黃海濤 張華
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Cbl-b基因介導(dǎo)T細(xì)胞免疫殺傷小鼠LA795肺腺癌細(xì)胞的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究
黃海濤1張華2
目的 利用特異性小干擾RNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA)沉默T細(xì)胞Cbl-b基因表達(dá),觀察轉(zhuǎn)染T細(xì)胞對(duì)小鼠肺腺癌細(xì)胞LA795的體外免疫殺傷作用。方法 篩選高效特異性沉默Cbl-b基因的siRNA序列轉(zhuǎn)染T739小鼠脾臟T細(xì)胞,轉(zhuǎn)染72h后,利用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA)檢測(cè)IL-2、INF-γ等T細(xì)胞免疫因子分泌情況,比較單純T細(xì)胞、陰性對(duì)照T細(xì)胞及轉(zhuǎn)染T細(xì)胞與小鼠肺腺癌細(xì)胞LA795混合培養(yǎng)腫瘤殺傷率。結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)染72h后,轉(zhuǎn)染組細(xì)胞因子IL-2、INF-γ分泌水平較空轉(zhuǎn)組和空白組顯著增加。在體外實(shí)驗(yàn)中,與單純T細(xì)胞及陰性對(duì)照T細(xì)胞相比,轉(zhuǎn)染T細(xì)胞能更高效殺傷小鼠肺腺癌細(xì)胞LA795,最高殺瘤率達(dá)到58.38±3.82%。結(jié)論 利用特異性siRNA技術(shù)沉默Cbl-b基因能夠促進(jìn)小鼠T細(xì)胞因子IL-2和INF-γ分泌,增強(qiáng)T細(xì)胞對(duì)肺腺癌細(xì)胞LA795的體外免疫殺傷作用。
Cbl-b;基因沉默;T淋巴細(xì)胞;肺腺癌;免疫療法
肺癌是臨床上最常見惡性腫瘤,其發(fā)病率和死亡率均居男性惡性腫瘤首位,女性惡性腫瘤第二位[1]。肺腺癌屬于非小細(xì)胞癌,多數(shù)起源于支氣管黏膜上皮,晚期肺腺癌通過淋巴及血液等途徑全身多處轉(zhuǎn)移,多數(shù)已不適合手術(shù)切除,且放化療不能顯著提高肺癌總體生存期,耐藥現(xiàn)象普遍,難以得到持久緩解,患者遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后差[2]。與其他腫瘤類似,肺癌發(fā)生發(fā)展與機(jī)體免疫系統(tǒng)功能密切相關(guān),發(fā)病個(gè)體均存在有不同程度的抗腫瘤免疫缺陷。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),約30%-50%非小細(xì)胞肺癌表達(dá)黑色素瘤抗原MAGE-A3,肺癌組織內(nèi)細(xì)胞毒性T淋巴細(xì)胞對(duì)腫瘤組織的滲透活性明顯減弱,免疫抑制細(xì)胞活性增強(qiáng),腫瘤局部微環(huán)境處于免疫抑制狀態(tài)[3]。已有多種相關(guān)臨床試驗(yàn)表明,非小細(xì)胞肺癌患者給予CTLA-4單克隆抗體或黑色素瘤抗原MAGE-A3疫苗治療,可有效激活體內(nèi)T淋巴細(xì)胞抗腫瘤免疫,其總體生存期和無進(jìn)展生存期均優(yōu)于安慰劑組,且機(jī)體耐受良好[4-5]。Cbl-b蛋白是近年來發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種E3泛素鏈接酶,與T細(xì)胞活化和免疫耐受直接相關(guān),可負(fù)性調(diào)節(jié)T細(xì)胞活化信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路,誘導(dǎo)機(jī)體對(duì)腫瘤免疫耐受[6]。已有動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明,Cbl-b基因敲除小鼠能在缺失CD28協(xié)同刺激分子的情況下,直接活化T細(xì)胞,促進(jìn)細(xì)胞因子IL-2, IL-17和IFN-γ分泌,顯著增強(qiáng)機(jī)體抗腫瘤免疫活性[7-8]。國內(nèi)有學(xué)者實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,利用小干擾RNA技術(shù)沉默Cbl-b基因能顯著增強(qiáng)C57小鼠脾臟T淋巴細(xì)胞免疫活性[9],這為以Cbl-b為靶向進(jìn)一步免疫治療腫瘤提供了良好的思路。在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中,我們同樣利用小干擾RNA技術(shù)沉默Cbl-b基因表達(dá),體外觀察轉(zhuǎn)染并沉默Cbl-b基因后,T細(xì)胞對(duì)小鼠肺腺癌細(xì)胞LA795的免疫殺傷作用。
一、實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物與細(xì)胞
T739小鼠購于上海斯萊克實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物有限公司,SPF級(jí),4-6周齡,體重約15-20g。利用小鼠T細(xì)胞富集磁珠(BD Biosciences,USA)分離T739小鼠脾臟T細(xì)胞,T細(xì)胞純度能達(dá)到94.27%,培養(yǎng)基成分:90%1640培養(yǎng)基+10%胎牛血清+5μg/mL刀豆蛋白+1%雙抗。小鼠肺腺癌細(xì)胞LA795來源于T739近交系小鼠自發(fā)乳頭型肺腺癌,購于上海中國科學(xué)院細(xì)胞庫,培養(yǎng)基成分:90%1640培養(yǎng)基+10%胎牛血清+1%雙抗。
二、Cbl-b siRNA設(shè)計(jì)與合成
進(jìn)入pubmed檢索界面,查詢T739小鼠Cblb-mRNA序列,利用siRNA在線設(shè)計(jì)軟件(siRNA Target Finder)篩選針對(duì)Cbl-b基因的4條潛在siRNA靶序列,具體如下:siRNA-1(有義鏈) 5-ACGCAAGCUUCAGUUGAAAtt-3’,(模板鏈)5’-UUUCAACUGAAGCUUGCGUtt-3’;siRNA-2(有義鏈)5’-GCGAUAUUUAACCGGAUUAtt-3’,(模板鏈)5’-UAAUCCGGUUAAA UAUCGCtt-3’;siRNA-3(有義鏈)5’-GCAUAUCAUUGCCAUAAUAtt-3’,(模板鏈)5’-UAUUAUGGCAAUGAUAUGCtt-3’;siRNA-4(有義鏈)5’-AGAGAGGCCCUGAUAUUACtt-3’,(模板鏈)5’-GUAAUAUCAGGGCCUCUCUtt-3’。上述siRNA序列均由上海吉?jiǎng)P基因技術(shù)有限公司設(shè)計(jì)并合成。
三、siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染T淋巴細(xì)胞
原代T細(xì)胞接種于6孔板中,當(dāng)細(xì)胞融合度達(dá)到90%后,用PBS緩沖液清洗3遍,Opti-MEM培養(yǎng)基輕柔吹打并重懸,按照細(xì)胞密度為1-2×105個(gè)/mL接種于48孔板,每孔200μL。設(shè)置轉(zhuǎn)染組、空轉(zhuǎn)組、空白組共3組,其中轉(zhuǎn)染組將4條合成siRNA序列和LipofectamineTM 2000脂質(zhì)體分別溶于20μL opti-MEM培養(yǎng)基中,siRNA和LipofectamineTM 2000脂質(zhì)體含量分別為3μL和1μL,總體積終濃度為100nmoL/L,放置于室溫中10min。10min后,輕柔混勻,共同孵育25min,然后將轉(zhuǎn)染混合物加入48孔板T細(xì)胞懸液中,置于37℃條件下孵育6-8h,最后加入60μL胎牛血清繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)??辙D(zhuǎn)組中每孔則加入上述等體積LipofectamineTM 2000脂質(zhì)體和陰性對(duì)照siRNA序列,空白組則僅加入等量opti-MEM培養(yǎng)基,其余處理同轉(zhuǎn)染組。
四、Western blot檢測(cè)Cbl-b蛋白表達(dá)水平
依照上述方法轉(zhuǎn)染T細(xì)胞后繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)48h后收集細(xì)胞,1500rpm離心5min,予以生理鹽水清洗2遍,全蛋白提取試劑盒提取各分組T細(xì)胞總蛋白,lowry法測(cè)定總蛋白濃度,取蛋白樣品30-50μg對(duì)各分組Cbl-b蛋白表達(dá)量進(jìn)行檢測(cè)和對(duì)比,轉(zhuǎn)PVDF膜80V 60min后,TBST稀釋的5%BSA在37℃中封閉1h,加入兔抗小鼠單克隆Cbl-b抗體(1:800稀釋)4℃孵育過夜,加入HRP標(biāo)記羊抗兔單克隆二抗(l:1000稀釋)室溫孵育45min,定影顯色在ECL顯色系統(tǒng)中完成,觀察和分析雜交條帶。
五、ELISA檢測(cè)IL-2、INF-γ分泌變化
轉(zhuǎn)染72h后,收集上述各分組T細(xì)胞上清液,酶標(biāo)板中分別加入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品、稀釋液和待測(cè)樣品,每孔100μL,每組設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔。37℃培養(yǎng)箱中反應(yīng)2h,加入100μL生物素抗小鼠細(xì)胞因子IL-2、INF-γ抗體工作液,37℃溫度培養(yǎng)箱中避光孵育1h。加入親和素過氧化物酶復(fù)合物的ELISA工作液100μL,37℃避光孵育30min。每孔加入50μL TMB顯色液,37℃避光孵育30min,加入100μL終止液,450nm波長,酶標(biāo)儀測(cè)定各孔平均光密度值(OD值)。
六、腫瘤殺傷率測(cè)定
轉(zhuǎn)染T細(xì)胞24h后,將轉(zhuǎn)染組、空轉(zhuǎn)組、空白組T細(xì)胞分別與小鼠LA795肺腺癌細(xì)胞共培養(yǎng),效靶比分別設(shè)置為40:1、20:1、10:1,接種于96孔板,每組各設(shè)置3個(gè)復(fù)孔,體積各為100μL。另外,將單純T細(xì)胞和單純LA795肺腺癌細(xì)胞作為殺傷細(xì)胞組和目標(biāo)細(xì)胞組,每孔100μL。細(xì)胞共培養(yǎng)72h后,CCK-8試劑盒測(cè)定和統(tǒng)計(jì)分析各分組T細(xì)胞腫瘤殺傷率。腫瘤殺傷效率計(jì)算公式如下:
腫瘤細(xì)胞殺傷率(%)=((ODE+ODT)-ODE+T)/ODT×100%
ODE+t=殺傷細(xì)胞+目標(biāo)細(xì)胞孔OD值
ODE=單獨(dú)殺傷細(xì)胞的OD值
ODt=單獨(dú)目標(biāo)細(xì)胞的OD值
七、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
一、轉(zhuǎn)染T細(xì)胞Cbl-b蛋白表達(dá)
T細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染48h后,Western blot檢測(cè)各分組Cbl-b蛋白表達(dá)水平,4條siRNA序列對(duì)Cbl-b蛋白表達(dá)的抑制效率分別為81%、53%、27%、16%,而空轉(zhuǎn)組與空白組間無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,其中siRNA-1序列在蛋白水平抑制效率最高,達(dá)到81%,這表明設(shè)計(jì)合成的siRNA-1序列能在蛋白水平高效并特異性抑制LA795肺腺癌細(xì)胞Cbl-b表達(dá)(見圖1),可用于后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。
圖1 不同siRNA組Cbl-b蛋白表達(dá)
二、T細(xì)胞因子IL-2、INF-γ分泌水平
轉(zhuǎn)染T細(xì)胞72h后,利用ELISA法檢測(cè)各分組細(xì)胞上清液中細(xì)胞因子IL-2和INF-γ分泌水平,與空轉(zhuǎn)組和空白組相比,轉(zhuǎn)染組IL-2水平顯著升高(*P<0.001), 轉(zhuǎn)染組INF-γ水平有一定程度增加(**P=0.0014),上述差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(見圖2)。
三、沉默Cbl-b基因增強(qiáng)T細(xì)胞對(duì)LA795細(xì)胞免疫殺傷能力
轉(zhuǎn)染T細(xì)胞與LA795肺腺癌細(xì)胞共同培養(yǎng)72h后,轉(zhuǎn)染組T細(xì)胞殺瘤活性較空轉(zhuǎn)組及空白組T細(xì)胞增加,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(*P=0.033,**P=0.024,***P=0.025),值得注意的是,T細(xì)胞對(duì)LA795肺腺癌細(xì)胞殺傷率與細(xì)胞靶效比呈線性關(guān)系,即T細(xì)胞對(duì)LA795肺腺癌細(xì)胞殺傷率隨著靶效比升高而隨之增加,轉(zhuǎn)染組T細(xì)胞的腫瘤殺傷效率在效靶比為40:1時(shí)達(dá)到最高,為58.38±3.82%(見圖3)。
圖2 轉(zhuǎn)染48h細(xì)胞因子分泌變化
圖3 共同培養(yǎng)72h后測(cè)定腫瘤殺傷效率(%)
機(jī)體免疫功能低下與腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān),通過活化免疫細(xì)胞或免疫系統(tǒng)來抗腫瘤免疫治療,一方面能刺激T細(xì)胞增殖活化殺滅腫瘤細(xì)胞,另一方面能促進(jìn)機(jī)體產(chǎn)生對(duì)腫瘤細(xì)胞的免疫記憶和免疫監(jiān)視能力,從而防止腫瘤復(fù)發(fā)[10]。肺癌病理機(jī)制與機(jī)體免疫密切相關(guān),已有研究表明肺癌細(xì)胞表面I類人白細(xì)胞抗原(HLA-I)的表達(dá)降低或者缺失,致其不能被樹突狀細(xì)胞有效識(shí)別[11]。另外,肺癌細(xì)胞能主動(dòng)分泌TGF-β、PGE2、IL-10、COX-2及Toll樣受體等免疫抑制因子誘導(dǎo)機(jī)體免疫耐受[12]。T細(xì)胞通過介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞免疫直接殺傷腫瘤細(xì)胞,在機(jī)體抗腫瘤免疫過程中扮演關(guān)鍵作用[13],而Cbl-b蛋白在T細(xì)胞活化和增殖過程中均起著重要的負(fù)性調(diào)節(jié)作用。研究表明Cbl-b基因敲除的 CD+4和CD+8T淋巴細(xì)胞均能在相當(dāng)程度上抵消CD+4CD+25調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞和TGF-β介導(dǎo)的免疫抑制作用[14-15]。因此,Cbl-b蛋白的免疫負(fù)性調(diào)控作用為免疫激活T細(xì)胞治療晚期肺腺癌提供了可能。
在本實(shí)驗(yàn)中,我們首先在各分組中加入CD3單克隆抗體,后者能特異地識(shí)別T細(xì)胞表面TCR/CD3復(fù)合體,刺激活化T細(xì)胞第一信號(hào),而小干擾RNA沉默Cbl-b基因表達(dá)后發(fā)現(xiàn)T淋巴細(xì)胞的活化無須共刺激分子輔助,轉(zhuǎn)染組T細(xì)胞因子分泌水平顯著增加。細(xì)胞因子是由機(jī)體免疫細(xì)胞分泌的一種能調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞功能的小分子多肽,能激活人體抗腫瘤免疫功能,進(jìn)而參與殺滅和控制腫瘤細(xì)胞。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,轉(zhuǎn)染T細(xì)胞72h后,細(xì)胞上清液中細(xì)胞因子IL-2和INF-γ分泌水平較空轉(zhuǎn)組和空白組均顯著升高,這表明沉默Cbl-b基因表達(dá)能促進(jìn)T細(xì)胞活化。在體外免疫殺傷實(shí)驗(yàn)中,我們觀察到siRNA沉默Cbl-b基因能增強(qiáng)T細(xì)胞對(duì)于肺腺癌細(xì)胞LA795的免疫殺傷作用,且殺傷力與靶效比存在正相關(guān)?;罨腡細(xì)胞能識(shí)別腫瘤細(xì)胞表面腫瘤抗原肽,并通過死亡受體FasL/Fas介導(dǎo)腫瘤細(xì)胞凋亡、顆粒酶/穿孔素殺傷等多種途徑清除腫瘤細(xì)胞。轉(zhuǎn)染T細(xì)胞與靶細(xì)胞LA795肺腺癌細(xì)胞混合培養(yǎng)72h,在10:1、20:1、40:1的不同靶效比水平,轉(zhuǎn)染組T細(xì)胞腫瘤殺傷率均比空轉(zhuǎn)組和空白組T細(xì)胞高。當(dāng)效靶比為40:1時(shí),殺傷力最強(qiáng),達(dá)到58.38±3.82%,這表明通過特異性小干擾RNA技術(shù)沉默T細(xì)胞Cbl-b基因表達(dá)以增強(qiáng)其對(duì)于肺腺癌細(xì)胞LA795的細(xì)胞殺傷作用是可以實(shí)現(xiàn)的,但是這種體外實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果需要在動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)中予以進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。
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The experimental research about immunity killing of Cbl-b gene mediated T lymphocyte against Mouse LA795 lung neoplasms cells
HUANGHai-tao,ZHANGHua
DepartmentofRespiratoryMedicine,theFifthPeople'sHospitalofChengdu,Chengdu,Sichuan611130,China
Objective To investigate the cytotoxicity activity of transfected T lymphocytes against LA795 lung neoplasms cells in vitro by utilizing specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) to silence the expression of casitas B cell lymphoma-b(Cbl-b) gene of T-Lymphocytes. Methods T lymphocytes were transfected by specific siRNA to silence the expression of casitas B cell lymphoma-b (Cbl-b) gene. 72 hours after transfection, the secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ were measured by ELISA. In the end, the cytotoxicity activity changes against LA795 lung neoplasms cells were compared among transfected T lymphocytes, negative control and blank control in vitro. Results 72 hours after transfection, compared with the other groups, T lymphocytes transfected with siRNA showed higher secretion level of IL-2 and IFN-γ (P<0.05). Transfected T lymphocyte also showed more efficient killing ability against LA795 lung neoplasms cells than negative control and blank control in vitro. The highest killing rate reached 58.38±3.82%. Conclusion Silencing Cbl-b can significantly promote the secretion level of IL-2 and IFN-γ of mice T lymphocyte, and enhance the cytotoxicity activity of T lymphocyte against LA795 lung neoplasms cellsinvitro.
Cbl-b; gene silencing; T-Lymphocytes; lung neoplasms; adoptive immunotherapy
10.3969/j.issn.1009-6663.2017.03.043
611130 四川 成都,成都市第五人民醫(yī)院1.呼吸內(nèi)科、2.消化內(nèi)科
2016-06-22]