車經(jīng)偉
【摘要】 目的 分析不典型肺結(jié)核的臨床診斷要點。方法 回顧性分析128例不典型肺結(jié)核患者的臨床資料及診斷方法。結(jié)果 所有患者肺葉、段均可受累, 累及兩葉以上者有90例。位于肺結(jié)核好發(fā)部位下葉基底段的患者為60例, 位于肺門及縱隔的患者為14例, 位于中葉及舌葉的患者為44例, 位于上葉尖后段及下葉背段的患者為36例, 位于上葉前段的患者為42例。128例患者中結(jié)節(jié)或腫塊型40例, 彌漫型12例, 肺實變型32例, 肺不張型20例, 肺門及縱隔淋巴結(jié)腫大型14例, 肺紋理增多增粗型10例。結(jié)論 在臨床診療中, 由于不典型肺結(jié)核的發(fā)生部位、臨床表現(xiàn)、CT影像均布具有典型性, 需全面、細致地分析患者的胸部CT等臨床資料, 早期反復(fù)性痰涂片試驗, 積極選擇肺穿刺檢查與纖支鏡檢查。若上述方法還無法進行確診, 可實施診斷性抗結(jié)核治療或手術(shù)探查方法。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 不典型肺結(jié)核;診斷要點;分析
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2016.33.040
Analysis of essentials of diagnosis for atypical pulmonary tuberculosis CHE Jing-wei. Department of Outpatient, Liaoning Jinzhou City Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinzhou 121000, China
【Abstract】 Objective To analyze essentials of clinical diagnosis for atypical pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods A total of 128 patients with atypical pulmonary tuberculosis were taken into retrospective analysis on their clinical data and diagnosis measures. Results All patients showed involved pulmonary lobe and pulmonary segments, and there were 90 patients with both involved pulmonary lobe and pulmonary segments. There were 60 cases with basal segment of lower lobe as predilection site of pulmonary tuberculosis, 14 cases with hilus pulmonis and mediastinum, 44 cases with middle lobe and lingular lobe, 36 cases with posterior segment of superior lobe and back segment of lower lobe, and 42 cases with anterior segment of superior lobe. Among 128 patients, there were 40 cases with node or lump type, 12 cases with diffuse type, 32 cases with pulmonary consolidation type, 20 cases with pulmonary atelectasis type, 14 cases with hilus pulmonis and mediastinal lymphadenectasis type, and 10 cases with increasing and thickening lung marking. Conclusion In clinical diagnosis and treatment of atypical pulmonary tuberculosis, due to its typical occurrence site, clinical manifestation and CT imaging, it is necessary to apply comprehensive and detailed analysis of clinical data of chest CT, early repeated sputum smear test, and active selection of lung puncture and bronchofiberscope examination. Diagnostic antituberculous treatment or surgical exploration method can be applied to make definite diagnosis in compensation of failed diagnosis by the measures above.
【Key words】 Pulmonary tuberculosis; Essentials of diagnosis; Atypical; Analysis
近年來, 隨著醫(yī)療技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展, 臨床對于肺結(jié)核的主要癥狀、體征和相關(guān)影像學(xué)已較為熟悉, 很容易進行確診[1, 2]。但是, 不典型肺結(jié)核的影像多種多樣, 出現(xiàn)誤診的可能性很大[3]。為有效減少誤診情況的出現(xiàn), 現(xiàn)將不典型肺結(jié)核的臨床診斷要點報告如下。
1 資料與方法
1. 1 一般資料 選取本中心2010年4月~2016年6月收治的不典型肺結(jié)核患者128例作為研究對象。其中男80例, 女48例, 年齡22~83歲, 平均年齡為56歲。所有患者均自愿同意參與此次研究。按臨床癥狀分, 無癥狀患者6例;胸痛患者12例;咳嗽、咳痰患者96例;胸悶、氣喘患者18例;痰血或咯血患者16例;乏力、消瘦患者16例;高熱患者20例;低熱、盜汗患者12例。血沉增快患者92例, 結(jié)核菌素試驗強陽性患者12例, 血白細胞異?;颊?0例, 結(jié)核抗體陽性患者52例。慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者28例, 心臟病患者14例, 合并糖尿病患者20例, 結(jié)締組織病患者4例, 支氣管擴張患者8例。