辛伽倫++++++黃冬++++++夏冬東++++++劉之榮
[摘要] 目的 探討抑制EphA4受體活性對少突膠質(zhì)前體細胞(OPC)發(fā)育的影響。 方法 將分離純化的OPC隨機分為正常組、EphA4受體抑制劑處理組(EphA4-FC組)。EphA4-FC組加入250 nmol/L EphA4-FC,培養(yǎng)至第2天。免疫細胞化學(xué)染色法觀察正常組OPC特異性標志物NG2與EphA4受體的共表達情況;通過細胞計數(shù)觀察兩組OPC數(shù)量變化情況;通過Western blot檢測兩組細胞蛋白樣品中OPC特異性蛋白血小板源性生長因子α受體(PDGFαR)的表達變化情況。 結(jié)果 免疫細胞化學(xué)染色顯示,正常體外培養(yǎng)OPC高表達EphA4受體;與正常組比較,EphA4-FC組的NG2+陽性細胞數(shù)量明顯增多(P < 0.05)。Western blot顯示,與正常組比較,EphA4-FC組細胞蛋白中PDGFαR的表達顯著增高(P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 培養(yǎng)的OPC上高表達EphA4受體,通過抑制EphA4受體可以促進OPC的增殖。
[關(guān)鍵詞] EphA4受體;少突膠質(zhì)前體細胞;慢性腦缺血;腦白質(zhì)損傷
[中圖分類號] R743.3 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2017)02(b)-0013-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of inhibit EphA4 receptor on oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC). Methods The purified OPC was randomly divided into normal group and EphA4-FC group (250 nmol/L, 2 d). Immunofluorescence staining was used to observe the co-expression of NG2 (a marker for OPC) and EphA4 receptor. Cell counting was used to observe the change of OPC. Western blot was used to examine the expression of platelet-derived growth factor α receptor (PDGFαR, a marker for OPC) in two groups. Results Immunofluorescence staining showed that the high expression of EphA4 receptor on OPCs in vitro, and compared with normal group, more NG2+ cells were observed in the EphA4-FC group (P < 0.05). Western blot showed that PDGFαR expression was significantly increased, compared with normal group (P < 0.05). Conclusion EphA4 receptor is express highly on OPC in vitro, and inhibition of EphA4 receptor can promote OPC proliferation.
[Key words] EphA4 receptor; Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell; Chronic cerebral ischemia; White matter lesion
隨著人口老齡化進程發(fā)展,超過一半的老年人有不同程度的腦白質(zhì)損傷(WML)[1],慢性腦灌注不足是導(dǎo)致WML的主要原因[2-3]。腦白質(zhì)的組成成分少突膠質(zhì)細胞(OLs)、軸突和髓鞘對缺血高度易損,OLs的死亡丟失、軸突的變性壞死及髓鞘的脫失是WML的主要病理改變[4]。OLs來源于腦白質(zhì)原位的OPC以及室管膜下區(qū)的多潛能神經(jīng)干細胞[5-6],腦白質(zhì)脫髓鞘損傷后,損傷原位的OPC可通過增殖分化補充死亡丟失的OLs[7]。研究表明,Eph-Ephrin信號通路可影響OLs系的發(fā)育,如脊髓損傷后OPC和OLs上均有Eph受體表達[8];OPC與軸突間可通過Eph-Ephrin相互作用進行遷移[9];阻滯EphA4可促進小鼠脊髓損傷后軸突再生[10];阻滯EphA4信號通路,可改善阿爾茲海默病小鼠模型中海馬的突觸功能障礙[11]。本課題組前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn)WML過程中存在OLs系的減少,同時伴隨EphA4表達變化,兩者呈負相關(guān)[12]。為此,設(shè)計本實驗探討抑制EphA4受體是否對OPC發(fā)育有影響作用。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料
SD仔鼠[新生3 d,SPF級,40只,由第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)實驗動物中心提供,合格證號:SCXK(軍)2012-0007;遵循第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)有關(guān)實驗動物保護和使用的指南,并經(jīng)第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)實驗動物倫理委員會批準進行]。EphA4受體抑制劑EphA4-FC(R&D Systems),小鼠源性抗NG2抗體(Abcam),兔源性抗EphA4抗體(Abcam),兔源性抗PDGFαR抗體(Abcam),小鼠源性抗GAPDH抗體(康為世紀)。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 OPC細胞培養(yǎng) 采用本課題組前期研究的改良法培養(yǎng)OPC[13],將其接種至事先包被過的含玻片的24孔培養(yǎng)板或培養(yǎng)皿中。
1.2.2 免疫細胞化學(xué)雙標記染色 取出放置于24孔板內(nèi)的細胞爬片,4%PFA固定20 min;PBS沖洗5 min×3次;一抗孵育(NG2=1∶500;EphA4=1∶250),4℃冰箱內(nèi)孵育過夜;次日,PBS沖洗5 min×3次;二抗孵育(Rb-biotin=1∶250;Ms-cy3=1∶250),室溫下避光孵育1 h;PBS沖洗5 min×3次;三抗孵育(avidin-cy2=1∶250),室溫下避光孵育1 h;PBS沖洗5 min×3次,甘油封片、采圖。
1.2.3 免疫細胞化學(xué)染色后細胞計數(shù) 將放置有細胞爬片的24孔板隨機分成兩組:正常組、EphA4-FC組。抑制劑處理組加入250 nmol/L EphA4-FC,培養(yǎng)至第2天后處理。染色方法同前,做3次以上進行數(shù)據(jù)分析,每次實驗每組細胞至少選取3張細胞爬片,每張爬片不少于20個視野,用來觀察并計數(shù)統(tǒng)計NG2/Hoechst+細胞,計數(shù)按雙盲原則進行。
1.2.4 Western blot 將培養(yǎng)有OPC的培養(yǎng)皿隨機分為兩組:正常組、EphA4-FC組。抑制劑處理組加入250 nmol/L EphA4-FC,培養(yǎng)至第2天后處理。用細胞膜蛋白提取試劑盒(碧云天生物技術(shù))提取各組細胞膜蛋白;測定蛋白濃度后制備蛋白樣品;然后依次進行制膠,上樣,電泳,轉(zhuǎn)膜,封閉;孵育一抗(PDGFαR=1∶500,GAPDH=1∶3000),4℃過夜;孵育二抗(HRP標記的山羊抗兔IgG=1∶10 000,HRP標記的山羊抗小鼠IgG=1∶10 000,康為世紀)室溫1 h;洗膜后放入化學(xué)發(fā)光儀中顯影、采圖。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進行分析和處理,計量資料以均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗,以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 培養(yǎng)OPC上EphA4受體表達情況
免疫細胞化學(xué)雙標記染色法觀察培養(yǎng)OPC中EphA4受體的表達結(jié)果,見圖1。在正常培養(yǎng)的OPC細胞中,可見NG2+(紅色)細胞與EphA4+(綠色)細胞共存。Merge結(jié)果顯示,NG2+標記OPC細胞上大量表達EphA4受體,共標完全。
2.2 抑制EphA4受體活性對OPC增殖的影響
免疫細胞化學(xué)染色后通過細胞計數(shù)觀察EphA4-FC對OPC增殖的影響結(jié)果,見圖2。與正常組比較,EphA4-FC組的NG2+/Hoechst+雙標陽性細胞數(shù)量明顯增多(P < 0.05)。
2.3 抑制EphA4受體活性對OPC標記蛋白PDGFαR表達的影響
Western blot結(jié)果見圖3。與正常組比較,EphA4-FC組的PDGFαR蛋白表達量明顯升高(P < 0.05)。
3 討論
研究表明,防治WML的關(guān)鍵是補充死亡丟失的OLs[14]。OLs主要來源于SVZ區(qū)的Type-B細胞,其分化產(chǎn)生OPC,OPC繼續(xù)增殖后遷移至各白質(zhì)區(qū)域,然后分化為成熟的OLs[15]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Eph受體家族成員EphA4在脊髓損傷修復(fù)中扮演了重要角色,可影響脊髓白質(zhì)損傷修復(fù)及軸突再生過程[16]。本課題組在前期實驗中發(fā)現(xiàn),WML存在OPC及EphA4受體表達變化[12]。為此本研究通過EphA4-FC抑制OPC上EphA4受體活性,觀察EphA4受體活性改變對OPC發(fā)育的影響。通過上述研究結(jié)果可以看出,正常培養(yǎng)的OPC細胞上有大量EphA4受體表達。對培養(yǎng)的OPC給予EphA4抑制劑處理后發(fā)現(xiàn),與正常組相比,EphA4-FC組OPC細胞數(shù)量明顯增多;同時,OPC特異性標志蛋白PDGFαR表達量的增多也反映了OPC細胞數(shù)量增多。由此表明,抑制OPC上的EphA4受體活性可以促進其增殖。雖然本實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)EphA4受體對OPC發(fā)育有影響,但其作用機制尚不明確,通過查閱文獻發(fā)現(xiàn),Eph受體下游信號通路有ERK/MAPK、Rho-GTP等[17-18]。有研究表明,ERK/MAPK是調(diào)控細胞增殖分化的重要信號通路[19];而RhoA信號通路是神經(jīng)細胞軸突再生、導(dǎo)向,細胞骨架重塑等的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)[20]。Eph-Ephrin信號通路的激活可抑制ERK/MAPK,但激活RhoA[21]。由此可作出推測,OPC上存在的EphA4受體可通過Eph-Ephrin信號通路激活下游的RhoA并抑制ERK,最終發(fā)揮影響OPC發(fā)育的作用,這一過程還有待進一步探討闡釋?,F(xiàn)有研究階段表明,抑制EphA4受體活性可促進OPC的增殖,從而補充死亡丟失的OLs,達到防治WML的目的,這為WML的防治提供了新的理論依據(jù)。
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