丁紅,楊琦,李慧敏
(中國醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第四醫(yī)院腎內(nèi)科,遼寧 沈陽110032)
不同濃度尿酸對(duì)體外培養(yǎng)腎小管上皮細(xì)胞氧化應(yīng)激及凋亡的影響
丁紅,楊琦,李慧敏
(中國醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬第四醫(yī)院腎內(nèi)科,遼寧 沈陽110032)
目的 探討不同濃度尿酸對(duì)腎小管上皮細(xì)胞氧化應(yīng)激及凋亡的影響。方法 將人近曲小管上皮細(xì)胞株(HKC?8)隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組和尿酸A組、尿酸B組和尿酸C組,每組15例,對(duì)照組加入培養(yǎng)液,尿酸A組、尿酸B組和尿酸C組分別加入0.1 mmol/L、0.4 mmol/L和0.8 mmol/L尿酸,培養(yǎng)24 h,光澤精化學(xué)發(fā)光法檢測各組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)超氧陰離子生成量,紫外分光光度法檢測還原型輔酶ⅡNADPH酶蛋白水平,脫氧核糖核苷酸末端轉(zhuǎn)移酶介導(dǎo)的缺口末端標(biāo)記法(TUNEL)檢測腎小管上皮細(xì)胞凋亡率。結(jié)果 尿酸A組、B組和C組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)超氧陰離子生成量和NADPH酶蛋白水平高于對(duì)照組,且呈劑量依賴,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);尿酸A組、B組和C組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞凋亡率高于對(duì)照組,亦呈劑量依賴,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);尿酸A組、B組和C組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞凋亡率分別為(73.4±11.7)%、(322.6±23.2)%、(432.7±34.1)%,均高于對(duì)照組的(16.9±1.2)%,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 尿酸干預(yù)能夠影響腎小管上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)超氧陰離子生成量、NADPH酶蛋白水平和腎小管上皮細(xì)胞凋亡率,尿酸濃度越高,超氧陰離子生成量、NADPH酶蛋白水平和腎小管上皮細(xì)胞凋亡率越高。
尿酸;腎小管上皮細(xì)胞;超氧陰離子;NADPH酶蛋白;凋亡
高尿酸血癥和各種腎臟疾病關(guān)系密切,任何原因引起的腎臟損害都會(huì)使血尿酸水平升高,腎臟損害和高尿酸血癥之間為惡性循環(huán)[1-2]。NADPH氧化酶的催化產(chǎn)物活性氧參與信息傳遞和機(jī)體防御等多種生理過程[3],NADPH氧化酶激活后,產(chǎn)生過多的活性氧,介導(dǎo)機(jī)體發(fā)生應(yīng)激損傷[4-5]。腎小管上皮細(xì)胞為尿酸的直接靶器官之一,尿酸是否參與腎臟的氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng),損傷腎小管上皮細(xì)胞本研究在體外將不同濃度尿酸和腎小管上皮細(xì)胞共同培養(yǎng),探討不同濃度尿酸對(duì)體外培養(yǎng)腎小管上皮細(xì)胞的影響。
1.1 材料 人近曲小管上皮細(xì)胞株(HKC-8)由美國匹茲堡大學(xué)劉友華教授惠贈(zèng),DMEM-F12培養(yǎng)液、胎牛血清(杭州科易生物技術(shù)有限公司)。
1.2 方法HKC-8細(xì)胞用含5%胎牛血清(FBS)及抗生素的DMEM-F12培養(yǎng)液傳代培養(yǎng),HKC接種于六孔板中,細(xì)胞融合到70%時(shí)無血清同步24 h,進(jìn)入實(shí)驗(yàn)。隨機(jī)將其分為對(duì)照組、尿酸A組、尿酸B組和尿酸C組各5例。對(duì)照組加入培養(yǎng)液,尿酸A組、尿酸B組和尿酸C組分別加入0.1 mmol/L、0.4 mmol/L和0.8 mmol/L尿酸,培養(yǎng)24 h。
1.2.1 超氧陰離子生成量測定 收集每組細(xì)胞,采用光澤精化學(xué)發(fā)光法進(jìn)行超氧陰離子生成量測定:加入Krebs-Hepes液中孵育,再加入光澤精,在化學(xué)發(fā)光檢測儀上測定,測定結(jié)果以相對(duì)發(fā)光單位表示。
1.2.2 腎小管上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)NADPH酶蛋白水平測定 將培養(yǎng)的細(xì)胞加入裂解液進(jìn)行裂解,收集上清液檢測,用緩沖液把NADPH配制成不同濃度溶液進(jìn)行孵育后,紫外分光光度計(jì)測定相應(yīng)吸光度值。
1.2.3 腎小管上皮細(xì)胞凋亡測定 采用TUNEL法測定腎小管上皮細(xì)胞的凋亡情況。收集上述培養(yǎng)的細(xì)胞,進(jìn)行涂片,丙酮固定,Triton X-100進(jìn)行破膜,胃蛋白酶消化,磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS)洗滌,切片上加入TdT酶緩沖液,再加入堿性磷酸酶反應(yīng)液反應(yīng)半小時(shí),色缸內(nèi)加入含過氧化氫的PBS液反應(yīng),將切片放置到色缸中,加入緩沖液保溫半小時(shí),PBS洗滌切片,切片上加入過氧化物酶標(biāo)記的抗體反應(yīng)半小時(shí),加入NBT/BCIP顯色,二甲苯脫水,顯微鏡下觀察并計(jì)數(shù)每個(gè)視野內(nèi)1 000個(gè)腎小管細(xì)胞內(nèi)凋亡細(xì)胞的數(shù)量,計(jì)算腎小管上皮細(xì)胞的凋亡率。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo) 觀察各組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)超氧陰離子生成量、NADPH酶蛋白水平和腎小管上皮細(xì)胞凋亡率。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 應(yīng)用SPSS20.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,多組均數(shù)比較采用單因素方差分析,兩兩均數(shù)比較采用t檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 各組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)超氧陰離子生成量比較 由表1看出,尿酸A組、尿酸B組和尿酸C組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)超氧陰離子生成量高于對(duì)照組,且隨著尿酸濃度增加腎小管上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)超氧陰離子生成量明顯增加,呈劑量依賴,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),表明尿酸干預(yù)能夠增加腎小管上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)超氧陰離子生成量。
表1 各組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)超氧陰離子生成量比較(±s)
表1 各組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)超氧陰離子生成量比較(±s)
注:與尿酸B組比較,aP<0.05;與尿酸C組比較,bP<0.05;與對(duì)照組比較,cP<0.05。
組別尿酸A組尿酸B組尿酸C組對(duì)照組F值P值例數(shù)5 5 5 5超氧陰離子(RLU/mg) 1.01±0.09abc1.69±0.13bc2.71±0.17c0.73±0.07 45.386 0.000
2.2 各組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)NADPH酶蛋白比較 由表2看出,尿酸A組、尿酸B組和尿酸C組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)NADPH酶蛋白水平高于對(duì)照組,隨著尿酸濃度增加腎小管上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)NADPH酶蛋白水平亦明顯升高,呈劑量依賴,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
表2 各組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)NADPH酶蛋白比較()
表2 各組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)NADPH酶蛋白比較()
注:與尿酸B組比較,aP<0.05;與尿酸C組比較,bP<0.05;與對(duì)照組比較,cP<0.05。
組別 例數(shù)NADPH酶蛋白(μmol/mg)尿酸A組尿酸B組尿酸C組對(duì)照組F值P值5 5 5 5 1.02±0.1abc1.91±0.15bc2.69±0.22c0.88±0.10 52.981 0.000
2.3 各組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞凋亡率比較 由表3看出,尿酸A組、尿酸B組和尿酸C組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞凋亡率高于對(duì)照組,隨尿酸濃度增加腎小管上皮細(xì)胞凋亡率增高,呈劑量依賴,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),表明尿酸干預(yù)能夠增加腎小管上皮細(xì)胞凋亡。
表3 各組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞凋亡率比較(±s)
表3 各組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞凋亡率比較(±s)
注:與尿酸B組比較,aP<0.05;與尿酸C組比較,bP<0.05;與對(duì)照組比較,cP<0.05。
組別凋亡率(‰)例數(shù)尿酸A組尿酸B組尿酸C組對(duì)照組F值P值73.4±11.7abc332.6±23.2bc432.7±34.1c16.9±1.2 53.427 0.000 5 5 5 5
長期高尿酸血癥是腎臟疾病的主要致病原因[6-7],高尿酸血癥和各種腎臟疾病關(guān)系密切,任何原因引起的腎臟損害,會(huì)導(dǎo)致腎小管的尿酸排泄功能障礙,尿酸的排泄異常,加重高尿酸血癥,兩者形成惡性循環(huán),最終引起腎臟功能衰竭[8-9]。高尿酸血癥通過損傷腎臟血管的途徑加重腎臟損傷,高尿酸血癥早期引起血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的功能異常,激活腎素-血管緊張素系統(tǒng),引起腎小球動(dòng)脈硬化和血管周圍炎,降低血中尿酸的濃度,用血管緊張素拮抗劑等能夠改善腎臟血管病變,降低高尿酸性高血壓,高尿酸血癥引起腎臟損害的關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)是腎臟血管病變,干預(yù)腎臟血管病變,能夠預(yù)防腎臟損傷的發(fā)生發(fā)展[10]。
高尿酸血癥引起腎小動(dòng)脈損害的機(jī)制和氧化應(yīng)激增加等多種因素有關(guān),氧化應(yīng)激在多種疾病的發(fā)病機(jī)制中發(fā)揮主要作用,各種因素引起機(jī)體氧化還原平衡失調(diào)是始動(dòng)原因,參與氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞酶體主要有黃嘌呤氧化酶、NADPH氧化酶等。NADPH氧化酶催化的活性氧參與機(jī)體的多種生理過程[11],激活NADPH氧化酶能產(chǎn)生過多活性氧,介導(dǎo)氧化應(yīng)激引起機(jī)體損傷,尿酸引起血管內(nèi)皮損害和NADPH氧化酶引起的氧化應(yīng)激關(guān)系密切[12-13]。腎小管上皮細(xì)胞和腎血管的關(guān)系密切,腎血管收縮導(dǎo)致腎小管上皮細(xì)胞缺血壞死,分泌促纖維化因子和促炎癥因子,發(fā)生炎癥反應(yīng),加重腎臟缺血,尿酸經(jīng)腎小球?yàn)V過,經(jīng)腎小管上皮細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn),腎小管上皮細(xì)胞尿酸轉(zhuǎn)移障礙,引起血清中尿酸的排泄異常,導(dǎo)致血中尿酸水平升高,引起高尿酸血癥。為探討尿酸對(duì)腎小管上皮細(xì)胞的影響,本文體外培養(yǎng)腎小管上皮細(xì)胞,將其分為對(duì)照組和尿酸A組、B組和C組,觀察各組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)超氧陰離子生成量、NADPH酶蛋白水平和腎小管上皮細(xì)胞凋亡率。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):尿酸A組、尿酸B組和尿酸C組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)超氧陰離子生成量和NADPH酶蛋白水平高于對(duì)照組,且呈劑量依賴。尿酸A組、B組和C組腎小管上皮細(xì)胞凋亡率高于對(duì)照組,亦呈劑量依賴。表明尿酸干預(yù)能夠增加腎小管上皮細(xì)胞內(nèi)超氧陰離子生成量、NADPH酶蛋白水平和腎小管上皮細(xì)胞凋亡率,尿酸濃度越高,超氧陰離子生成量、NADPH酶蛋白水平和腎小管上皮細(xì)胞凋亡率越高。尿酸能夠使腎小管上皮細(xì)胞中NADPH酶蛋白水平增加,NADPH酶蛋白水平促進(jìn)超陰陽離子生成增加,發(fā)生氧化應(yīng)激,導(dǎo)致腎小管上皮細(xì)胞凋亡,尿酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)體數(shù)量變少,引起尿酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)障礙,引起高尿酸血癥,高尿酸血癥加重腎小管上皮細(xì)胞損害,增加腎小管上皮細(xì)胞的凋亡。
綜上所述,不同濃度尿酸對(duì)體外培養(yǎng)腎小管上皮細(xì)胞氧化應(yīng)激及凋亡有不同的影響,高濃度尿酸會(huì)加重腎小管上皮細(xì)胞的受損程度,加重腎小管上皮細(xì)胞的凋亡。
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Effects of different concentrations of uric acid on oxidative stress and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells invitro.
DING Hong,YANG Qi,LI Hui-min.Department of Nephrology,the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University,Shenyang 110032,Liaoning,CHINA
ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of different concentrations of uric acid on oxidative stress and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro.MethodsHuman proximal convoluted tubule epithelial cell lines (HKC-8)were divided into control group and uric acid group A,uric acid group B and uric acid group C,each of 15 cases,which were cultured with culture medium,0.1 mmol/L,0.4 mmol/L and 0.8 mmol/L uric acid for 24 hours.Lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence was used to detect superoxide anion levels in renal tubular epithelial cells,and ultraviolet spectrophotometry was used to measure NADPH levels.Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL)was applied to detect the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cell.ResultsThe superoxide anion and NADPH levels in renal tubular epithelial cells in uric acid group A,uric acid group B and uric acid group C were significantly higher than those in the control group,in a dose-dependent manner,P<0.05.The apoptosis rates of renal tubular epithelial cells in uric acid group A,uric acid group B,uric acid group C were(73.4±11.7)%, (322.6±23.2)%,(432.7±34.1)%,significantly higher than(16.9±1.2)%in the control group,P<0.05.ConclusionUric acid exerts effects on superoxide anion generation,NADPH levels and apoptosis rate in renal tubular epithelial cells, and the higher the uric acid concentration,the higher the superoxide anion generation,NADPH protein levels and the apoptosis rate.
Uric acid;Renal tubular epithelial cells;Superoxide anion;NADPH;Apoptosis
R334+.1
A
1003—6350(2017)02—0177—03
2016-07-08)
遼寧省科技廳科學(xué)技術(shù)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):2012225021)
丁紅。E-mail:dinghong1230123@sina.com