李寶龍,劉軻,計(jì)鵬飛,萬曉晨
(1.浙江省寧波明州醫(yī)院 普通外科,浙江 寧波 315100;2.浙江醫(yī)院 檢驗(yàn)科,浙江 杭州 310030)
結(jié)腸癌患者腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群與腫瘤細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移的關(guān)系*
李寶龍1,劉軻1,計(jì)鵬飛1,萬曉晨2
(1.浙江省寧波明州醫(yī)院 普通外科,浙江 寧波 315100;2.浙江醫(yī)院 檢驗(yàn)科,浙江 杭州 310030)
目的探討結(jié)腸癌患者腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群與腫瘤細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移的關(guān)系。方法前瞻性收集該院收治的結(jié)腸癌患者89例,所有患者行結(jié)腸癌切除術(shù),收集術(shù)中腫瘤標(biāo)本,檢測(cè)腫瘤組織中CD4+T細(xì)胞、CD8+T細(xì)胞和調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞。分析CD4+T細(xì)胞、CD8+T細(xì)胞及調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞與患者臨床特征關(guān)系。結(jié)果隨著TNM分期的增加,CD4+T細(xì)胞和調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞增加,CD8+T細(xì)胞降低(P<0.05)。高分化、中分化及低分化患者調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞分別為(6.59±1.87)%、(7.27±1.81)%和(8.12±1.92)%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。合并淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移患者CD4+T細(xì)胞增高,CD8+T細(xì)胞降低,調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞升高(P<0.05)。腺癌、黏液癌期未分化癌調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞分別為(6.82±1.88)%、(7.28±1.82)%和(8.22±1.91)%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群失衡與腫瘤細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān),調(diào)節(jié)微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞水平或可改善患者臨床預(yù)后。
結(jié)腸癌;腫瘤微環(huán)境;T細(xì)胞;轉(zhuǎn)移
結(jié)腸癌是中老年人最常見的惡性腫瘤之一,可發(fā)生于結(jié)腸的任何部位,早期常無明顯癥狀或僅有便血、貧血等非特異性表現(xiàn),是導(dǎo)致患者死亡的重要原因[1]。導(dǎo)致結(jié)腸癌患者預(yù)后不良的最主要危險(xiǎn)因素是腫瘤細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)移,由于結(jié)腸癌早期不易被發(fā)現(xiàn),因此確診時(shí)部分患者已伴有局部淋巴結(jié)甚至遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移[2-4]。近年來研究發(fā)現(xiàn),腫瘤的轉(zhuǎn)移與免疫系統(tǒng)相關(guān),T細(xì)胞免疫功能失衡的患者更容易發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移。2016年SUNDSTROM等[5]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞可以通過影響腺苷的活性,抑制細(xì)胞毒性T細(xì)胞進(jìn)入腫瘤微環(huán)境,進(jìn)而抑制機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的殺傷作用。SON等[6]動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示,調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞敲除后的肺癌和結(jié)腸癌小鼠,放療對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的殺傷作用得到加強(qiáng)。免疫在腫瘤發(fā)生、發(fā)展中的作用為腫瘤治療提供一個(gè)新方向。然而,目前關(guān)于結(jié)腸癌患者腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群與腫瘤細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移的關(guān)系尚無相關(guān)報(bào)道。另外CARETHERS等[7]研究顯示,不同種族的結(jié)腸癌腫瘤微環(huán)境中CD8+T細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)情況不同。因此探討我國結(jié)腸癌人群中腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)情況及其臨床意義,具有十分重要的臨床意義。
1.1 一般資料
前瞻性選取2015年1月-2016年1月浙江省寧波明州醫(yī)院收治的結(jié)腸癌患者。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①結(jié)腸癌;②在本院確診并接受手術(shù)治療;③年齡18~65歲;④同意參與本研究。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①肝腎等臟器功能不全;②合并急性或慢性感染性疾?。虎?個(gè)月內(nèi)曾發(fā)生心肌梗死、腦梗塞等重大心血管疾病;④合并其他腫瘤;⑤系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡等免疫性疾??;⑥甲狀腺功能不全;⑦12個(gè)月內(nèi)曾接受分子生物治療、化療或放療等特殊治療;⑧6個(gè)月內(nèi)曾接受免疫調(diào)節(jié)劑治療;⑨合并創(chuàng)傷等其他重大疾病。研究期間,根據(jù)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn),共納入結(jié)腸癌患者89例,其中男性51例,女性38例。TNM分期:Ⅱ期34例,Ⅲ期39例,Ⅳ期16例;腫瘤細(xì)胞分化程度:高分化21例,中分化45例,低分化23例。腫瘤直徑2.6~9.8 cm,平均腫瘤直徑(5.48±1.87)cm。55例合并淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移,腺癌55例,黏液癌18例,未分化癌16例。本研究中所有患者知情同意并簽署知情同意書,本研究通過醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 觀察指標(biāo)
收集患者術(shù)中腫瘤標(biāo)本,檢測(cè)腫瘤標(biāo)本中CD4+T細(xì)胞、CD8+T細(xì)胞和調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞。術(shù)中留取腫瘤組織,取據(jù)腫瘤邊緣>1 cm的組織制作成細(xì)胞懸液,加入相關(guān)單克隆抗體后使用Epics XL型流式細(xì)胞儀(美國Beckman Coulter公司)檢測(cè)T細(xì)胞亞群。同時(shí)收集患者年齡、性別、TNM分期、腫瘤分化程度、腫瘤直徑、腫瘤組織類型及淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移等臨床特征。分析不同臨床特征患者T細(xì)胞亞群差異。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
數(shù)據(jù)分析采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,用t檢驗(yàn)或方差分析,兩兩比較用LSD-t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 不同性別腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群相對(duì)水平比較
男性和女性腫瘤微環(huán)境中CD4+T細(xì)胞、CD8+T細(xì)胞及調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞水平比較,經(jīng)t檢驗(yàn),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表1。
2.2 不同年齡腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群相對(duì)水平比較
年齡≥50歲與<50歲人群腫瘤微環(huán)境中CD4+T細(xì)胞、CD8+T細(xì)胞及調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞水平比較,經(jīng)t檢驗(yàn),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表2。
2.3 不同TNM分期腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞相對(duì)水平比較
表1 不同性別腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群相對(duì)水平比較(%,±s)
表1 不同性別腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群相對(duì)水平比較(%,±s)
性別調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞男性(n=51) 20.58±2.48 29.58±3.27 7.12±1.88女性(n=38) 20.48±2.33 29.78±3.36 7.22±1.91 t值 0.193 0.282 0.247 P值 0.847 0.779 0.806 CD4+T細(xì)胞CD8+T細(xì)胞
表2 不同年齡腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群相對(duì)水平比較(%,±s)
表2 不同年齡腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群相對(duì)水平比較(%,±s)
年齡調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞≥50歲(n=48) 20.62±2.55 29.92±3.41 7.27±1.89 <50歲(n=41) 20.44±2.39 29.37±3.38 7.04±1.90 t值 0.342 0.762 0.571 P值 0.733 0.448 0.570 CD4+T細(xì)胞CD8+T細(xì)胞
不同TNM分期腫瘤微環(huán)境中CD4+T細(xì)胞、CD8+T細(xì)胞及調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞水平比較,經(jīng)方差分析,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),隨著TNM分期增加,CD4+T細(xì)胞和調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞水平升高,CD8+T細(xì)胞水平降低。見表3。
2.4 不同腫瘤細(xì)胞分化程度腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群相對(duì)水平比較
高分化、中分化和低分化患者調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞水平比較,經(jīng)方差分析,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。腫瘤細(xì)胞分化程度與腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群無關(guān)(P>0.05)。見表4。
2.5 不同腫瘤直徑腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群相對(duì)水平比較
直徑≥5 cm與<5 cm患者的CD4+T細(xì)胞和CD8+T細(xì)胞及調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞水平比較,經(jīng)t檢驗(yàn),差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表5。
2.6 不同淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群相對(duì)水平比較
有無淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移患者的CD4+T細(xì)胞、CD8+T細(xì)胞及調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞水平比較,經(jīng)t檢驗(yàn),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),合并淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的患者CD4+T細(xì)胞增高,CD8+T細(xì)胞降低,調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞升高。見表6。
2.7 不同腫瘤細(xì)胞病理類型腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群相對(duì)水平比較
腺癌、黏液癌和未分化癌調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞水平比較,經(jīng)方差分析,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。不同腫瘤細(xì)胞病理類型的患者CD4+T細(xì)胞和CD8+T細(xì)胞水平比較,經(jīng)方差分析,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表7。
表3 不同TNM分期腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞相對(duì)水平比較(%,±s)
表3 不同TNM分期腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞相對(duì)水平比較(%,±s)
TNM分期 調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞Ⅱ期(n=34) 19.66±2.46 30.69±3.31 6.09±1.73 CD4+T細(xì)胞CD8+T細(xì)胞Ⅲ期(n=39)Ⅳ期(n=16)20.49±2.52 22.51±2.39 29.48±3.28 27.95±3.46 7.12±1.88 8.23±1.94 F值 3.284 2.874 3.569 P值 0.002 0.035 0.000
表4 不同腫瘤細(xì)胞分化程度腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群相對(duì)水平比較 (%,±s)
表4 不同腫瘤細(xì)胞分化程度腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群相對(duì)水平比較 (%,±s)
分化程度 調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞高分化(n=21) 20.46±2.41 31.40±3.54 6.59±1.87 CD4+T細(xì)胞CD8+T細(xì)胞中分化(n=45)低分化(n=23)20.12±2.46 21.42±2.49 29.41±3.51 28.58±3.41 7.27±1.81 8.12±1.92 F值 1.643 1.983 2.943 P值 0.147 0.105 0.021
表6 不同淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群相對(duì)水平比較 (%,±s)
表6 不同淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群相對(duì)水平比較 (%,±s)
淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移 調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞有(n=55) 21.08±2.59 29.03±3.41 7.83±2.07無(n=34) 19.66±2.46 30.69±3.31 6.09±1.73 t值 2.561 2.256 4.094 P值 0.012 0.027 0.000 CD4+T細(xì)胞CD8+T細(xì)胞
表7 不同腫瘤細(xì)胞病理類型腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群相對(duì)水平比較 (%,±s)
表7 不同腫瘤細(xì)胞病理類型腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群相對(duì)水平比較 (%,±s)
病理類型 調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞腺癌(n=55) 20.19±2.44 30.12±3.62 6.82±1.88黏液癌(n=18) 20.52±2.38 29.46±3.51 7.28±1.82未分化癌(n=16) 21.74±2.48 28.34±3.33 8.22±1.91 F值 1.673 1.824 3.274 P值 0.172 0.129 0.000 CD4+T細(xì)胞CD8+T細(xì)胞
結(jié)腸癌好發(fā)于中老年人,可發(fā)生肝、肺轉(zhuǎn)移,是威脅中老年人的一個(gè)重大疾病之一[8-9]。隨著研究的發(fā)展,免疫系統(tǒng)在腫瘤發(fā)生、發(fā)展中的作用越來越受到重視,同時(shí)也為腫瘤的治療提供新的方向。T細(xì)胞免疫在介導(dǎo)機(jī)體對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的殺傷作用中起到關(guān)鍵作用。2017年SHARP等[10]研究顯示,轉(zhuǎn)移的結(jié)腸癌患者體內(nèi)Th17細(xì)胞增加,Th17細(xì)胞可以促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞對(duì)免疫系統(tǒng)的耐受。CARETHERS等[7]研究顯示,不同種族的結(jié)腸癌腫瘤微環(huán)境中CD8+T細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)情況不同。因此,很有必要探討我國人群中結(jié)腸癌腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群的表達(dá)水平及臨床意義。CD4+T細(xì)胞、CD8+T細(xì)胞及調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞是T細(xì)胞亞群中的重要細(xì)胞。CD4+T細(xì)胞在抑炎因子的作用下,分化為調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞,主要介導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞對(duì)免疫系統(tǒng)的耐受。CD8+T細(xì)胞可以在促炎因子的作用下分化為細(xì)胞毒性T細(xì)胞,可以加強(qiáng)機(jī)體對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的殺傷作用[11-12]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,隨著TNM分期的增加,CD4+T細(xì)胞和調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞增加,而CD8+T細(xì)胞水平降低(P<0.05)。表明TNM分期越高的患者,機(jī)體對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的殺傷作用更弱。高分化、中分化及低分化患者調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞分別為(6.59±1.87)%、(7.27± 1.81)%和(8.12±1.92)%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,表明腫瘤細(xì)胞分化程度為低分化的患者對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的殺傷作用較差。本研究結(jié)果還顯示,合并淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的患者CD4+T細(xì)胞和調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞水平升高,而CD8+T細(xì)胞水平降低,表明合并淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移的患者對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的殺傷作用較差。未分化癌其惡性程度較腺癌和黏液癌高,臨床預(yù)后較差[13]。本研究同樣顯示,未分化癌患者調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞水平較高。TNM分期高、腫瘤分化程度為低分化、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和未分化癌均是腫瘤細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)移和預(yù)后不良的征象,說明結(jié)腸癌患者腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群與腫瘤細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)移有關(guān)。SUNDSTROM等[5]研究也證實(shí),結(jié)腸癌患者調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞水平升高,進(jìn)而抑制效應(yīng)性T細(xì)胞進(jìn)入腫瘤微環(huán)境中,從而促進(jìn)腫瘤的生長(zhǎng)。2014年我國學(xué)者張利利等[17]研究同樣表明,結(jié)腸癌患者外周血中調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞水平異常增高,且與患者臨床分期有關(guān)。但該實(shí)驗(yàn)是研究患者外周血中免疫力,而本研究是探討腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞免疫、腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞數(shù)量和功能對(duì)腫瘤的發(fā)生、發(fā)展的意義。
表5 不同腫瘤直徑腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群相對(duì)水平比較 (%,±s)
表5 不同腫瘤直徑腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群相對(duì)水平比較 (%,±s)
直徑調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞≥5 cm(n=50) 20.82±2.61 29.88±3.48 7.31±1.92 <5 cm(n=39) 20.17±2.39 29.39±3.55 6.97±1.82 t值 1.209 0.653 0.848 P值 0.230 0.515 0.399 CD4+T細(xì)胞CD8+T細(xì)胞
綜上所述,腫瘤微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞亞群失衡與腫瘤細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān),調(diào)節(jié)微環(huán)境中T細(xì)胞水平或可改善患者臨床預(yù)后。
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(童穎丹 編輯)
Correlations between T cell subsets in tumor microenvironment and tumor cell metastasis in patients with colon cancer*
Bao-long Li1,Ke Liu1,Peng-fei Ji1,Xiao-chen Wan2
(1.Department of General Surgery,Mingzhou Hospital of Ningbo,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315100, China;2.Clinical Laboratory,Zhejiang Hospital,Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310030,China)
ObjectiveTo investigate the relationships between T cell subsets in tumor microenvironment and tumor cell metastasis in patients with colon cancer.MethodsA total of 89 patients with colon cancer in our hospital were enrolled.All patients underwent resection of colon cancer.The tumor specimens were collected.CD4+T cells,CD8+T cells and regulatory T cells in the tumor tissues were detected,and their correlations with clinical features of colon cancer patients were studied.ResultsWith the increase of TNM staging,CD4+T cells and regulatory T cells increased,and CD8+T cells decreased(P<0.05).The regulatory T cells of the patients with well-differentiated,moderately-differentiated and poorly-differentiated colon cancers were (6.59±1.87)%, (7.27±1.81)%and (8.12±1.92)%respectively,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).CD4+T cells and regulatory T cells were increased,while CD8+T cells were decreased in the patients with lymph node metastasis (P<0.05).The regulatory T cells of adenocarcinoma,mucinous carcinoma and undifferentiated carcinoma were (6.82±1.88)%, (7.28±1.82)% and (8.22±1.91)% respectively,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe imbalance of T cell subsets in tumor microenvironment is related to the metastasis of tumor cells,therefore regulation of the T cells in the microenvironment could improve the prognosis.
colon cancer;tumor microenvironment;T cell;metastasis
R735.35
A
10.3969/j.issn.1005-8982.2017.09.018
1005-8982(2017)09-0087-04
2016-02-10
2014年浙江省醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生一般研究計(jì)劃(No:2014KYA003)