP70 expression at different temperatures
圖3 意大利蝗卵子發(fā)生期HSP70相對(duì)表達(dá)量Fig. 3 The relative expression level of HSP70 positive in oogenesis of Calliptamus italicus
注:不同小寫(xiě)字母表示不同溫度處理間差異顯著(P<0.05)。
Note:Different lowercase letters indicate significant difference among different temperatures at the 0.05 level.
本研究表明,在一定溫度范圍內(nèi),高溫脅迫可引起意大利蝗卵子發(fā)生期HSP70蛋白表達(dá)增強(qiáng),以此提高其生殖系統(tǒng)的高溫耐受性。HSP家族中HSP70對(duì)環(huán)境脅迫最為敏感[42-43]。在溫度脅迫條件下,細(xì)胞內(nèi)出現(xiàn)大量變性蛋白,而HSP70蛋白作為一種非特異性保護(hù)蛋白,可幫助變性蛋白恢復(fù)正確構(gòu)象,從而增強(qiáng)生物的耐熱能力,這可能是熱激蛋白在脅迫細(xì)胞內(nèi)的重要保護(hù)機(jī)制[44]。
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(責(zé)任編輯 武艷培)
Effects of brief exposure to high temperatures on HSP70 expression in oogenesis ofCalliptamusitalicus
Xiang Min, Hu Hong-xia, Yu Fei, Ji Rong, Wang Han
(International Research Center for the Collaborative Containment of Cross-Border Pests in Central Asia, Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Species Conservation and Regulatory Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi 830054, China)
The expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in the oogenesis ofCalliptamusitalicuswas detected by immunohistochemistry after the exposure of adult insects to temperatures of 33, 36, 39, and 42 ℃ for 4 h. The results showed that HSP70 was expressed in the oocytes and follicular cells during the previtellogenic stage, but was only expressed in the follicular cells only during the vitellogenic and postvitellogenic stages. The relative expression of HSP70 showed an initial increase, but then decreased with an increase in temperature in the range from 33~42 ℃. The highest expression, which was significantly higher than those in the control (27 ℃), was observed when adult insects were exposed to 36 ℃ (P<0.05). The lowest expression was observed when adults were exposed to 42 ℃, but there was no significant difference between treatment at 42 and 27 ℃ (P>0.05). The relative expression of HSP70 was significantly different at different temperatures, which may be critical for the resistance and adaptation ofC.italicusto brief exposure to high temperature.
Calliptamusitalicus; brief exposure to high temperature; HSP70; vitellogenesis; immunohistochemistry
Wang Han E-mail:wanghanguoxi@sina.com
2016-07-20 接受日期:2017-03-24
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(31260104);新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開(kāi)放課題(2015KL028);科技部國(guó)際合作專(zhuān)項(xiàng)(2015DFR30290);新疆特殊環(huán)境物種多樣性應(yīng)用與調(diào)控實(shí)驗(yàn)室資助項(xiàng)目
向敏(1992-),女,新疆庫(kù)爾勒人,在讀碩士生,研究方向?yàn)槔ハx(chóng)生殖生態(tài)學(xué)。E-mail:1441109005@qq.com
王晗(1980-),女,河北邢臺(tái)人,副教授,博士,研究方向?yàn)槔ハx(chóng)生理生態(tài)學(xué)及適應(yīng)機(jī)制。E-mail:wanghanguoxi@sina.com
10.11829/j.issn.1001-0629.2016-0397
S433.2
A
1001-0629(2017)06-1299-07
向敏,扈鴻霞,于非,季榮,王晗.短時(shí)高溫處理對(duì)意大利蝗卵子發(fā)生期HSP70蛋白表達(dá)的影響.草業(yè)科學(xué),2017,34(6):1299-1305.
Xiang M.Hu H X,Yu F,Ji R,Wang H.Effects of brief exposure to high temperatures on HSP70 expression in oogenesis ofCalliptamusitalicus.Pratacultural Science,2017,34(6):1299-1305.