姚旋 虞偉 章瓊
[摘 要] 目的:檢測胚胎停育患者血清及組織中白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)表達(dá)水平,探討IL-6對胚胎停育的影響。方法:將我院2014年5月~2016年5月收治的74例胚胎停育患者納入胚胎停育組,并選取同期50名正常早孕女性、50名健康未孕女性,分別納入早孕組、健康組,檢測各組受試者血清IL-6水平及絨毛、蛻膜組織IL-6表達(dá)水平。結(jié)果:胚胎停育組與早孕組年齡、停經(jīng)時間、孕次、孕囊直徑比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。胚胎停育組血清IL-6水平低于早孕組、健康組,早孕組血清IL-6水平高于健康組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);胚胎停育組絨毛組織、蛻膜組織IL-6表達(dá)水平均低于早孕組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:胚胎停育患者血清及組織中IL-6表達(dá)水平顯著下降,這可能是造成其早期胚胎停止發(fā)育原因之一。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 胚胎停育;血清;絨毛組織;蛻膜組織;白細(xì)胞介素-6
中圖分類號:R446 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:B 文章編號:2095-5200(2016)06-035-03
DOI:10.11876/mimt201606013
Expression of IL-6 in serum and tissues of patients with diapause-destined embryo YAO Xuan1.2,YU Wei1,ZHANG Qiong3. (1. Department of laboratory,Jinling Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Nanjing University,Nanjing 210002 China;2.Department of laboratory,Jiangsu Zhongshan Ganbu LiaoyangYuan,Zhongshan 210014 China;3. Department of gynaecology and obstetrics,Jinling Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002 China)
[Abstract] Objective: This study was conducted to detect the expression of interleukin -6 (IL-6) in serum and tissues of patients with embryonic loss and to discuss the effect of IL-6 on the stop of embryo development. Methods: 74 cases of embryonic loss admitted to our hospital from May 2014 to May 2016 were included in the diapause-destined embryo group, and 50 normal pregnant women and 50 healthy non-pregnant women were selected into the early pregnancy group and the healthy group, respectively, the subjects of all three groups were detected the IL-6 expression levels in serum, villi and decidua tissues. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in age, duration of menopause, times of pregnancy, gestational sac diameter between embryo group and early pregnancy group. Serum IL-6 Level in diapause-destined embryo group was lower than in early pregnancy group and healthy group, and that in pregnancy group was higher than in healthy group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); IL-6 levels of villi and decidua tissues in diapause-destined embryo group were both lower than in normal pregnancy group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions: The level of IL-6 in serum and tissues of the embryo is significantly decreased, which may be one of the reasons for the early diapause of embryo development.
[Key words] embryo abortion; serum; chorionic villi; decidual tissues; interleukin-6
胚胎停育是一種常見的早期病理妊娠,B超檢查可發(fā)現(xiàn)孕囊內(nèi)胚芽或胎兒形態(tài)不規(guī)則、有胚芽無心管搏動或枯萎卵[1]。近年來胚胎停育發(fā)生率不斷上升,不僅對女性身心健康造成了負(fù)面影響,還可導(dǎo)致社會負(fù)擔(dān)增加,明確其發(fā)病機制與影響因素對臨床工作具有很大價值[2]。過往研究發(fā)現(xiàn),白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)對促進早期滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞生長浸潤、胚泡著床及胎盤形成具有重要意義,但目前關(guān)于IL-6對胚胎停育影響的研究較為缺乏[3]。為此,本研究就胚胎停育患者血清及絨毛組織中IL-6表達(dá)進行了檢測。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取我院2014年5月—2016年5月收治的74例胚胎停育患者,均參照文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確診[4],納入胚胎停育組,并選取同期50名正常早孕女性、50名健康未孕女性,分別納入早孕組、健康組,其中早孕組女性均可見胚胎原始心管搏動、既往無不良孕產(chǎn)史且自愿要求終止妊娠,胚胎停育組、早孕組均排除停經(jīng)>12周、合并嚴(yán)重內(nèi)科疾病、感染性疾病及生殖道器官疾病者。胚胎停育組年齡21~34歲,平均(25.26±3.57)歲,早孕組年齡22~32歲,平均(25.68±3.26)歲,健康組年齡20~34歲,平均(25.50±3.37)歲。三組受試者年齡比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本臨床研究經(jīng)我院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會批準(zhǔn),受試者均知情同意并簽署知情同意書。
1.2 檢測方法
采集三組受試者入組次日空腹肘靜脈血3 mL,3000 r/min離心25 min,置于-80℃冰箱中,統(tǒng)一檢測其血清IL-6水平,檢測方法為酶聯(lián)免疫吸附(ELISA)法,試劑盒購自上海恒遠(yuǎn)生物科技有限公司。采集胚胎停育組、早孕組受試者新鮮離體絨毛及蛻膜組織各2~5 g,使用生理鹽水清洗,使用免疫組織化學(xué)(SP)法,按照試劑盒說明書操作步驟進行,陽性表達(dá)定義為滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞內(nèi)胞膜或胞質(zhì)呈棕黃色或黃褐色[5-6],以5個×400視野陽性區(qū)平均灰度值表示IL-6陽性水平。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析
對本臨床研究的所有數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS18.0進行分析,計數(shù)資料以(n/%)表示,并采用χ2檢驗,計量資料以(x±s)表示,滿足方差齊性則采用獨立樣本t檢驗,若方差不齊,則采用校正t檢驗,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 胚胎停育組與早孕組臨床資料比較
胚胎停育組與早孕組年齡、停經(jīng)時間、孕次、孕囊直徑比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表1。
2.2 血清IL-6水平比較
胚胎停育組血清IL-6水平低于早孕組、健康組,早孕組血清IL-6水平高于健康組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 胚胎停育組與早孕組組織IL-6 mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)
比較
胚胎停育組絨毛組織、蛻膜組織IL-6 mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)水平均低于早孕組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表3。
3 討論
胚胎停育是指早期胚胎發(fā)育自然終止、胚胎丟失的病理過程,患者妊娠結(jié)局多為稽留流產(chǎn)或不全流產(chǎn)[7]。作為一種常見的病理性妊娠,胚胎停育的發(fā)病機制與遺傳、解剖、內(nèi)分泌、感染、環(huán)境等多種因素有關(guān),近年來亦有學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn),IL-6在妊娠及女性生殖內(nèi)分泌、胚泡著床與胚胎生長發(fā)育等環(huán)節(jié)扮演了重要角色[8-9],本研究結(jié)果表明,胚胎停育患者血清IL-6水平,絨毛組織及蛻膜組織IL-6表達(dá)水平明顯低于早孕組,且早孕組血清IL-6水平高于健康組,說明妊娠早期IL-6分泌水平呈上升狀態(tài),而IL-6水平的降低可誘發(fā)胚胎停育,其作用機制可能為:1)妊娠被認(rèn)為是一種特殊的同種移植、Th2現(xiàn)象,母-胎界面存在復(fù)雜的免疫應(yīng)答與調(diào)節(jié),若Th1/Th2可達(dá)到平衡,則母體對胚胎產(chǎn)生免疫耐受,從而避免母體免疫系統(tǒng)對胚胎的排斥[10-11],保證妊娠進程的延續(xù)。此時IL-6可直接調(diào)節(jié)胚泡穿過上皮基底層,并刺激子宮內(nèi)膜、軟骨硫酸多糖蛋白合成與分泌,故妊娠早期IL-6水平的上升對保證胚泡生長與成功著床具有重要意義[12]。2)IL-6主要由Th2分泌,其表達(dá)水平的降低表明Th1/Th2平衡向Th1偏移,此時母體免疫系統(tǒng)對胚胎的排斥作用逐漸增強,是造成胚胎停育的重要原因之一[13];此外,趙嵐嵐等[14]指出,IL-6表達(dá)水平的下降往往伴隨著胚泡著床、胎盤絨毛血管生成能力的減弱,繼而造成滋養(yǎng)層細(xì)胞退化甚至壞死,最終導(dǎo)致胚胎停育甚至流產(chǎn)。
但是,由于IL-6水平受機體感染、應(yīng)激、內(nèi)分泌水平等多種因素影響明顯,故多數(shù)學(xué)者對IL-6預(yù)測胚胎停育的價值存在爭議[15-16]。Adhikari等[17]發(fā)現(xiàn),正常妊娠狀態(tài)下,IL-6可調(diào)節(jié)胎盤人絨毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)合成,并與轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子β(TGF-β)一同作用,上調(diào)不對稱封閉抗體水平,降低父方抗原受母體免疫排斥的影響,而復(fù)發(fā)性自然流產(chǎn)患者血清IL-6水平大幅降低,可導(dǎo)致其細(xì)胞免疫激活,子宮局部免疫調(diào)節(jié)失常,不利于妊娠進程的良性發(fā)展。Zhao等[18]指出,IL-6下降多由感染侵犯宮腔所致細(xì)胞完整性下降、細(xì)胞通透性增加所致,提示胚胎停育患者血清及組織中IL-6表達(dá)可能存在先升高后下降的波動變化過程,關(guān)于IL-6水平動態(tài)變化的觀察,有待日后進一步研究予以補充。
綜上所述,作為一種多效性細(xì)胞因子,IL-6在維持胚胎正常發(fā)育過程中扮演了重要角色,因此,明確其表達(dá)水平降低的相關(guān)機制有望為胚胎停育的防治提供新的思路,值得進一步研究。
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