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氟哌噻噸美利曲辛聯(lián)合小劑量阿米替林治療伴焦慮抑郁障礙的慢性每日頭痛

2017-02-09 02:09藍(lán)曉芳李陳渝
關(guān)鍵詞:氟哌噻曲辛美利

藍(lán)曉芳,唐 軍,陳 倩,李陳渝

(重慶市中醫(yī)院 腦病科,重慶 400021)

氟哌噻噸美利曲辛聯(lián)合小劑量阿米替林治療伴焦慮抑郁障礙的慢性每日頭痛

藍(lán)曉芳,唐 軍,陳 倩,李陳渝

(重慶市中醫(yī)院 腦病科,重慶 400021)

旨在觀察氟哌噻噸美利曲辛聯(lián)合小劑量阿米替林治療伴焦慮抑郁障礙的慢性每日頭痛患者的療效。 收集重慶市中醫(yī)院腦病科門診65例符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的患者,并隨機(jī)分組,對(duì)照組采用小劑量阿米替林(25 mg/晚)預(yù)防頭痛,實(shí)驗(yàn)組加用氟哌噻噸美利曲辛片(早中各1片)治療,療程3月。評(píng)估焦慮抑郁改善情況,觀察頭痛程度及次數(shù)改善程度。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):兩組患者在治療1個(gè)月及3個(gè)月HAMD及HAMA改善例數(shù)差異明顯(P<0.05),實(shí)驗(yàn)組較對(duì)照組評(píng)分改善例數(shù)明顯增多;治療1個(gè)月兩組頭痛發(fā)作程度及次數(shù)改善例數(shù)差別無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),治療3個(gè)月實(shí)驗(yàn)組頭痛發(fā)作程度及次數(shù)改善例數(shù)較對(duì)照組明顯增多(P<0.05)。由此可見: 對(duì)伴有焦慮抑郁障礙的慢性每日頭痛患者,小劑量阿米替林聯(lián)合氟哌噻噸美利曲辛治療對(duì)改善焦慮抑郁評(píng)分及頭痛發(fā)作程度和次數(shù)是有效的。

慢性每日頭痛;氟哌噻噸美利曲辛;焦慮;抑郁;阿米替林

頭痛是神經(jīng)內(nèi)科門診常見的癥狀之一,而多種原發(fā)性頭痛經(jīng)數(shù)年后可慢性化,成為慢性每日頭痛(chronic daily headache,CDH)[1]。慢性每日頭痛是指至少連續(xù)3個(gè)月每月發(fā)作頭痛次數(shù)大于15次,且每次至少持續(xù)4 h的頭痛[2]。頭痛的慢性化嚴(yán)重影響患者的生活質(zhì)量。已證實(shí)慢性頭痛較間斷頭痛更易引起焦慮抑郁等情緒障礙[3],因此在治療慢性每日頭痛時(shí)同時(shí)針對(duì)情緒障礙進(jìn)行治療,可能對(duì)慢性每日頭痛有一定改善。本研究在對(duì)伴焦慮抑郁障礙的慢性每日頭痛進(jìn)行改善治療的同時(shí),加用抗抑郁藥物治療,觀察慢性每日頭痛患者在改善焦慮抑郁癥狀后頭痛是否有所改善。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

收集2013年5月至2014年6月到重慶市中醫(yī)院腦病科門診就診的慢性每日頭痛患者,符合國(guó)際頭痛學(xué)會(huì)頭痛分類委員會(huì)制定的慢性每日頭痛診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),年齡在20~50歲,病程在2~20年,每例患者進(jìn)行頭顱影像學(xué)檢查排除顱內(nèi)占位等腦內(nèi)器質(zhì)性疾病導(dǎo)致的頭痛,且排除高血壓病、糖尿病、肝腎功能損傷等全身性疾病。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),所有患者均簽署知情同意書。

對(duì)每例慢性頭痛患者進(jìn)行焦慮抑郁評(píng)分,要求漢密爾頓抑郁量表(HAMD,24項(xiàng)表)評(píng)分>20分或漢密爾頓焦慮量表( HAMA,14項(xiàng)表)評(píng)分>14分。對(duì)符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的65例患者進(jìn)行完全隨機(jī)分組,分為對(duì)照組及實(shí)驗(yàn)組,其中對(duì)照組32例,實(shí)驗(yàn)組33例。對(duì)照組女20例,男12例,平均年齡(37.65±8.79)歲,HAMD平均評(píng)分為(28.17±4.94)分,HAMD平均評(píng)分為(18.89±2.70)分;實(shí)驗(yàn)組女22例,男11例,平均年齡(38.94±8.88)歲,HAMD平均評(píng)分為(28.63±3.83)分,HAMD平均評(píng)分為(19.47±2.90)分。兩組患者在性別、年齡、病程、頭痛類型所占比例、頭痛嚴(yán)重程度比例、頭痛發(fā)作頻率、HAMD及HAMA評(píng)分等方面進(jìn)行比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

1.2 方法

對(duì)照組患者僅針對(duì)頭痛進(jìn)行治療,采用小劑量阿米替林25 mg,每晚1次,并在急性發(fā)作期頭痛嚴(yán)重時(shí)酌情使用止痛藥。實(shí)驗(yàn)組在阿米替林治療的基礎(chǔ)上,加用氟哌噻噸美利曲辛片,早中各1片,療程3個(gè)月,并要求患者記錄頭痛發(fā)作次數(shù)、程度等信息。用藥期間注意藥物不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況,并于1個(gè)月、3個(gè)月重新評(píng)估頭痛發(fā)作、HAMD及HAMA評(píng)分。評(píng)分人員不了解分組情況。

1.3 觀察療效

HAMD及HAMA評(píng)分減分率≥50%為有效,減分率=(治療前評(píng)分-治療后評(píng)分)/治療前評(píng)分 × 100%。頭痛程度由中度或重度減輕至輕度或無頭痛為有效,程度無變化為無效。頭痛減少次數(shù)大于每月10次為有效。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

2 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果

2.1 兩組在治療前后HAMD及HAMA評(píng)分療效比較

兩組在治療1個(gè)月及3個(gè)月HAMD及HAMA評(píng)分改善例數(shù)差異明顯,實(shí)驗(yàn)組較對(duì)照組評(píng)分改善例數(shù)明顯增多。比較結(jié)果見表1、2。

表1 兩組在治療1個(gè)月HAMD及HAMA 評(píng)分療效比較Table 1 Comparison of HAMD and HAMA between the two groups atfer one-month treatment

χ2=10.054,P=0.002,P<0.05,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

表2 兩組在治療3個(gè)月HAMD及HAMA 評(píng)分療效比較Table 2 Comparison of HAMD and HAMA between the two groups atfer three-month treatment

χ2=25.924,P=0.000,P<0.05,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2.2 兩組在治療前后頭痛發(fā)作程度療效比較

治療1個(gè)月兩組頭痛發(fā)作程度改善例數(shù)有差別,實(shí)驗(yàn)組較對(duì)照組稍高,但差別無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。治療3個(gè)月實(shí)驗(yàn)組頭痛發(fā)作程度改善例數(shù)較對(duì)照組明顯增多。比較結(jié)果見表3、4。

表3 兩組在治療1個(gè)月頭痛發(fā)作程度療效比較Table 3 Comparison of the degree of headache between the two groups atfer one-month treatment

χ2=0.754,P=0.385,P>0.05,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

表4 兩組在治療3個(gè)月頭痛發(fā)作程度療效比較Table 4 Comparison of the degree of headache between the two groups atfer three-month treatment

χ2=6.116,P=0.013,P<0.05,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2.3 兩組在治療前后頭痛發(fā)作次數(shù)療效比較

治療1個(gè)月兩組頭痛發(fā)作次數(shù)改善例數(shù)差別無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義.治療3個(gè)月實(shí)驗(yàn)組頭痛發(fā)作次數(shù)改善例數(shù)較對(duì)照組明顯增多,實(shí)驗(yàn)組有效率達(dá)75.8%,比較結(jié)果見表5、6。

表5 兩組在治療1個(gè)月頭痛發(fā)作次數(shù)療效比較Table 5 Comparison of the frequency of headache between the two groups atfer one-month treatment

χ2=0.504,P=0.478,P>0.05,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

表6 兩組在治療3個(gè)月頭痛發(fā)作次數(shù)療效比較Table 5 Comparison of the frequency of headache between the two groups atfer three-month treatment

χ2=5.726,P=0.017,P<0.05,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

3 討論

按國(guó)際頭痛分類,慢性每日頭痛分為慢性偏頭痛、慢性緊張型頭痛、持續(xù)性偏側(cè)頭痛及每日持續(xù)性頭痛等,其中慢性偏頭痛、慢性緊張型頭痛為最常見類型[4]。因慢性每日頭痛的長(zhǎng)期反復(fù)發(fā)作,易導(dǎo)致患者情緒障礙,常見為焦慮抑郁[3],有觀察研究指出慢性每日頭痛更容易出現(xiàn)焦慮抑郁共病[5-6],而焦慮抑郁也影響慢性頭痛患者的生活質(zhì)量,并加重其負(fù)擔(dān)[7]。另外,焦慮抑郁障礙本身可引起頭痛,故可能加重慢性頭痛,兩者相互作用,導(dǎo)致頭痛遷延不愈,嚴(yán)重影響患者生活質(zhì)量。

阿米替林是臨床上較常用于慢性每日頭痛的藥物之一[8]。大劑量的阿米替林能治療焦慮抑郁障礙,但限于其副作用,目前很少用于抗焦慮抑郁,多采用其小劑量改善慢性頭痛。氟哌噻噸美利曲辛片是由氟哌噻噸和美利曲辛兩種有效化合物組成的抗焦慮抑郁藥物,不良反應(yīng)少,特別是對(duì)于非老年患者。已有研究采用氟哌噻噸美利曲辛片治療伴有情緒障礙的頭痛患者,并得出加用氟哌噻噸美利曲辛可提高頭痛治療的有效率。但關(guān)于阿米替林聯(lián)合氟哌噻噸美利曲辛治療慢性頭痛伴焦慮抑郁的研究比較少見。本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用小劑量阿米替林預(yù)防慢性每日頭痛,對(duì)改善頭痛及焦慮抑郁障礙作用有限。加用氟哌噻噸美利曲辛后頭痛及情緒障礙均有明顯改善,且未觀察到藥物嚴(yán)重不良反應(yīng)。因此,可以認(rèn)為氟哌噻噸美利曲辛加用小劑量阿米替林治療伴情緒障礙的慢性每日頭痛是有效的。

另外,本實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察到,隨著HAMD及HAMA評(píng)分的明顯改善,慢性每日頭痛的發(fā)作頻率減少,頭痛程度減輕,可見焦慮抑郁情緒的改善在慢性每日頭痛的治療中起重要作用。O’Brien H L等[9]指出:對(duì)存在精神心理異常的慢性頭痛患者,針對(duì)其心理的治療可能改善頭痛治療效果。Martin P R等[10]通過認(rèn)知行為干預(yù)合并抑郁癥的偏頭痛和緊張型頭痛患者,發(fā)現(xiàn)患者情緒改善、頭痛減少。所以,在臨床工作中,對(duì)伴焦慮抑郁障礙的頭痛患者有必要進(jìn)行抗焦慮抑郁治療。

本實(shí)驗(yàn)局限性在于觀察時(shí)間較短,對(duì)于之后的治療及頭痛的改善未進(jìn)行隨訪,因此可在以后的研究中延長(zhǎng)觀察期。另外,抗抑郁藥物種類繁多,除了氟哌噻噸美利曲辛外還有SSRI、三環(huán)類等。本實(shí)驗(yàn)僅使用了氟哌噻噸美利曲辛,在以后的臨床研究中,還可使用其他抗抑郁藥物進(jìn)行觀察。

4 結(jié)束語(yǔ)

慢性每日頭痛是臨床工作中的一種常見病,可由多種頭痛類型慢性化形成。焦慮抑郁情緒在慢性每日頭痛患者中較常見,它與頭痛相互作用,延長(zhǎng)病程,影響頭痛治療效果。本研究得出:抗焦慮抑郁治療能改善該類患者的頭痛癥狀,為臨床用藥提供了參考。

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[2] SILBERSTEIN S D,LIPTON R B.Chronic daily headache[J].Curr Opin Neurol,2000,13:277-283.

[3] ZAMPIERI M A,TOGNOLA W A,GALEGO J C.Patients with chronic headache tend to have more psychological symptoms than those with sporadic episodes of pain[J].Arq Neuropsiquiatr,2014,72(8):598-602.

[4] YANCEY J R,SHERIDAN R,KOREN K G.Chronic daily headache:diagnosis and management[J].Am Fam Physician,2014 (8):642-648.

[5] 王璐,謝敬耽,邸海,等.頭痛專病門診患者抑郁焦慮患病特點(diǎn)分析[J].中國(guó)疼痛醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2015,21(8):587-590.

WANG Lu,XIE Jingdan,DI Hai,et al.Clinical Features of Depression and Anxiety of Patients From a Headache Clinic[J].Chinese Journal of Pain Medicine,2015,21(87):587-590.

[6] 烏欣蔚,楊曉蘇.慢性每日頭痛的研究進(jìn)展[J].中國(guó)全科醫(yī)學(xué),2014,17(34):4133-4136.

WU Xinwei,YANG Xiaosu.Research Progress on Chronic Dally Headache[J].Chinese General Practice,2014,17(34):4133-4136.

[7] ZEBENHOLZER K,LECHNER A,BROESSNER G,et al.Impact of depression and anxiety on burden and management of episodic and chronic headaches-a cross-sectional multicentre study in eight Austrian headache centres[J].J Headache Pain,2016,17:15.

[8] VARGAS B B,DODICK D W.The face of chronic migraine:epidemiology,demographics,and treatment strategies[J].Neurol Clin,2009,27(2):467-479.

[9] O’BRIEN H L,SLATER S K.Comorbid Psychological Conditions in Pediatric Headache[J].Semin Pediatr Neurol.2016,23(1):68-70.

[10]MARTIN P R,AIELLO R,GILSON K,et al.Cognitive behavior therapy for comorbid migraine and/or tension-type headache and major depressive disorder:An exploratory randomized controlled trial[J].Behaviour Research and Therapy,2015,73:8-18.

(責(zé)任編輯 劉 舸)

The Combination of Flupentixol-Melitracen and Small Dose Amitriptyline in the Treatment of Chronic Daily Headache with Anxiety and Depression

LAN Xiao-fang,TANG Jun,CHEN Qian,LI Chen-yu

(Department of Encephalopathy, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Chongqing 400021, China)

To observe the efficacy of flupentixol-melitracen combined with small dose amitriptyline in treating of chronic daily headache(CDH) with anxiety and depression. 65 CDH patients accorded with the inclusive criteria were randomly divided into two groups. The control group was treated only by amitriptyline with small dose to prevent the headache, while the experimental group was treated additionally by flupentixol and melitracen tablets for three months. The situation of anxiety and depression, and the degree and frequency of headache were assessed. The situation of anxiety-depression assessed by HAMD and HAMA showed that there are statistically significant differences between the two groups after one-month and three-month treatment (P<0.05), and that the improvement in experimental group was more significant than the control group. The degree and frequency of headache in the two groups showed no statistically significant difference after one-month treatment (P>0.05). However, the degree and frequency of headache in the experimental group were more significant compared with the control group after three-month treatments (P<0.05). The combination of flupentixol-melitracen and small dose amitriptyline is effective in improving the situation of anxiety and depression, as well as the degree and requency of headache for CDH patients with anxiety and depression.

chronic daily headache; flupentixol-melitracen; anxiety; depression; amitriptyline

2016-10-18

藍(lán)曉芳(1986—),女,重慶人,碩士研究生,住院醫(yī)師,主要從事腦血管病研究,E-mail:564654315@qq.com; 通訊作者 李陳渝,女,博士,副主任醫(yī)師,碩士生導(dǎo)師,主要從事睡眠及心理障礙研究。

藍(lán)曉芳,唐軍,陳倩,等.氟哌噻噸美利曲辛聯(lián)合小劑量阿米替林治療伴焦慮抑郁障礙的慢性每日頭痛[J].重慶理工大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)),2017(1):75-78.

format:LAN Xiao-fang,TANG Jun,CHEN Qian,et al.The Combination of Flupentixol-Melitracen and Small Dose Amitriptyline in the Treatment of Chronic Daily Headache with Anxiety and Depression[J].Journal of Chongqing University of Technology(Natural Science),2017(1):75-78.

10.3969/j.issn.1674-8425(z).2017.01.012

R743.3

A

1674-8425(2017)01-0075-04

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