張 勝
·療效比較研究·
阿托伐他汀與瑞舒伐他汀治療早發(fā)冠心病急性心肌梗死有效性及安全性的對比研究
張 勝
目的 比較阿托伐他汀與瑞舒伐他汀治療早發(fā)冠心病(PCAD)急性心肌梗死的有效性及安全性。方法 采用簡單抽樣法選取2014年5月—2016年6月常州市第一人民醫(yī)院收治的PCAD急性心肌梗死患者120例,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對照組和觀察組,每組60例。在常規(guī)治療基礎(chǔ)上,對照組患者給予阿托伐他汀治療,觀察組患者給予瑞舒伐他汀治療;兩組患者均連續(xù)治療6周。比較兩組患者治療前后血脂指標(biāo)、心功能指標(biāo)、血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞功能指標(biāo)及血漿超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)水平,記錄兩組患者治療期間不良反應(yīng)及不良心血管事件發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果 治療前兩組患者血清總膽固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后兩組患者血清TC水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),而治療后觀察組患者血清TG、LDL-C水平低于對照組,血清HDL-C水平高于對照組(P<0.05)。兩組患者治療前后左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF)、左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑(LVEDd)、每搏輸出量(SV)、心臟指數(shù)(CI)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。治療后兩組患者LVEF高于治療前(P<0.05),而治療后兩組患者LVEDd、SV、CI與治療前比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。兩組患者治療前后血流介導(dǎo)的血管舒張功能(FMD)及治療前血漿hs-CRP水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后觀察組患者血漿hs-CRP水平低于對照組(P<0.05)。治療后兩組患者FMD高于治療前,血漿hs-CRP水平低于治療前(P<0.05)。治療期間兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率及不良心血管事件發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 瑞舒伐他汀與阿托伐他汀均可有效改善PCAD急性心肌梗死患者血脂代謝、心功能、血管內(nèi)皮舒張功能并減輕炎性反應(yīng),但瑞舒伐他汀的調(diào)脂效果和炎性反應(yīng)減輕效果優(yōu)于阿托伐他?。粌烧哂盟幇踩跃^高。
早發(fā)冠心??;心肌梗死;瑞舒伐他汀;阿托伐他??;療效比較研究
張勝.阿托伐他汀與瑞舒伐他汀治療早發(fā)冠心病急性心肌梗死有效性及安全性的對比研究[J].實(shí)用心腦肺血管病雜志,2016,24(11):60-63.[www.syxnf.net]
ZHANG S.Comparative study for effectiveness and safety in treating premature coronary heart disease patients performed as acute myocardial infarction between atorvastatin and rosuvastatin[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2016,24(11):60-63.
臨床上將男性≤55歲、女性≤65歲時(shí)發(fā)生的冠心病稱為早發(fā)冠心病(premature coronary artery disease,PCAD),該病患者急性心肌梗死發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)較高,可嚴(yán)重影響患者的身體健康及生命安全[1-3]。PCAD發(fā)病初期通過調(diào)節(jié)血脂可有效控制疾病進(jìn)程,改善患者預(yù)后。他汀類藥物是獲得臨床肯定的強(qiáng)效調(diào)脂藥物,具有調(diào)節(jié)血脂、抑制炎性遞質(zhì)釋放和動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊形成等作用[4-6],其中以瑞舒伐他汀和阿托伐他汀的調(diào)脂作用最強(qiáng),但目前綜合評(píng)價(jià)瑞舒伐他汀和阿托伐他汀治療PCAD急性心肌梗死患者臨床療效的研究報(bào)道較少。本研究旨在比較瑞舒伐他汀與阿托伐他汀治療PCAD急性心肌梗死患者的有效性及安全性,為PCAD急性心肌梗死患者選擇他汀類藥物提供參考。
1.1 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)符合急性心肌梗死診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):a心電圖動(dòng)態(tài)改變(伴2個(gè)相鄰導(dǎo)聯(lián)ST 段持續(xù)抬高或新出現(xiàn)的左束支傳導(dǎo)阻滯或出現(xiàn)病理性Q波或T波倒置),b心肌壞死血清標(biāo)志物——肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)或心肌肌鈣蛋白T(cTnT)或心肌肌鈣蛋白I(cTnI)水平≥參考范圍上限值2倍,c典型的胸前區(qū)疼痛持續(xù)時(shí)間≥30 min,d經(jīng)冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查確診為急性心肌梗死,符合上述至少2條可診斷為急性心肌梗死;(2)無溝通障礙,能夠正確理解醫(yī)囑并積極配合治療及臨床檢查;(3)依從性良好。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)短期內(nèi)進(jìn)行抗凝治療和/或行冠狀動(dòng)脈介入術(shù)患者;(2)對本研究所用藥物過敏患者;(3)妊娠期及哺乳期婦女;(4)合并風(fēng)濕性心臟病、先天性心臟病、擴(kuò)張型心臟病等其他心臟病患者;(5)合并惡性腫瘤、心力衰竭、嚴(yán)重肝腎功能不全或感染等嚴(yán)重全身性疾病及惡性消耗性疾病患者;(6)合并自身免疫系統(tǒng)疾病患者;(7)入組前1個(gè)月內(nèi)服用他汀類藥物患者;(8)應(yīng)用非甾體類、類固醇及阿片類抗炎藥物患者;(9)近期有出血傾向和潛在出血危險(xiǎn)患者;(10)因自身原因不能繼續(xù)接受研究而自愿退出患者。
1.2 一般資料 采用簡單抽樣法選取2014年5月—2016年6月常州市第一人民醫(yī)院收治的PCAD急性心肌梗死患者120例,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對照組和觀察組,每組60例。兩組患者性別、年齡、吸煙率、高血壓發(fā)生率和血脂異常發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表1),具有可比性。兩組患者及其家屬均了解本研究,并自愿簽署知情同意書。
表1 兩組患者一般資料比較
注:a為t值
1.3 治療方法 兩組患者入院后均進(jìn)行常規(guī)體格檢查及血常規(guī)、肝腎功能、心電圖、心臟超聲檢查等,并根據(jù)“急性心肌梗死治療方案”[4]中相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行常規(guī)治療,包括使用低分子肝素、血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)換酶抑制劑、β-受體阻滯劑、阿司匹林腸溶片、氯吡格雷、硝酸酯類藥物等,除此之外不使用其他調(diào)脂藥物、抗炎藥物或維生素。對照組患者在常規(guī)治療基礎(chǔ)上給予阿托伐他汀(商品名:立普妥;生產(chǎn)廠家:Pfizer Ireland Pharmaceuticals;批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國藥準(zhǔn)字J20120050;規(guī)格:10 mg×7片)治療,1片/次,1次/d;觀察組患者在常規(guī)治療基礎(chǔ)上給予瑞舒伐他汀(商品名:可定;生產(chǎn)廠家:阿斯利康制藥有限公司;批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):進(jìn)口藥品注冊證號(hào)H200110563;規(guī)格:10 mg×7片)治療,1片/次,1次/d。兩組患者均連續(xù)治療6個(gè)月。
1.4 觀察指標(biāo) 比較兩組患者治療前后血脂指標(biāo)、心功能指標(biāo)、血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞功能指標(biāo)及血漿超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hypersensitive C-reactive protein,hs-CRP)水平,并觀察治療期間不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。(1)血脂指標(biāo):所有患者于清晨抽取上肢靜脈血5 ml,采用全自動(dòng)生化分析儀檢測血清總膽固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)水平;(2)心功能指標(biāo):采用美國GE Vivd7型超聲診斷儀檢測左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF)、左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑(LVEDd)、每搏輸出量(SV)、心臟指數(shù)(CI);(3)血管內(nèi)皮功能指標(biāo):采用西門子G60s彩色超聲診斷儀測定血流介導(dǎo)的血管舒張功能(FMD);(4)hs-CRP:清晨采集患者空腹肘靜脈血3 ml,置于非抗凝管中,3 000 r/min離心5 min分離血漿,采用速率散射比濁法測定血漿hs-CRP水平,嚴(yán)格按照CRP試劑盒(默殺克生物有限公司)說明書進(jìn)行操作;(5)治療期間不良反應(yīng)及不良心血管事件發(fā)生情況:不良反應(yīng)包括惡心、嘔吐、上肢肌肉疼痛、食欲不振等,不良心血管事件包括再次心肌梗死、惡性心律失常、復(fù)發(fā)性心絞痛、血運(yùn)重建、嚴(yán)重心力衰竭及心源性死亡等。
2.1 兩組患者治療前后血脂指標(biāo)比較 治療前兩組患者血清TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后兩組患者血清TC水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),而治療后觀察組患者血清TG、LDL-C水平低于對照組,血清HDL-C水平高于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表2)。
2.2 兩組患者治療前后心功能指標(biāo)比較 兩組患者治療前后LVEF、LVEDd、SV、CI比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。治療后兩組患者LVEF高于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療后兩組患者LVEDd、SV、CI與治療前比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表3)。
2.3 兩組患者治療前后FMD和血漿hs-CRP水平比較 兩組患者治療前后FMD及治療前血漿hs-CRP水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后觀察組患者血漿hs-CRP水平低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療后兩組患者FMD高于治療前,血漿hs-CRP水平低于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表4)。
Table4ComparisonofFMDandplasmahs-CRPlevelbetweenthetwogroupsbeforeandaftertreatment
組別例數(shù)FMD(%)治療前 治療后hs?CRP(mg/L)治療前 治療后對照組60660±211817±227a1502±097234±043a觀察組60651±219837±202a1510±105124±045at值02240510043413690P值031401540214<0001
注:FMD=血流介導(dǎo)的血管舒張功能,hs-CRP=超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白;與治療前比較,aP<0.05
2.4 不良反應(yīng)及不良心血管事件 治療期間對照組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為3.3%,不良心血管事件發(fā)生率為11.7%;觀察組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為3.3%,不良心血管事件發(fā)生率為8.3%。兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率及不良心血管事件發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2值分別為0.000、0.370,P值分別為0.698、0.847,見表5)。
表5 兩組患者不良反應(yīng)及不良心血管事件發(fā)生情況(例)
Table 5 Incidence of adverse reactions and adverse cardiovascular events of two groups
組別例數(shù)不良反應(yīng)惡心、嘔吐 上肢肌肉疼痛 食欲不振不良心血管事件復(fù)發(fā)性心絞痛 血運(yùn)重建對照組6010143觀察組6011032
表2 兩組患者治療前后血脂指標(biāo)比較±s,mmol/L)
注:TC=總膽固醇,TG=三酰甘油,HDL-C=高密度脂蛋白膽固醇,LDL-C=低密度脂蛋白膽固醇
表3 兩組患者治療前后心功能指標(biāo)比較±s)
注:LVEF=左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù),LVEDd=左心室舒張末期內(nèi)徑,SV=每搏輸出量,CI=心臟指數(shù);與治療前比較,aP<0.05
流行病學(xué)調(diào)查顯示,PCAD發(fā)病率呈逐年上升趨勢[7-9],早期進(jìn)行綜合治療可有效降低PCAD心肌梗死患者嚴(yán)重不良心血管事件發(fā)生率及改善患者預(yù)后。臨床研究表明,PCAD急性心肌梗死患者發(fā)病24 h內(nèi)及時(shí)給予他汀類藥物治療可有效控制疾病發(fā)展[10]。
他汀類藥物在冠心病一級(jí)和二級(jí)預(yù)防中的有效性已得到臨床公認(rèn)。他汀類藥物為3-羥基-3-甲基戊二酰輔酶A(HMG-CoA)還原酶抑制劑,其可有效降低細(xì)胞內(nèi)膽固醇的合成及分泌,還可加快血清中膽固醇清除率、抑制載脂蛋白合成。臨床研究發(fā)現(xiàn),他汀類藥物除具有調(diào)脂作用外,還具有抑制血管平滑肌增殖、穩(wěn)定斑塊、抑制炎性細(xì)胞浸潤、改善血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞功能、抑制血小板聚集和血栓形成、減少炎性遞質(zhì)釋放、抑制心臟纖維化等調(diào)脂外作用,即他汀類藥物的“多向性效應(yīng)”[11]。瑞舒伐他汀與阿托伐他汀均是臨床上常用的強(qiáng)效調(diào)脂他汀類藥物。瑞舒伐他汀具有高肝選擇性、極低代謝率、低親油性及與細(xì)胞色素P450之間相互作用較低等特點(diǎn),但其不易進(jìn)行被動(dòng)擴(kuò)散,故其在肝外組織濃度較低。阿托伐他汀具有良好的脂溶性,可通過被動(dòng)擴(kuò)散進(jìn)入組織,可進(jìn)入細(xì)胞質(zhì)乃至細(xì)胞核發(fā)揮作用[12-14]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,治療后觀察組患者血清TG、LDL-C水平低于對照組,HDL-C水平高于對照組,表明瑞舒伐他汀的調(diào)脂作用優(yōu)于阿托伐他??;此外,治療后兩組患者LVEF和FMD高于治療前,血漿hs-CRP水平低于治療前,表明瑞舒伐他汀與阿托伐他汀均具有改善血管內(nèi)皮功能、抑制心臟纖維化、減少炎性遞質(zhì)釋放等調(diào)脂外作用。hs-CRP是反映機(jī)體炎性反應(yīng)的敏感指標(biāo),參與了機(jī)體補(bǔ)體激活、免疫調(diào)節(jié)、細(xì)胞凋亡、動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化形成及進(jìn)展等過程[15]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,治療后觀察組患者血漿hs-CRP水平低于對照組,提示瑞舒伐他汀較阿托伐他汀能更好地抑制炎性遞質(zhì)釋放,與ROSENSON等[16]研究結(jié)果相一致。本研究還進(jìn)一步分析了瑞舒伐他汀與阿托伐他汀的用藥安全性,結(jié)果顯示,兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率和不良心血管事件發(fā)生率間無差異,表明瑞舒伐他汀與阿托伐他汀的安全性均較高。
綜上所述,瑞舒伐他汀與阿托伐他汀均可有效改善PCAD急性心肌梗死患者血脂代謝、心功能、血管內(nèi)皮舒張功能并減輕炎性反應(yīng),但瑞舒伐他汀的調(diào)脂效果和炎性反應(yīng)減輕效果優(yōu)于阿托伐他?。粌烧哂盟幇踩跃^高。由于本研究為單中心研究并采用了簡單抽樣法,因此可能存在一定的選擇偏倚,研究結(jié)果適用性受限;此外,由于不同他汀類藥物結(jié)構(gòu)不同,其臨床療效必定存在一些差異,今后應(yīng)注重細(xì)化不同他汀類藥物調(diào)脂外作用及其作用機(jī)制,以為臨床制定個(gè)體化治療方案提供參考依據(jù)。
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(本文編輯:謝武英)
Comparative Study for Effectiveness and Safety in Treating Premature Coronary Heart Disease Patients Performed as Acute Myocardial Infarction between Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin
ZHANG Sheng.
The First People′s Hospital of Changzhou,Changzhou 213022,China
Objective To compare the effectiveness and safety in treating premature coronary heart disease patients performed as acute myocardial infarction between atorvastatin and rosuvastatin.Methods A total of 120 premature coronary heart disease patients performed as acute myocardial infarction were selected in the First People′s Hospital of Changzhou from May 2014 to June 2016 by simple sampling method,and they were divided into control group and observation group according to random number table,each of 60 cases.Based on conventional treatment,patients of control group received atorvastatin,while patient of observation group received rosuvastatin;both groups continuously treated for 6 months.Blood lipids index,index of cardiac function and vascular endothelial cell function,hs-CRP,incidence of adverse reactions and adverse cardiovascular events were compared between the two groups.Results No statistically significant differences of serum level of TC,TG,HDL-C or LDL-C was found between the two groups before treatment,nor was serum TC level was found between the two groups after treatment(P>0.05);after treatment,serum levels TG and LDL-C of observation group were statistically significantly lower than those of control group,while serum HDL-C level of observation group was statistically significantly higher than that of control group(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of LVEF,LVEDd,SV or CI was found between the two groups before or after treatment(P>0.05);after treatment,LVEF of the two groups was statistically significantly higher than that before treatment,respectively(P<0.05),while no statistically significant differences of LVEDd,SV or CI of the two groups was found compared with that before treatment(P>0.05).No statistically significant differences of FMD or plasma hs-CRP level was found between the two groups before treatment,nor was FMD between the two groups after treatment(P>0.05),while plasma hs-CRP level of observation group was statistically significantly lower than that of control group after treatment(P<0.05);after treatment,F(xiàn)MD of the two groups was statistically significantly higher than that before treatment,respectively,while plasma hs-CRP level of the two groups was statistically significantly lower than that before treatment,respectively(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of incidence of adverse reactions or adverse cardiovascular events was found between the two groups during the treatment(P>0.05).Conclusion Both atorvastatin and rosuvastatin can effectively adjust the blood lipid metabolism,improve the cardiac function and vascular endothelial diastolic function,relive the inflammatory reaction of premature coronary heart disease patients performed as acute myocardial infarction,but rosuvastatin has better lipid regulating effect and inflammatory reaction relieving effect than atorvastatin;atorvastatin and rosuvastatin have similar relatively high safety.
Premature coronary artery disease;Myocardial infarction;Rosuvastatin;Atorvastatin;Comparative effectiveness research
213022 江蘇省常州市第一人民醫(yī)院
R 541.4 R 542.22
B
10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2016.11.016
2016-08-01;
2016-11-14)