陳 靜,崔寶弟,孫震曉
(北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)中藥學(xué)院,北京 100102)
去甲斑蝥素作用早期對(duì)人肝癌細(xì)胞活性氧及NF-E2相關(guān)因子2/抗氧化反應(yīng)元件信號(hào)通路的激活
陳 靜*,崔寶弟*,孫震曉
(北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)中藥學(xué)院,北京 100102)
目的探究去甲斑螯素(NCTD)誘導(dǎo)人肝癌HepG2細(xì)胞凋亡及G2/M期阻滯的早期事件,分析NCTD作用早期HepG2細(xì)胞內(nèi)活性氧自由基(ROS)的變化規(guī)律及NCTD對(duì)NF-E2相關(guān)因子/抗氧化反應(yīng)元件(Nrf2/ARE)信號(hào)通路的影響。方法NCTD30,60和120 μmol·L-1分別作用于體外培養(yǎng)的人肝癌HepG2細(xì)胞3,6,12,24,48和72 h,MTT法檢測NCTD對(duì)細(xì)胞存活的影響;流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測NCTD 60 μmol·L-1作用細(xì)胞12,24和48 h對(duì)細(xì)胞周期和細(xì)胞凋亡的影響;DCFH-DA探針結(jié)合流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測NCTD 30,60和120 μmol·L-1作用于3,6和12 h對(duì)HepG2細(xì)胞內(nèi)ROS的影響;熒光素酶法測定NCTD同時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)染ARE和熒光素酶報(bào)告基因的HepG2C8細(xì)胞的熒光強(qiáng)度;實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測對(duì)血紅素氧合酶-1(HO-1)和醌氧化還原酶-1(NQO1)mRNA表達(dá)的影響。結(jié)果NCTD 30,60和120 μmol·L-1作用3和6 h對(duì)HepG2細(xì)胞存活無明顯影響,而作用24,48和72 h對(duì)HepG2細(xì)胞有明顯生長抑制作用(P<0.01);NCTD 60 μmol·L-1作用12 h后可誘導(dǎo)HepG2細(xì)胞發(fā)生凋亡及G2/M期阻滯,12,24和48 h凋亡細(xì)胞比例分別由12 h細(xì)胞對(duì)照組(4.00±1.98)%增加到(12.10±1.70)%,24 h對(duì)照組(4.05±0.21)%增加到(31.80± 6.50)%,48 h對(duì)照組(3.90±0.85)%增加到(33.30±1.41)%;12,24和48 h G2/M期細(xì)胞比例分別由12 h對(duì)照組的(16.51±1.58)%增加到(40.89±0.18)%,24 h對(duì)照組的(16.99±1.32)%增加到(55.29±3.99)%,48 h對(duì)照組的(14.45±0.59)%增加到(50.66±5.88)%,相應(yīng)各時(shí)相NCTD處理組G1期細(xì)胞比例明顯下降(P<0.01);NCTD 30,60和120 μmol·L-1作用HepG2細(xì)胞3,6和12 h,ROS無明顯變化,作用HepG2C8細(xì)胞6和12 h可明顯激活Nrf2/ARE信號(hào)通路,下游基因HO-1和NQO1 mRNA表達(dá)顯著上調(diào)(P<0.05)。結(jié)論NCTD作用HepG2細(xì)胞早期可明顯激活Nrf2/ARE信號(hào)通路;ROS激活可能不是NCTD誘導(dǎo)人肝癌HepG2細(xì)胞凋亡及G2/M期阻滯的主要原因。
去甲斑蝥素;細(xì)胞凋亡;細(xì)胞周期;Nrf2/ARE信號(hào)通路;活性氧自由基;血紅素加氧酶-1;NAD(P)H:醌氧化還原酶-1
去甲斑蝥素(norcantharidin,NCTD)是我國自主研發(fā)的一種新型抗腫瘤藥物,兼有抗腫瘤和升高外周血白細(xì)胞的作用,近年來主要用于消化道腫瘤和肺癌的治療,其中對(duì)肝癌的治療效果最好[1],也可與其他化療藥物聯(lián)用來提高療效、減少副作用[2]。盡管有關(guān)NCTD抗癌活性研究已經(jīng)有不少報(bào)道[3-8],但對(duì)其細(xì)胞毒作用的早期事件仍缺乏研究。
研究表明,高濃度活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)或低濃度ROS長時(shí)間作用于細(xì)胞,均可導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞周期阻滯[9]或細(xì)胞凋亡[10],而低濃度ROS短期作用可以引起細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生氧化應(yīng)激,激活NF-E2相關(guān)因子2/抗氧化反應(yīng)元件(NF-E2-related factor 2/ antioxidant response element,Nrf2/ARE)信號(hào)通路[11],Nrf2/ARE信號(hào)通路在機(jī)體抵抗內(nèi)外氧化和化學(xué)刺激等方面均發(fā)揮重要作用。本研究主要在NCTD體外作用人肝癌HepG2細(xì)胞的時(shí)效、量效關(guān)系基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步探索NCTD對(duì)細(xì)胞內(nèi)ROS及細(xì)胞氧化應(yīng)激信號(hào)通路Nrf2/ARE的影響,進(jìn)一步揭示NCTD的抗癌機(jī)制。
1.1 試劑和藥品
1640培養(yǎng)基,胎牛血清,MEM非必需氨基酸購自美國Gibco公司;Trizol Reagent購自美國Invitrogen公司;無RNA酶水購自美國AMERESCO公司;PrimeScriptTM1ststrand cDNA Synthesis試劑盒購自日本TaKaRa公司;PCR引物購自生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司;細(xì)胞凋亡檢測試劑盒購自南京凱基生物科技發(fā)展有限公司;RNA酶抑制劑購自美國Promega公司;DCFH-DA探針購自美國Sigma公司。
1.2 主要儀器
低溫高速臺(tái)式離心機(jī)購自美國Kendro儀器公司,小動(dòng)物活體成像儀購自美國Caliper公司,熒光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)儀購自日本Bio-Rad公司,流式細(xì)胞儀購自美國Becton Dickinson公司,微量RNA濃度檢測儀購自美國Biotek公司。
1.3 細(xì)胞系
人肝癌HepG2細(xì)胞,北京中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)生物制藥實(shí)驗(yàn)室凍存;HepG2C8細(xì)胞為轉(zhuǎn)染了抗氧化元件ARE和熒光素酶基因的HepG2細(xì)胞,由北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)部余四旺老師惠贈(zèng)。
1.4 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)
HepG2細(xì)胞用含10%(V/V)胎牛血清,1%雙抗(青霉素100 U·mL-1和鏈霉素100 μg·mL-1)的RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基,在37℃,5%CO2的飽和濕度培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),2~3 d換液傳代1次。取對(duì)數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象。HepG2C8細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)參照文獻(xiàn)[12-13],用含10%(V/V)胎牛血清,1%雙抗,1% MEM非必需氨基酸的RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基,在37℃,5%CO2的飽和濕度細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),2~3 d換液傳代1次。取對(duì)數(shù)生長期細(xì)胞為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象。
1.5 MTT法檢測細(xì)胞存活
將HepG2細(xì)胞以每孔2×103的密度鋪于96孔板中,培養(yǎng)24 h后用NCTD 30,60和120 μmol·L-1處理。每個(gè)濃度設(shè)置8個(gè)平行孔,細(xì)胞對(duì)照組的孔內(nèi)加入正常培養(yǎng)基作為對(duì)照。分別于3,6,12,24,48和72 h加入終濃度為0.5 g·L-1的MTT繼續(xù)孵育4 h后,吸去孔內(nèi)MTT。每孔加入150 μL DMSO,置微量振蕩器上振蕩10 min,在酶標(biāo)儀570 nm波長處讀取吸光度值(A),并計(jì)算NCTD對(duì)HepG2細(xì)胞的增殖抑制率(%)。抑制率(%)=(1-加藥組A570nm/對(duì)照組A570nm)×100%。
1.6 流式細(xì)胞儀檢測細(xì)胞凋亡與周期
將HepG2細(xì)胞以每孔6×104的密度鋪于6孔板中,24 h后用NCTD 60 μmol·L-1處理12,24和48 h后,收集每個(gè)孔中的全細(xì)胞,每個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)設(shè)置3個(gè)平行對(duì)照,實(shí)驗(yàn)完全獨(dú)立得重復(fù)3次。細(xì)胞對(duì)照組細(xì)胞加入正常培養(yǎng)基作為對(duì)照。按說明書用流式細(xì)胞儀檢測細(xì)胞凋亡和周期變化。
1.7 細(xì)胞內(nèi)ROS水平檢測
將HepG2細(xì)胞以每孔3×105的密度接種于6孔板中,24 h后實(shí)驗(yàn)組換含濃度分別為NCTD30,60和120 μmol·L-1的完全培養(yǎng)基,細(xì)胞對(duì)照組細(xì)胞加入正常培養(yǎng)基作為對(duì)照。分別于3,6和12 h后收集每個(gè)孔中的全細(xì)胞,加入終濃度為100 μmol·L-1的DCFH-DA探針溶液黑暗孵育30 min后,洗去多余的探針,用流式細(xì)胞儀在488 nm激發(fā)波長,525 nm發(fā)射波下檢測熒光強(qiáng)度[14-15],熒光強(qiáng)度數(shù)值與ROS水平成正相關(guān)關(guān)系。每個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)、每個(gè)濃度設(shè)置3個(gè)平行對(duì)照。
1.8 熒光素酶法檢測HepG2C8細(xì)胞熒光強(qiáng)度
將轉(zhuǎn)染ARE及熒光素酶報(bào)告基因的HepG2細(xì)胞HepG2C8細(xì)胞以每孔1×104的密度常規(guī)接種于96孔板中,24 h后實(shí)驗(yàn)組換含濃度分別為NCTD 30,60和120 μmol·L-1的完全培養(yǎng)基,叔丁基對(duì)苯二酚(tert-butylhydroquinone,tBHQ)為Nrf2的激活劑,以tBHQ為陽性藥,分別在3,6和12 h時(shí),在96孔板中添加100 μL用PBS稀釋的熒光素酶底物,立即用小動(dòng)物成像儀檢測96孔板中每個(gè)孔的總熒光強(qiáng)度。
1.9 qRT-PCR技術(shù)檢測血紅素加氧合酶-1(heme oxygenase-1,HO-1)、NAD(P)H:醌氧化還原酶-1〔NAD(P)H:quinoneoxidoreductase 1,NQO1〕mRNA的表達(dá)
將HepG2細(xì)胞以每孔3×105的密度接種于6孔板中,24 h后實(shí)驗(yàn)組換含濃度分別為NCTD 30,60和120 μmol·L-1的完全培養(yǎng)基,分別在3,6和12h后收集每個(gè)孔中全細(xì)胞,按照Trizol說明書提取RNA,合成cDNA;實(shí)時(shí)qRT-PCR的反應(yīng)條件:95℃,10 min;95℃,15 s;60℃,1 min,共40個(gè)循環(huán),以β肌動(dòng)蛋白為內(nèi)參,2-ΔΔCt法計(jì)算mRNA的相對(duì)表達(dá)水平。qRT-PCR引物見表1。
1.10 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
Tab.1 Prime sequence of qRT-PCR
2.1 去甲斑蝥素對(duì)HepG2細(xì)胞存活的影響
NCTD 30,60和120 μmol·L-1在3和6 h內(nèi),NCTD 30和60 μmol·L-1在12 h內(nèi)對(duì)HepG2細(xì)胞生長無明顯抑制作用;NCTD 120 μmol·L-1作用12 h、NCTD 30,60和120 μmol·L-1作用24,48和72 h對(duì)HepG2細(xì)胞生長有明顯抑制作用(P<0.01),抑制作用與用藥濃度及時(shí)間呈正比(圖1)。3,6,12,24,48和72 h的濃度效應(yīng)相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.479,0.544,0.892(P<0.01),0.797(P<0.01),0.900(P<0.01)和0.941(P<0.01)。30,60和120 μmol·L-1的時(shí)間效應(yīng)相關(guān)系數(shù)分別為0.829(P<0.01),0.899(P<0.01)和0.933(P<0.01)。
NCTD對(duì)HepG2細(xì)胞存活的影響發(fā)現(xiàn),NCTD 30,60和120 μmol·L-1分別作用3,6和12 h,除120 μmol·L-1作用12 h對(duì)HepG2細(xì)胞生長有一定抑制作用外,其他作用濃度和時(shí)間對(duì)該細(xì)胞生長均無明顯抑制作用,故選擇NCTD 30,60和120 μmol·L-1作用3,6和12 h研究其對(duì)HepG2細(xì)胞內(nèi)ROS含量的影響。
Fig.1 Inhibitory rate of norcantharidin(NCTD)on HepG2 cells for 3-72 h by MTT assay.,n=3.**P<0.01,compared with cell control group.The inhibitory rate of cell control was taken as 0%.
2.2 去甲斑蝥素對(duì)HepG2細(xì)胞凋亡的影響
流式結(jié)果(圖2)顯示,NCTD 60 μmol·L-1作用HepG2細(xì)胞12 h即可以檢測到明顯的細(xì)胞凋亡,12,24和48 h凋亡細(xì)胞比例分別由12 h由細(xì)胞對(duì)照組的(4.00±1.98)%增加到NCTD 60 μmol·L-1組的(12.10±1.70)%(P<0.05),24 h細(xì)胞對(duì)照組的(4.05±0.21)%增加到NCTD 60 μmol·L-1組的(31.80±6.50)%(P<0.01),48 h細(xì)胞對(duì)照組的(3.90±0.85)%增加到NCTD 60 μmol·L-1組的(33.30±1.41)%(P<0.01)。
Fig.2Apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by NCTD detected by flow cytometry analysis.A1:cell control group for 12 h;B1:cell control group for 24 h;C1:cell control group for 48 h;A2:NCTD 60 μmol·L-1for 12 h;B2:NCTD 60 μmol·L-1for 24 h;C2:NCTD 60 μmol·L-1for 48 h.
2.3 去甲斑蝥素對(duì)HepG2細(xì)胞周期的影響
如流式結(jié)果(圖3)所示,NCTD 60 μmol·L-1處理HepG2細(xì)胞12 h即誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞發(fā)生明顯的G2/M期阻滯,由細(xì)胞對(duì)照組的(16.51±1.58)%增加到NCTD 60 μmol·L-1組的(40.89±0.18)%(P<0.01),24 h由細(xì)胞對(duì)照組的(16.99±1.32)%增加到NCTD 60 μmol·L-1組的(55.29±3.99)%(P<0.01),48 h由細(xì)胞對(duì)照組的(14.45±0.59)%增加到NCTD 60 μmol·L-1組的(50.66±5.88)%(P<0.01)。
Fig.3 Cell cycle of HepG2 cells induced by NCTD. A1:cell control group for 12 h;B1:cell control group for 24 h;C1;cell control group for 48 h;A2:NCTD 60 μmol·L-1for 12 h;B2:NCTD 60 μmol·L-1for 24 h;C2:NCTD 60 μmol·L-1for 48 h.
2.4 去甲斑蝥素對(duì)HepG2細(xì)胞內(nèi)ROS含量的影響
NCTD在所選濃度范圍內(nèi)作用HepG2細(xì)胞3~12 h,對(duì)細(xì)胞ROS含量的影響無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(圖4)。
Fig.4 Effect of NCTD on reactive oxygen species(ROS)content in HepG2 cells.FI:fluorescence intensity.
2.5 去甲斑蝥素對(duì)HepG2C8細(xì)胞中Nrf2/ARE信號(hào)通路的激活作用
NCTD 30 μmol·L-1作用6和12 h對(duì)HepG2C8細(xì)胞中ARE均有顯著激活作用(P<0.05,P<0.01),NCTD 60和120 μmol·L-1在3,6和12 h內(nèi)對(duì)HepG2C8細(xì)胞中ARE均有明顯激活作用(P< 0.05,P<0.01)。隨著NCTD濃度的增加,同一時(shí)間點(diǎn)激活作用逐漸增強(qiáng)。與細(xì)胞對(duì)照組相比,NCTD 60 μmol·L-1作用6 h對(duì)ARE的激活作用達(dá)到1.7倍,NCTD 120 μmol·L-1作用6和12 h對(duì)ARE的激活作用分別達(dá)到3.3和5.4倍(圖5)。
Fig.5 Effect of NCTD on activation of ARE in epG2C8 cells trasfected with ARE and luciferase report gene in HepG2 cells.tBHQ:tert-butylhydroquinone,positive control.n=3.*P<0.05,**P<0.01,compared with cell control group.
2.6 去甲斑蝥素對(duì)HO-1和NQO1 mRNA表達(dá)的影響
與細(xì)胞對(duì)照組比較,NCTD30,60和120μmol·L-1作用HepG2細(xì)胞3 h對(duì)HO-1和NQO1 mRNA表達(dá)無明顯影響,作用6 h,對(duì)HO-1和NQO1 mRNA表達(dá)均有明顯激活作用(對(duì)HO-1 mRNA表達(dá)激活分別為P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01;對(duì)NQO1 mRNA表達(dá)激活均為P<0.01),作用12 h仍保持明顯激活作用(對(duì)HO-1 mRNA表達(dá)激活分別為P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.01;對(duì)NQO1 mRNA表達(dá)激活分別為P<0.05,P<0.05,P<0.01),HO-1mRNA表達(dá)與6 h基本持平(30 μmol·L-1)或顯著增強(qiáng)(60和120 μmol·L-1)(均P<0.01),而NQO1 mRNA的表達(dá)12 h比6 h明顯減弱(30 μmol·L-1)(P<0.01)(圖6)。
Fig.6 Effect of NCTD on mRNA expression of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)(A)and NAD(P)H:quinoneoxido?reductase 1(NQO1)(B)in HepG2 by qRT-PCR.*P<0.05,**P<0.01,compared with cell control group;##P<0.01,compared with corresponding 6 h treatment group.
本研究結(jié)果表明,NCTD在一定作用時(shí)間和濃度下對(duì)HepG2細(xì)胞存活有明顯抑制作用,且抑制效果與藥物作用時(shí)間和濃度成正相關(guān)。從NCTD對(duì)HepG2細(xì)胞凋亡和周期的影響可見,HepG2細(xì)胞在NCTD作用12 h后發(fā)生明顯的G2/M期阻滯及凋亡,因而探究發(fā)生在NCTD作用HepG2細(xì)胞12 h內(nèi)的早期生物學(xué)事件對(duì)理解NCTD誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡和G2/M期阻滯有重要價(jià)值。
曾有報(bào)道,NCTD可以促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞ROS的產(chǎn)生并進(jìn)一步引起細(xì)胞凋亡[19-20],但本研究通過流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測發(fā)現(xiàn),NCTD 30~120 μmol·L-1作用3~12 h對(duì)HepG2細(xì)胞中ROS水平無明顯影響,推測這個(gè)階段ROS產(chǎn)生可能不是NCTD誘導(dǎo)人肝癌HepG2細(xì)胞凋亡及G2/M期阻滯的主要原因,NCTD對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞內(nèi)ROS水平的影響可能受細(xì)胞系[19]及ROS分析方法的影響[20],目前研究數(shù)據(jù)雖不支持細(xì)胞內(nèi)ROS激活與NCTD誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡與周期阻滯有正相關(guān)性,但不排除NCTD作用腫瘤細(xì)胞更早期時(shí)產(chǎn)生的ROS已打開細(xì)胞凋亡或周期阻滯相關(guān)信號(hào)通路,二者的關(guān)系尚需進(jìn)一步研究。我們?cè)贜CTD對(duì)其他腫瘤細(xì)胞的抑制作用中曾發(fā)現(xiàn),NCTD對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞中微管的聚合有明顯的抑制作用[21-22],推測NCTD直接作用于細(xì)胞骨架等結(jié)構(gòu)繼而引起細(xì)胞周期阻滯或凋亡在NCTD誘導(dǎo)HepG2細(xì)胞周期阻滯和凋亡中占主要地位。
本研究根據(jù)Nrf2/ARE信號(hào)通路激活機(jī)制,用轉(zhuǎn)染了ARE的HepG2C8細(xì)胞作為實(shí)驗(yàn)工具,檢測NCTD對(duì)Nrf2/ARE信號(hào)通路的激活作用。結(jié)果顯示,在12 h內(nèi),NCTD 30,60和120 μmol·L-1有明顯激活Nrf2/ARE信號(hào)通路的作用,且激活效率有一定濃度依賴性。已知細(xì)胞內(nèi)ROS可以作為第二信使激活Nrf2/ARE抗氧化信號(hào)通路[23],在本研究觀察時(shí)間內(nèi)雖然未檢測到NCTD對(duì)HepG2細(xì)胞內(nèi)ROS水平的影響,NCTD對(duì)HepG2細(xì)胞內(nèi)Nrf2/ ARE信號(hào)通路的激活仍有可能與更早期的ROS產(chǎn)生有關(guān)。有研究表明,Nrf2/ARE信號(hào)通路與腫瘤細(xì)胞的耐藥性密切相關(guān)[24],Nrf2/ARE抗氧化信號(hào)通路的激活可以抵抗細(xì)胞內(nèi)ROS的過量生成,若ROS與NCTD的抗腫瘤作用相關(guān),Nrf2/ARE信號(hào)通路抑制劑與NCTD聯(lián)合用藥可能會(huì)增強(qiáng)NCTD的抗腫瘤作用,需進(jìn)一步開展聯(lián)合用藥及效果評(píng)估研究。另外,大量研究表明,細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)化及惡性腫瘤的發(fā)生與轉(zhuǎn)移與細(xì)胞內(nèi)ROS的產(chǎn)生有關(guān)[25],NCTD可以激活Nrf2/ARE信號(hào)通路,為NCTD作為一種癌癥預(yù)防藥物的研發(fā)提供了思路。
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Early events of norcantharidin reactive oxygen species and NF-E2-related factor 2/antioxidant response element pathway of HepG2 cells
CHEN Jing*,CUI Bao-di*,SUN Zhen-xiao
(College of Chinese Materia Medica,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Beijing 100102,China)
OBJECTIVETo investigate the early events of norcantharidin(NCTD)induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest,the variation of reactive oxygen species(ROS)and the NF-E2-relate?dactor 2/antioxidant response element(Nrf2/ARE)pathway in human HepG2 cells.METHODSThe cyto?toxicity was measured by MTT assay.Apoptosis and cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.The intra toxicity ROS production was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis with DCFH-DA probe and the effect of NCTD on Nrf2/ARE pathway was detected by luciferase assay in HepG2C8 cells under the same condition. The mRNA expression of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1) antioxidase gene in Nrf2/ARE pathway downstream was evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR.RESULTSNo significant cytotoxicity was detected after HepG2 cells were treated with NCTD 30,60 and 120 μmol·L-1for 3 and 6 h,but cellular viability was inhibited significantly by NCTD 30,60 and 120 μmol·L-1for 24,48 and 72 h(P<0.01).Cell apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest occurred after HepG2 cells were treated with NCTD 60 μmol·L-1for 12,24 and 48 h.The percentage of apoptosis increased from(4.00±1.98)%to(12.10±1.70)%for 12 h,from(4.05±0.21)%to(31.8±6.50)%for 24 h,and from (3.90±0.85)%to(33.30±1.41)%for 48 h,respectively.The percentage of G2/M phase increased from (16.51±1.58)%to(40.89±0.18)%for 12 h,from(16.99±1.32)%to(55.29±3.99)%for 24 h,and from (14.45±0.59)%to(50.66±5.88)%for 48 h,respectively.Compared with cell control group,the percentage of G1phase had a significant decrease in the group with NCTD treated at different time points(P<0.01).No significant change in ROS in HepG2 cells was detected after the treatment with NCTD 30,60 and 120 μmol·L-1for 3,6 and 12 h.Nrf2/ARE pathway in HepG2C8 cells was activated by NCTD 30,60 and 120 μmol·L-1for 6 and 12 h.mRNA expression of HO-1 and NQO1 had a signifi?cant activation in HepG2 cells after treatment with NCTD 30,60 and 120 μmol·L-1for 6 and 12 h(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONNCTD can activate Nrf2/ARE pathway in the early stage in HepG2 cells,which may inhibit the intracellular ROS production in the early stage.Activation of ROS may not be the main event in NCTD induced HepG2 cell apoptosis and G2/M phase arrest.
norcantharidin;apoptosis;cell cycle;Nrf2-ARE pathway;reactive oxygen species; heme oxygenase-1;NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1
SUN Zhen-xiao,E-mail:sunzxcn@hotmail.com,Tel:(010)84738646
R285.5,R979.1
A
1000-3002-(2017)01-0094-07
10.3867/j.issn.1000-3002.2017.01.012
2016-05-03接受日期:2016-09-18)
(本文編輯:喬 虹)
國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(81473418);國家林業(yè)局野生動(dòng)植物保護(hù)項(xiàng)目(2012-2016)
陳 靜,女,碩士研究生,主要從事中藥分子細(xì)胞藥理學(xué)與毒理學(xué)研究,E-mail:476494894@qq.com,Tel:(010)84738646;崔寶弟,女,碩士研究生,主要從事中藥及其有效成分抗腫瘤分子細(xì)胞藥理學(xué)研究,Tel:(010)84738646,E-mail:1293772869@qq.com
孫震曉,E-mail:sunzxcn@hotmail.com,Tel:(010)84738646
*共同第一作者。
Foundation item:The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81473418);and Wildlife Protection Project of the State Forestry Administration(2012-2016)
*Co-first author.