徐承箴 劉倫飛
[摘要] 目的 探討銀屑病患者血清細(xì)胞因子白細(xì)胞介素-17(Interleukin-17,IL-17)、半胱天冬酶-1(caspase-1)、白細(xì)胞介素-18(Interleukin-18,IL-18)的變化情況。 方法 選擇尋常型銀屑病患者80例為銀屑病組,健康體檢者80例為對照組。酶聯(lián)免疫吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)法測定兩組血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平。 結(jié)果 銀屑病組患者血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平分別為(215.46±19.78)pg/mL、(112.31±12.14)pg/mL、(134.25±18.85)pg/mL,對照組患者血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平分別為(142.31±7.80)pg/mL、(43.25±5.65)pg/mL、(62.97±12.13)pg/mL,兩組血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.000、0.000、0.000),銀屑病組患者血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平高于對照組。銀屑病進(jìn)展期患者血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平分別為(265.47±16.57)pg/mL、(137.56±8.93)pg/mL、(163.24±5.83)pg/mL,銀屑病靜止期患者血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平分別為(165.37±11.25)pg/mL、(68.73±5.46)pg/mL、(76.86±4.87)pg/mL,兩組患者血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.000、0.000、0.000),銀屑病進(jìn)展期患者血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平高于靜止期。銀屑病患者血清IL-17和caspase-1、IL-18均呈正相關(guān)(r=0.673、0.742,P=0.000、0.000),血清caspase-1和IL-18呈正相關(guān)(r=0.587,P=0.000)。 結(jié)論 尋常型銀屑病患者血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平升高,IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18在尋常型銀屑病的發(fā)病中具有重要作用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 銀屑病;白細(xì)胞介素-17;半胱天冬酶-1;白細(xì)胞介素-18
[中圖分類號] R758.63 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-9701(2017)14-0005-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the changes of serum cytokines of interleukin-17 (IL-17), caspase-1 and interleukin-18(IL-18) in the patients with psoriasis. Methods 80 patients with psoriasis vulgaris were selected as the psoriasis group, and another 80 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. Levels of serum IL-17, caspase-1 and IL-18 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). Results The levels of serum IL-17, caspase-1 and IL-18 in the patients of psoriasis group were(215.46±19.78) pg/mL, (112.31±12.14) pg/mL, and (134.25±18.85) pg/mL. The levels of serum IL-17, caspase-1 and IL-18 in the control group were (142.31±7.80) pg/mL, (43.25±5.65) pg/mL, and (62.97±12.13) pg/mL. The differences of the levels of serum IL-17, caspase-1 and IL-18 between the two groups were statistically significant(P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000). The levels of serum IL-17, caspase-1 and IL-18 in the psoriasis group were higher than those in the control group. The levels of serum IL-17, caspase-1 and IL-18 in the patients of psoriasis development stage were(265.47±16.57)pg/mL, (137.56±8.93) pg/mL, and(163.24±5.83) pg/mL respectively. The levels of serum IL-17, caspase-1 and IL-18 in the patients with psoriasis stationary phase were(165.37±11.25)pg/mL, (68.73±5.46) pg/mL, and(76.86±4.87) pg/mL. The differences of the levels of serum IL-17, caspase-1 and IL-18 in the two groups were statistically significant(P=0.000, 0.000, 0.000). The levels of serum IL-17, caspase-1 and IL-18 in the patients with psoriasis development stage were higher than those in the stationary stage. There was a positive correlation between serum IL-17, caspase-1 and IL-18 in the patients with psoriasis(r=0.673, 0.742, P=0.000, 0.000). There was a positive correlation between serum caspase-1 and IL-18(r=0.587, P=0.000). Conclusion The levels of serum IL-17, caspase-1 and IL-18 in the patients with psoriasis vulgaris are increased, and IL-17, caspase-1 and IL-18 play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris.
[Key words] Psoriasis; Interleukin-17; Caspase-1; Interleukin-18
銀屑病為一種炎癥性、自身免疫性、復(fù)發(fā)性皮膚病,對患者的身心健康造成嚴(yán)重影響,其發(fā)病機(jī)制比較復(fù)雜,包括免疫因素、代謝內(nèi)分泌因素、精神因素、環(huán)境因素、感染因素、遺傳因素等。銀屑病作為一種自身免疫性疾病,免疫因素在銀屑病的發(fā)病中發(fā)揮重要作用[1],其中以T細(xì)胞為中心的免疫因素受到大家廣泛重視,T細(xì)胞亞群包括Th1、Th2、Th17和調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞四種。IL-17為Th17細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的細(xì)胞因子,在自身免疫性疾病的發(fā)生中具有重要作用[2,3];caspase-1為白細(xì)胞介素轉(zhuǎn)化酶,屬于caspase家族成員之一,caspase-1被激活后可以促進(jìn)炎癥性因子的釋放[4,5];IL-18為Th1細(xì)胞分泌的細(xì)胞因子之一,可以促進(jìn)Th17細(xì)胞分泌細(xì)胞因子IL-17,能夠誘導(dǎo)Th1細(xì)胞分泌細(xì)胞因子INF-γ,在自身免疫性疾病的發(fā)生中也具有重要作用[6]。本文對尋常型銀屑病患者血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18變化情況進(jìn)行研究,探討其在銀屑病發(fā)病中的作用。
1 資料與方法
1.1 臨床資料
選擇安吉縣人民醫(yī)院(浙江醫(yī)院安吉分院)2015年1月~2016年12月尋常型銀屑病患者80例為銀屑病組,健康體檢者80例為對照組。銀屑病組和對照組的年齡和性別比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.814、0.521),具有可比性。見表1。銀屑病組患者根據(jù)病情分為靜止期27例,進(jìn)展期53例。靜止期指病情比較穩(wěn)定,舊疹不見消退,基本沒有新疹出現(xiàn);進(jìn)展期指舊疹不斷擴(kuò)大,新疹不斷出現(xiàn),炎癥明顯[7]。所有患者簽署知情同意書,經(jīng)安吉縣人民醫(yī)院(浙江醫(yī)院安吉分院)倫理委員會審批。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):銀屑病患者有尋常型銀屑病的典型表現(xiàn),3個(gè)月內(nèi)未進(jìn)行過銀屑病治療,1個(gè)月內(nèi)未進(jìn)行皮質(zhì)類固醇激素及免疫抑制劑治療,肝腎功能正常。對照組無銀屑病等皮膚病史,肝腎功能正常。
排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):患感染性疾病或免疫性疾病者,患其他皮膚性疾病者,患糖尿病、高血壓、心臟病、心肌梗死等重大疾病者,近期服用抗生素者,近期有手術(shù)等創(chuàng)傷者,拒絕參與實(shí)驗(yàn)者。
1.2 研究方法
血液標(biāo)本采集:銀屑病患者和對照組體檢者均抽取外周靜脈血3 mL置于離心管中,3000 r/min離心10 min,留取血清進(jìn)行血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平測定。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
觀察銀屑病血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平及其相關(guān)性。血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平測定:采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)法測定血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料以(x±s)表示,兩組比較采用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料以%表示,兩組比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),相關(guān)性采用Spearman相關(guān)分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 銀屑病組和對照組血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平比較
銀屑病組患者血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平分別為(215.46±19.78)pg/mL、(112.31±12.14)pg/mL、(134.25±18.85)pg/mL,對照組患者血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平分別為(142.31±7.80)pg/mL、(43.25±5.65)pg/mL、(62.97±12.13)pg/mL,兩組血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.000、0.000、0.000),銀屑病組患者血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平高于對照組。見表2。
2.2 銀屑病患者靜止期和進(jìn)展期血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平比較
銀屑病進(jìn)展期患者血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平分別為(265.47±16.57)pg/mL、(137.56±8.93)pg/mL、(163.24±5.83)pg/mL,銀屑病靜止期患者血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平分別為(165.37±11.25)pg/mL、(68.73±5.46)pg/mL、(76.86±4.87)pg/mL,兩組患者血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平比較差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.000、0.000、0.000),銀屑病進(jìn)展期患者血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18水平高于靜止期。見表3。
2.3 銀屑病患者血清IL-17、caspase-1、IL-18的相關(guān)性分析
銀屑病患者血清IL-17和caspase-1、IL-18均呈正相關(guān)(r=0.673、0.742,P=0.000、0.000),血清caspase-1和IL-18呈正相關(guān)(r=0.587,P=0.000)。見表4。
3 討論
銀屑病為自身免疫性疾病,由Th1細(xì)胞介導(dǎo),銀屑病患者存在免疫紊亂,啟動其免疫紊亂的上游事件為固有免疫系統(tǒng)的激活,Th1/Th17通過分泌多種細(xì)胞因子在機(jī)體的適應(yīng)性免疫應(yīng)答中共同介導(dǎo)免疫反應(yīng),引起銀屑病的病理變化。根據(jù)臨床特征,銀屑病分為紅皮病型銀屑病、膿皰型銀屑病、關(guān)節(jié)病型銀屑病、尋常型銀屑病[8],本文對尋常型銀屑病進(jìn)行研究。四種T細(xì)胞亞群通過分泌細(xì)胞因子參與機(jī)體的免疫反應(yīng),細(xì)胞因子為組織細(xì)胞分泌的小分子多肽介質(zhì),具有可溶性,對白細(xì)胞的遷移、分化、生長和激活有影響作用,參與細(xì)胞之間的相互聯(lián)系,細(xì)胞因子包括干擾素、白細(xì)胞介素、腫瘤壞死因子、生長因子與轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子、克隆刺激因子、趨化因子,其中白細(xì)胞介素主要由T細(xì)胞分泌產(chǎn)生;白細(xì)胞介素家族細(xì)胞因子在自身免疫性疾病和感染性疾病中具有多種免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用[9]。
IL-17為Th17細(xì)胞分泌的細(xì)胞因子,能夠募集中性粒細(xì)胞、誘導(dǎo)效應(yīng)細(xì)胞釋放炎癥因子,是一種強(qiáng)大的前炎癥細(xì)胞因子,能夠促進(jìn)機(jī)體局部組織中產(chǎn)生單核細(xì)胞趨化蛋白-1、白細(xì)胞介素-8、生長調(diào)節(jié)因子等趨化因子,促進(jìn)中性粒細(xì)胞以及單核細(xì)胞的數(shù)量快速增加,并可以刺激炎癥細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生前列腺素E和白細(xì)胞介素-6等炎癥細(xì)胞因子,對局部炎癥反應(yīng)有增強(qiáng)作用,在自身免疫性疾病和感染性疾病中具有重要作用[10-14]。caspase-1為白細(xì)胞介素轉(zhuǎn)化酶,由單核細(xì)胞合成,可以加工成熟IL-18、IL-1β等多種細(xì)胞因子。caspase-1活化后產(chǎn)生多種效應(yīng),可引起細(xì)胞凋亡,也可激活細(xì)胞因子。活化的caspase-1可以裂解IL-33、IL-18、IL-1β產(chǎn)生活化形式,從而參與炎癥反應(yīng)過程。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)caspase-1在克羅恩病、類風(fēng)濕性關(guān)節(jié)炎等自身免疫相關(guān)性疾病中具有重要作用[15,16]。IL-18由Th1細(xì)胞分泌產(chǎn)生,對Th17細(xì)胞分泌IL-17具有促進(jìn)和維持作用,還可以誘導(dǎo)Th1細(xì)胞分泌INF-γ細(xì)胞因子,在銀屑病的發(fā)生發(fā)展中發(fā)揮重要作用[17,18]。
本文對尋常型銀屑病患者血清IL-17和caspase-1、IL-18水平進(jìn)行研究,并探討IL-17和caspase-1、IL-18之間的相關(guān)性,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):銀屑病患者血清IL-17和caspase-1、IL-18水平均升高,進(jìn)展期銀屑病患者血清IL-17和caspase-1、IL-18水平明顯高于靜止期銀屑病患者,銀屑病患者血清IL-17和caspase-1、IL-18均呈正相關(guān),血清caspase-1和IL-18呈正相關(guān)??梢姡琁L-17和caspase-1、IL-18在尋常型銀屑病的發(fā)生發(fā)展中具有重要作用,IL-17和caspase-1、IL-18之間均呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系。銀屑病為自身免疫性疾病的一種,其發(fā)病過程中存在免疫功能紊亂;在銀屑病的進(jìn)展期,Th1細(xì)胞活躍,分泌大量的IL-18細(xì)胞因子,使IL-18在銀屑病患者的外周血中高表達(dá),IL-18的高表達(dá)進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)Th17細(xì)胞分泌IL-17及Th1細(xì)胞分泌INF-γ,IL-17和INF-γ均為促炎因子,尤其IL-17為強(qiáng)效促炎因子,通過和IL-17受體結(jié)合招募和活化中性粒細(xì)胞,誘導(dǎo)多種炎性細(xì)胞因子釋放,各種炎性細(xì)胞因子共同作用引起銀屑病病情的不斷發(fā)展[19];caspase-1可以裂解IL-18,使其形成具有活性的IL-18,caspase-1通過合成活性的前炎性因子參與銀屑病的發(fā)生發(fā)展[20]。
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(收稿日期:2017-02-23)