莊培濤 譚雪瑩 邱建濤 葛倩 邢雪 類成剛
·論著·
人脂肪間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞對(duì)急性壞死性胰腺炎大鼠治療療效的觀察
莊培濤 譚雪瑩 邱建濤 葛倩 邢雪 類成剛
目的 觀察人脂肪間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞(hADMSCs)對(duì)急性壞死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠胰腺組織修復(fù)及炎癥反應(yīng)的影響,探討其可能機(jī)制。方法 分離、純化hADMSCs,流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)hADMSCs表面標(biāo)志物CD90、CD29、CD34、CD45。將80只體重170~210 g SD雄性大鼠按完全隨機(jī)法分為4組,對(duì)照組8只,其余每組24只。對(duì)照組不做任何處理;假手術(shù)組行開(kāi)腹翻動(dòng)腸壁后關(guān)腹;ANP組采用開(kāi)腹后?;悄懰徕c膽胰管逆行注射法制模;hADMSCs組在制模后12 h將DAPI標(biāo)記的hADMSCs通過(guò)尾靜脈注射入大鼠體內(nèi)。觀察各組12、24、48 h大鼠的存活情況、胰腺的大體形態(tài)及病理變化,檢測(cè)血清淀粉酶活性及TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平;觀察hADMSCs在大鼠胰腺、肝臟、肺組織中的分布情況。結(jié)果 對(duì)照組與假手術(shù)組大鼠全部存活,ANP組大鼠術(shù)后24、48 h分別死亡5、11只。hADMSCs組術(shù)后48 h死亡12只,與ANP組比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。hADMSCs組術(shù)后胰腺病理?yè)p傷程度較ANP組減輕。hADMSCs組術(shù)后12、24、48 h的淀粉酶活性分別為(999±110)、 (1831±110)、(3991±130)U/L,TNF-α水平為(62.40±2.35)、(80.51±4.51)、(93.46±6.60)ng/L,IL-6水平為(60.46±7.34)、(80.61±8.40)、(100.58±9.49)ng/L,較ANP組的(2 402±146)、(3 292±137)、(5 632±112)U/L,(87.13±3.39)、(105.41±10.06)、(114.57±3.06)ng/L,(70.67±10.90)、(107.61±10.53)、(145.34±10.48)ng/L均顯著降低,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均<0.05);IL-10水平為(56.63±6.35)、(80.38±5.71)、(100.26±6.51)ng/L,較ANP組(45.26±8.04)、(68.25±8.42)、(81.32±5.96)ng/L均顯著升高,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均<0.05)。hADMSCs可遷移到胰腺、肝臟、肺臟等受損組織內(nèi),以胰腺組織內(nèi)數(shù)量最多,肺組織次之,肝臟組織最少。結(jié)論 hADMSCs參與胰腺組織損傷的修復(fù),其機(jī)制可能與抑制TNF-α、IL-6分泌,增加IL-10分泌,從而減輕炎癥反應(yīng)有關(guān)。
胰腺炎,急性壞死性; 間質(zhì)干細(xì)胞; 干細(xì)胞移植; 大鼠
Fund program:Project supported by Qingdao science and Technology Commission[12-1-4-16-(5)-jch]
間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞(mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs)是一種來(lái)源于組織和器官的有多向分化潛能的成體干細(xì)胞,具有免疫調(diào)節(jié)、炎癥趨化、組織修復(fù)功能及低免疫原性等生物學(xué)特性,在組織修復(fù)與免疫調(diào)節(jié)中發(fā)揮重要作用[1-3]。目前,人們已成功地將MSCs從骨髓、胎盤(pán)、脂肪、臍帶血、肝臟等組織器官中培養(yǎng)出來(lái)。有研究證實(shí)MSCs可以減輕急性壞死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠的胰腺組織病理?yè)p傷、降低血清炎性因子及酶學(xué)指標(biāo)的水平[4]。脂肪MSCs取材方便,來(lái)源豐富,可在體外穩(wěn)定增殖傳代,在一定誘導(dǎo)條件下可以定向分化為中胚層及內(nèi)、外胚層組織細(xì)胞[5]。本研究用人脂肪來(lái)源的MSCs(human adipose mesenchymal stem cells, hADMSCs)治療ANP大鼠,觀察其對(duì)ANP大鼠胰腺病理?yè)p傷及炎癥反應(yīng)的影響,探討其作用機(jī)制。
一、hADMSCs的分離、培養(yǎng)和鑒定
90只健康清潔級(jí)SD大鼠[合格證號(hào)sckl(魯)20140007]購(gòu)于青島市大任富成畜牧有限公司,鼠齡8~10周,體重170~210 g,在恒定溫度(22±2)℃和室內(nèi)濕度(55±4)%環(huán)境下適應(yīng)性飼養(yǎng)1周,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)飲食、自由飲水。
無(wú)菌條件下獲取人脂肪生理鹽水混合物50 ml,離心、PBS清洗2遍去除血細(xì)胞,獲得純度較高的脂肪顆粒,用0.075%Ⅰ型膠原酶37℃恒溫?fù)u床消化60 min,1 500 r/min離心10 min,棄上層未消化的脂肪組織及油脂,重懸沉淀后用200目篩網(wǎng)過(guò)濾,再次離心,用紅細(xì)胞裂解液裂解紅細(xì)胞5 min、PBS洗滌2遍,10%胎牛血清高糖DMEM重懸,以(1~5)×104/cm2密度接種至10 cm2培養(yǎng)板中。以第1次接種的細(xì)胞為0代,記作P0代,待細(xì)胞90%融合后使用0.25%胰酶消化,以1∶3比例接種傳代。取第3代(P3代)hADMSCs,采用流式細(xì)胞技術(shù)檢測(cè)hADMSCs表面標(biāo)志物CD34、CD90、CD29、CD45的表達(dá)進(jìn)行鑒定。
二、hADMSCs的DAPI標(biāo)記
取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期hADMSCs,PBS洗滌細(xì)胞2次,無(wú)菌條件下加入DAPI工作液,置于細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱10 min。棄DAPI工作液,PBS洗去未與細(xì)胞核結(jié)合的DAPI。熒光顯微鏡下觀察細(xì)胞標(biāo)記情況,用含20%胎牛血清的高糖DMEM培養(yǎng)液繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)。
三、動(dòng)物模型建立及分組
將80只SD大鼠按完全隨機(jī)法分為4組。對(duì)照組8只,其余每組24只。對(duì)照組不做任何處理;假手術(shù)組行開(kāi)腹翻動(dòng)腸壁后關(guān)腹;ANP組開(kāi)腹后采用?;悄懰徕c膽胰管逆行注射方法制模;hADMSCs組在制模后12 h將DAPI標(biāo)記的hADMSCs懸液(5×106個(gè))通過(guò)尾靜脈注射入大鼠體內(nèi)。除對(duì)照組外,其他各組大鼠于術(shù)后12、24、48 h記錄大鼠的存活情況,至脫頸處死取材。
四、大鼠胰腺組織病理學(xué)檢測(cè)
取大鼠胰腺組織,以4%多聚甲醛4℃固定30 min,行HE染色,觀察病理學(xué)改變。
五、大鼠血清淀粉酶及TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10測(cè)定
按照試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)檢測(cè)各組大鼠血清淀粉酶活性及TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平。
六、hADMSCs在胰腺、肝臟、肺中的分布
脫頸處死大鼠后快速取得胰腺、肝臟、肺等標(biāo)本,-80℃冰箱避光凍存,2 h內(nèi)制作冷凍切片,熒光顯微鏡下觀察DAPI標(biāo)記的hADMSCs在各器官中的分布情況。
七、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
一、各組大鼠生存情況
對(duì)照組與假手術(shù)組大鼠全部存活。ANP組大鼠術(shù)后24、48 h分別死亡5只和11只。hADMSCs組術(shù)后48 h死亡12只,與ANP組比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
二、hADMSCs的培養(yǎng)與鑒定
人脂肪細(xì)胞P0代接種24 h可見(jiàn)少量細(xì)胞貼壁,5 d后可見(jiàn)多處細(xì)胞集落形成;10 d左右細(xì)胞達(dá)80%融合;P3代細(xì)胞維持成纖維細(xì)胞樣形態(tài),呈放射狀生長(zhǎng),3 d即可達(dá)80%融合。流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)CD90、CD29均陽(yáng)性,CD34、CD45均陰性(圖1)。
圖1 P3代hADMSCs表面標(biāo)志物CD90、CD29、CD34、CD45的表達(dá)(流式細(xì)胞儀)
三、胰腺組織病理學(xué)改變
對(duì)照組與假手術(shù)組大鼠胰腺無(wú)明顯病理學(xué)改變,鏡下見(jiàn)胰腺組織結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,腺泡小葉結(jié)構(gòu)完整,間質(zhì)無(wú)滲出。ANP組術(shù)后12 h胰腺水腫、壞死,并出現(xiàn)滲出液,鏡下見(jiàn)出血性壞死,腺泡小葉結(jié)構(gòu)破壞,炎細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn);24 h后胰腺壞死加重,胰周脂肪皂化,大量血性腹水,鏡下見(jiàn)胰腺葉間隔、小葉間隙、腺泡間隔增寬,小葉結(jié)構(gòu)紊亂,大量炎細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),胰腺腺泡細(xì)胞腫脹,有灶性壞死、出血;48 h后病理?yè)p傷繼續(xù)加重。hADMSCs組胰腺組織亦出現(xiàn)上述變化,但損傷程度明顯輕于ANP組(圖2)。
四、hADMSCs在體內(nèi)的分布
hADMSCs組大鼠的胰腺、肝臟、肺等器官內(nèi)均可見(jiàn)DAPI標(biāo)記的hADMSCs,以胰腺組織內(nèi)數(shù)量最多(圖3),肺組織次之,肝臟組織最少。
五、各組血清淀粉酶活性及炎性因子水平的變化
正常組、假手術(shù)組、hADMSCs組的淀粉酶活性均低于ANP組,各組間差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均<0.05)。ANP組、hADMSCs組血TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平均隨時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)而升高,hADMSCs組各時(shí)間點(diǎn)血TNF-α、IL-6水平低于ANP組,IL-10水平高于ANP組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均<0.05,表1)。
重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)是常見(jiàn)的外科急腹癥之一,即使當(dāng)今對(duì)疾病的診療技術(shù)已有高度的發(fā)展,SAP患者的病死率仍高達(dá)16.3%[6],早期易并發(fā)多臟器功能衰竭(MODS),并占SAP死亡病例的50%以上[7]。在SAP早期,各種炎性細(xì)胞包括淋巴細(xì)胞、內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞、單核細(xì)胞被激活,釋放大量炎性遞質(zhì),隨病情進(jìn)展炎性反應(yīng)不斷放大,出現(xiàn)全身炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征(SIRS),最終導(dǎo)致MODS。ADMSCs是來(lái)源于中胚層的多分化潛能干細(xì)胞,最早由Zuk等[8]從抽脂術(shù)中抽取的脂肪組織懸液中分離培養(yǎng)獲得。在恰當(dāng)?shù)恼T導(dǎo)條件下ADMSCs能向成骨細(xì)胞、軟骨細(xì)胞、骨骼肌細(xì)胞、肝臟細(xì)胞等中胚層及其他胚層細(xì)胞分化,具有多系分化潛能和橫向跨胚層分化能力[5]。任莉莉等[9]研究證實(shí),經(jīng)胎胰蛋白誘導(dǎo),hADMSCs可以向胰腺細(xì)胞系分化。張?zhí)煜榈萚10]實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,經(jīng)靜脈移植的hADMSCs進(jìn)入大鼠體內(nèi)后(異種移植)未出現(xiàn)明顯免疫排斥反應(yīng),證實(shí)hADMSCs具有良好的免疫耐受性?;谝陨?,hADMSCs用于小鼠ANP的治療具有堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論基礎(chǔ),但尚未有相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。
圖2 造模后12、24、48 h的ANP組(2A~2C)、hADMSCs組(2D~2F)胰腺組織病理改變(HE ×200)
圖3 胰腺組織內(nèi)DIPA染色的hADMSCs(熒光顯微鏡 ×200)
既往研究證實(shí),TNF-α是ANP的始動(dòng)因子[11],IL-6參與了ANP的多臟器功能損害,IL-10具有抑制以上兩種促炎因子釋放的作用[12-15]。王建軍等[16]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)ADMSCs能夠顯著抑制活化的淋巴細(xì)胞增殖,且這種抑制作用與ADMSCs數(shù)量呈正相關(guān)。ADMSCs亦能使Th2細(xì)胞IL-10的分泌增加。因此hADMSCs通過(guò)抑制淋巴細(xì)胞的增殖,進(jìn)而抑制炎性遞質(zhì)的釋放,增加抗炎因子的釋放,在早期減輕胰腺的炎癥反應(yīng)[17]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,與ANP組相比,hADMSCs組大鼠胰腺組織病理?yè)p傷明顯減輕,血清TNF-α、IL-6水平降低,IL-10水平上升,與上述觀點(diǎn)一致。
最近的研究表明移植MSCs能自動(dòng)歸巢到受損組織,而不歸巢到未損傷組織[18]。Fischer-Valuck等[19]發(fā)現(xiàn)MSCs歸巢主要取決于全身和局部炎癥反應(yīng)的強(qiáng)弱,IL-13和TNF-α在MSCs向損傷組織動(dòng)員及歸巢過(guò)程中起重要作用。單毓強(qiáng)等[20]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)MSCs注射到ANP大鼠體內(nèi),3 d后檢測(cè)到有少量MSCs轉(zhuǎn)化為胰腺細(xì)胞和內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,第3天與第7
表1 各組大鼠各時(shí)間點(diǎn)血淀粉酶活性及TNF-α、IL-6、IL-10水平的變化
注:-:無(wú)數(shù)據(jù)
天相比,MSCs的轉(zhuǎn)化率略有上升,但差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,另外細(xì)胞集落刺激因子(granulocyte colony stimulating factor,G-CSF)對(duì)MSCs的分化具有促進(jìn)作用。本研究結(jié)果顯示,經(jīng)大鼠尾靜脈移植hADMSCs后,hADMSCs能遷移到受損的胰腺、肝臟、肺等組織內(nèi)。由于本研究觀察時(shí)間較短,且沒(méi)有做hADMSCs轉(zhuǎn)化為胰腺細(xì)胞和內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的相關(guān)檢測(cè),故有待進(jìn)一步探討hADMSCs在大鼠體內(nèi)分化的機(jī)制和信號(hào)途徑。
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(本文編輯:冀凱宏)
Experimental observation of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in the treatment of acute necrotic pancreatitis in rats
ZhuangPeitao,TanXueying,QiuJiantao,GeQian,XingXue,LeiChenggang.
DepartmentofHepatobiliarylaboratory,QingDaoMunicipalHospital,QingDao266011,China
LeiChenggang,Email:13589280586@163.com
Objective To observe the effect of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) on pancreatic tissue repair and inflammatory reaction of acute necrotic pancreatitis (ANP) in rat, and explore the possible mechanism. Methods Isolation and purification of hADMSCs and flow cytometry to detect the the surface markers including CD90, CD29, CD34and CD45were performed. Eighty SD male rats with the body weight of 170~210 g were randomly divided into 4 groups. There were 8 rats in the control group, 24 rats in other group. Control group underwent no treatment; sham operation group underwent intestinal wall stirring and then abdominal closure; ANP model group was established by open abdominal retrograde injection of sodium taurocholate into bile duct; and in hADMSCs group, DAPI labeled hADMSCs were injected by tail vein into the rat at 12 h after sodium taurocholate injection. The survival of the rats, and gross morphological and pathological changes of the pancreas was observed at 12, 24, and 48 h, and the serum TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 and amylase were detected. The distribution of hADMSCs in the pancreas, liver and lung was examined in hADMSCs group. Results Rats in control group and sham operation group were all alive. In ANP group, 5 and 11 rats were dead at 24 and 48 h, respectively, and in hADMSCs group 12 rats were dead at 48 h. Compared with ANP group, the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05).The pathological changes of the pancreas were significantly less severe in hADMSCs group than in ANP group. In hADMSCs group, the amylase at 12, 24 and 48 h was(999±110 )、(1 831±110)、(3 991±130 )U/L; TNF-α level was (62.40±2.35), (80.51±4.51) and (93.46±6.60)ng /L; IL-6 was (60.46±7.34), (80.61±8.40) and(100.58±9.49)ng /L; and these were all significantly lower than those in ANP model group [amylase (2 402±146), (3 292±137) and (5 632±112)U/L; TNF-α(87.13±3.39), (105.41±10.06), (114.57±3.06)ng/L; IL-6 (70.67±10.90)、(107.61±10.53)、(145.34±10.48)U/L], and the differences were all statistically significant (allP<0.05). IL-10 in hADMSCs group was (56.63±6.35), (81.32±5.96), (100.26±6.51)ng/L, which were increased compared with those in ANP model group [(45.26±8.04), (68.25±8.42), (80.38±5.71)ng/L], and the difference was statistically significant (allP<0.05). hADMSCs can migrate to the pancreas, liver, lungs and other damaged tissue, with most in pancreatic tissue, less in lung tissue, and least in liver tissue. Conclusions The mechanism of hADMSCs in repairing pancreatic tissue injury was associated with inhibiting TNF-α and IL-6 secreting and increasing IL-10, thus reducing inflammatory reaction.
Pancreatitis, acute necrotizing; Mesenchymal stem cells; Stem cell transplantation; Rats
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2017.02.003
266071 山東青島,青島大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)部附屬青島市市立醫(yī)院肝膽胰外科(莊培濤、譚雪瑩、葛倩、邢雪、類成剛);青島大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院心血管外科(邱建濤)
類成剛,Email:13589280586@163.com
青島市科委課題[12-1-4-16-(5)-jch]
2016-04-30)