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Nfkbiz編碼IκBζ蛋白在疾病中的調(diào)控作用研究進(jìn)展

2017-01-12 20:05金發(fā)光第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院呼吸內(nèi)科陜西西安710038
關(guān)鍵詞:腫瘤性編碼調(diào)控

劉 偉,顧 興,金發(fā)光 (第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院呼吸內(nèi)科,陜西西安710038)

·專家述評·

Nfkbiz編碼IκBζ蛋白在疾病中的調(diào)控作用研究進(jìn)展

劉 偉,顧 興,金發(fā)光 (第四軍醫(yī)大學(xué)第二附屬醫(yī)院呼吸內(nèi)科,陜西西安710038)

IκBζ蛋白由Nfkbiz基因編碼,是細(xì)胞核蛋白的一種,屬于IκB家族,對轉(zhuǎn)錄因子NF?κB進(jìn)行調(diào)控.近年來越來越多的研究關(guān)注IκBζ在炎癥、腫瘤及其他疾病中的調(diào)控作用.本文將針對IκBζ蛋白在各類疾病發(fā)展過程中的調(diào)控作用進(jìn)行綜述.

IκBζ;Nfkbiz;NF?κB

0 引言

NF?κB是重要的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,廣泛存在于細(xì)胞中,在呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病、心血管疾病、感染性疾病以及腫瘤性疾病的發(fā)病過程中都起到重要的作用[1].經(jīng)典的IκB家族蛋白存在于細(xì)胞漿中,能與未活化的NF?κB結(jié)合形成NF?κB/IκB復(fù)合物,并促進(jìn)其降解,抑制NF?κB活性的一類蛋白.經(jīng)典的IκB家族的成員包括IκBα,IκBβ,IκBε,以及NF?κB前體蛋白p100和p105.而還有一類非典型的IκB蛋白包括Bcl?3、IκBNS和IκBζ,屬細(xì)胞核IκB蛋白[2].

IκBζ蛋白,分子量78 kDa,由Nfkbiz基因編碼,是IκB家族中最晚發(fā)現(xiàn)的成員.最早IκBζ是在LPS刺激的巨噬細(xì)胞核內(nèi)發(fā)現(xiàn),其具有負(fù)調(diào)節(jié)NF?κB活性的作用,而在細(xì)胞漿中未測到該蛋白,且該蛋白具有IκB家族共同的含30~33個氨基酸殘基的錨蛋白重復(fù)序列區(qū)[3].經(jīng)典的IκB家族IκBα,IκBβ在各類疾病特別是炎癥性疾病中研究較多,而非典型的IκB研究較少,但是近年來關(guān)于IκBζ的研究越來越多,本文將對IκBζ在疾病中的調(diào)控作用進(jìn)行綜述.

1 IκBζ在炎癥性疾病中的調(diào)控作用

2001年Yamazaki等[2]利用巨噬細(xì)胞系研究發(fā)現(xiàn)IκBζ是定位于細(xì)胞核內(nèi)能夠負(fù)性調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子NF?κB活性的蛋白,且IκBζ能夠被極低劑量的脂多糖(LPS)及白細(xì)胞介素?1β(IL?1β)激活,從而抑制NF?κB活性,其負(fù)調(diào)控作用能夠持續(xù)至少48 h.但是腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF?α)卻不能夠激活I(lǐng)κBζ表達(dá)[4].同樣在人肺泡上皮細(xì)胞系(A549細(xì)胞)中同樣發(fā)現(xiàn)IL?1β對IκBζ的激活調(diào)控作用[5].研究發(fā)現(xiàn)IκBζ對NF?κB的活性負(fù)調(diào)控是通過與NF?κB的亞單位p65結(jié)合來抑制細(xì)胞核中基因表達(dá)[6].而且IκBζ能夠直接調(diào)控單核細(xì)胞趨化因子CCL2的分泌,IκBζ敲除的巨噬細(xì)胞會出現(xiàn)CCL2的分泌障礙,引起炎癥反應(yīng)的加重[7].最新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)IκBζ能夠直接促進(jìn)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子調(diào)控抑炎因子IL?10的啟動子,能夠促進(jìn)IL?10的生成,從而抑制炎癥反應(yīng)[8].這項研究說明IκBζ在抑炎因子生成以及抑制炎癥反應(yīng)中的重要作用.

在2005年Motoyama等[9]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)IκBζ不僅是NF?κB的負(fù)性調(diào)控蛋白,而且具有雙向調(diào)節(jié)作用.過表達(dá)IκBζ可以誘導(dǎo)白細(xì)胞介素6(IL?6)升高,而并不會引起TNF?α的升高[9].因此,IκBζ具體如何調(diào)控NF?κB及炎癥反應(yīng)還需要進(jìn)一步的研究證實(shí).

在一項歐洲及非洲多中心的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)編碼IκBζ蛋白的Nfkbiz基因多態(tài)性與肺炎鏈球菌性肺炎的易感性相關(guān)[10].在肺炎鏈球菌干預(yù)的細(xì)胞中發(fā)現(xiàn),在外周血單核細(xì)胞中IκBζ明顯升高,而在支氣管上皮細(xì)胞中表達(dá)無變化,并能夠直接調(diào)控IL?6及粒細(xì)胞巨噬細(xì)胞集落刺激因子生成,而敲除IκBζ基因表達(dá)后IL?6及粒細(xì)胞巨噬細(xì)胞集落刺激因子生成明顯降低[11].這些研究說明IκBζ在肺炎鏈球菌感染性疾病中起到抑制炎癥的作用,可能是潛在的治療肺炎鏈球菌感染性疾病的治療靶點(diǎn).

在室塵螨導(dǎo)致哮喘的疾病中發(fā)現(xiàn)IκBζ能夠通過激活產(chǎn)生IL?1和IL?6促進(jìn)肺泡上皮細(xì)胞中的單核細(xì)胞趨化,抑制IκBζ表達(dá)后IL?1和IL?6的生成減少,IκBζ可能是調(diào)控室塵螨所致哮喘的潛在治療靶點(diǎn)[12].

2 IκBζ在腫瘤性疾病中的調(diào)控作用

隨著不斷地深入研究發(fā)現(xiàn)NF?κB在腫瘤性疾病中起到重要作用,特別是在淋巴瘤中[13-14],乳腺癌[15],惡性腦膠質(zhì)瘤[16]等惡性疾病的發(fā)病過程中起到調(diào)節(jié)作用.因此,NF?κB的調(diào)控蛋白是否也在腫瘤性疾病中起到重要的作用,逐漸引起人們的關(guān)注.

IκBζ能夠通過激活I(lǐng)L?6增加B細(xì)胞的生成[17].而IκBζ在慢性淋巴細(xì)胞性白血病的發(fā)病過程中起到加速病情進(jìn)展的作用[18-19].在414例彌漫性大B細(xì)胞淋巴瘤應(yīng)用CHOP方案化療耐藥及敏感的患者中發(fā)現(xiàn)Nfkbiz基因是變化最明顯的8個基因中的一個,這預(yù)示著Nfkbiz基因可能是預(yù)示治療效果好壞的標(biāo)志之一[20].

在REMBRANDT數(shù)據(jù)庫分析中發(fā)現(xiàn)IκBζ的表達(dá)高低與腦膠質(zhì)瘤患者的惡性程度高低成正相關(guān)性,在進(jìn)一步的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)IκBζ可能是通過激活I(lǐng)L?6,IL?8和CXCL1的表達(dá)來促進(jìn)腦膠質(zhì)瘤細(xì)胞的生長[21].

IκBζ蛋白不僅通過NF?κB來調(diào)控腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長,而且研究發(fā)現(xiàn)STAT3,Bcl3等在腫瘤生長過程中起到重要調(diào)控作用的蛋白都是IκBζ的靶蛋白[22],IκBζ可以通過調(diào)控下游蛋白來調(diào)控腫瘤細(xì)胞的生長.

3 IκBζ在其他疾病中的調(diào)控作用

IκBζ不僅在炎癥性疾病及腫瘤性疾病中起到重要的調(diào)控作用,在銀屑病、干燥綜合征等疾病中也起到重要的作用.

有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Nfkbiz基因能夠調(diào)控角質(zhì)細(xì)胞的增生和變異,在Nfkbiz基因敲除小鼠中發(fā)現(xiàn)角質(zhì)細(xì)胞處于低增生狀態(tài),并且角質(zhì)細(xì)胞變異的標(biāo)志蛋白K10及絲聚合蛋白均明顯下調(diào)[23].在銀屑病中發(fā)現(xiàn)IκBζ在調(diào)控Th17細(xì)胞的生成中起到重要作用,IκBζ低表達(dá)的小鼠中Th17細(xì)胞生成明顯降低[24],IκBζ能夠明顯加重銀屑病的癥狀[25].

另一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)IκBζ在干燥綜合征的發(fā)病過程中也起到重要的調(diào)控作用.在干燥綜合征發(fā)病過程中IκBζ低表達(dá)會促進(jìn)上皮細(xì)胞的凋亡從而加重病情進(jìn)展[26].

4 總結(jié)展望

IκBζ作為轉(zhuǎn)錄因子NF?κB的調(diào)控因子,目前研究其調(diào)控作用主要為負(fù)性調(diào)控,但是否IκBζ對NF?κB有正性調(diào)控作用尚需進(jìn)一步研究.IκBζ在疾病中的調(diào)控作用主要是通過調(diào)控NF?κB實(shí)現(xiàn)的,但也有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)IκBζ可以結(jié)合下游炎癥因子的啟動子進(jìn)行直接調(diào)控,因此,IκBζ在疾病中的調(diào)控作用也許并不僅僅局限于通過調(diào)控NF?κB的間接調(diào)控,而可能會對下游分子進(jìn)行直接調(diào)控,從而在相關(guān)疾病發(fā)病過程中起到更直接,更重要的調(diào)控作用.因此,IκBζ在各類疾病中的調(diào)控作用還需要進(jìn)一步深入研究.

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[12]Sundaram K,Mitra S,Gavrilin MA,et al.House dust mite allergens and the Induction of monocyte interleukin 1β production that triggers an IκBζ?dependent granulocyte macrophage colony?stimulating factorrelease from human lung epithelial cells[J].Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol,2015,53(3):400-411.

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[21]Brennenstuhl H,Armento A,Braczysnki AK,et al.IκBξ,an atypical member of the inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B family,is induced by gamma?irradiation in glioma cells,regulating cytokine secretion and associated with poor prognosis[J].Int J Oncol,2015,47(5):1971-1980.

[22]Willems M,Dubois N,Musumeci L,et al.IκBζ:an emerging player in cancer[J].Oncotarget,2016,7(40):66310-66322.

[23]Ishiguro?Oonuma T,Ochiai K,Hashizume K,et al.Nfkbiz regulates the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes[J].Jpn J Vet Res,2015,63(3):107-114.

[24]Okamoto K,Iwai Y,Oh?Hora M,et al.IκBζ regulates TH17 devel?opment by cooperating with ROR nuclear receptors[J].Nature,2010,464(7293):1381-1385.

[25]Johansen C.IκBζ:A key protein in the pathogenesis of psoriasis[J].Cytokine,2016,78:20-21.

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Research progress of the regulation of IκBζ encoded by Nfkbiz in diseases

LIU Wei,GU Xing,JIN Fa?Guang
Department of Respiration,Second Hospital Affiliated to Fourth Military Medical University

Protein IκBζ is encoded by Nfkbiz.It is one of nucle?us protein and belongs to IκB family.IκBζ regulates the express of NF?κB.More and more researches focus on the regulation of IκBζ in inflammation,cancer and other diseases.We will review what role of IκBζ in these diseases.

IκBζ;Nfkbiz;NF?κB

Q344+.14

A

2095?6894(2017)04?08?03

2016-12-27;接受日期:2017-01-14

陜西省自然科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)研究計劃?青年人才項目(2016JQ8041)

劉 偉.博士.E?mail:liuweilung@163.com

金發(fā)光.主任醫(yī)師,教授.E?mail:jinfag@fmmu.edu.cn

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