龍杰超,馮 軍,劉布鳴,何開家,陳明生
(廣西壯族自治區(qū)中醫(yī)藥研究院,廣西中藥質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,廣西南寧 530022)
種植與野生走馬胎的化學(xué)成分差異分析*
龍杰超,馮 軍,劉布鳴**,何開家,陳明生
(廣西壯族自治區(qū)中醫(yī)藥研究院,廣西中藥質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,廣西南寧 530022)
【目的】為給種植走馬胎入藥提供科學(xué)依據(jù),研究種植走馬胎與野生走馬胎的化學(xué)成分差異?!痉椒ā坎捎帽由V法對(duì)比種植與野生走馬胎的色譜特征,并用分光光度法對(duì)比測(cè)定其多糖的含量?!窘Y(jié)果】野生與種植走馬胎的薄層色譜特征和多糖含量基本一致?!窘Y(jié)論】種植走馬胎與野生走馬胎的化學(xué)成分無明顯差異,可代替野生走馬胎入藥。
走馬胎 薄層色譜 分光光度法 多糖
【研究意義】走馬胎(Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf)為紫金??谱辖鹋僦参锎笕~紫金牛的干燥根及根莖[1],主要分布廣西、江西、廣東等地。走馬胎祛風(fēng)濕、壯筋骨、活血祛瘀,為民間常用的跌打傷科用藥。隨著走馬胎的開發(fā)利用,野生走馬胎資源日益減少。開展人工種植、擴(kuò)大藥材資源對(duì)走馬胎及其制劑的可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有現(xiàn)實(shí)意義?!厩叭搜芯窟M(jìn)展】現(xiàn)有的研究表明,走馬胎含有皂苷、黃酮、揮發(fā)油等多種成分[2-5],具有顯著的抗惡性腫瘤、抗炎、抗氧化等生物活性[6-12]?!颈狙芯壳腥朦c(diǎn)】目前為止,尚未見野生走馬胎和種植走馬胎的化學(xué)成分對(duì)比研究的報(bào)道?!緮M解決的關(guān)鍵問題】參考文獻(xiàn)[13],對(duì)比研究野生走馬胎與種植走馬胎的化學(xué)成分,為其入藥提供依據(jù)。在不同展開系統(tǒng)下對(duì)野生和種植走馬胎不同部位進(jìn)行薄層色譜分析,并采用紫外分光光度法測(cè)定野生和種植走馬胎中多糖的含量。
1.1 材料
島津UV2550紫外可見風(fēng)光光度計(jì)和高速多功能粉碎機(jī)(上海冰都電器有限公司),電子天平(梅特勒XS-205 瑞士梅特勒-托利多公司),HH-S數(shù)顯恒溫水浴鍋(金壇市醫(yī)療儀器廠),KQ-5200B型超聲波清洗器(昆山市超聲儀器有限公司),電熱恒溫鼓風(fēng)干燥箱(上海精宏實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)備有限公司),ZF-90D暗箱式紫外分析儀(上海光豪分析儀器有限公司)。
野生走馬胎采自廣西樂業(yè)縣,種植走馬胎采自廣西樂業(yè)縣甘田鎮(zhèn)種植基地。經(jīng)廣西中醫(yī)藥研究院何開家主任藥師鑒定兩者都為紫金牛科紫金牛屬植物大葉紫金牛的干燥全株;D-無水葡萄糖對(duì)照品(批號(hào):110833-201205)由中國(guó)食品藥品檢定研究院提供,水為超純水,其他試劑為分析純。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 TLC鑒別
1.2.1.1 供試品溶液的制備
將干燥的種植走馬胎及野生走馬胎的根莖、莖、葉部位分離并粉碎過40目篩,分別稱取2 g置于具塞錐形瓶中,加入甲醇20 mL,靜置浸泡30 min,超聲提取1 h;0.45 μm微孔濾膜濾過,取續(xù)濾液。
1.2.1.2 供試品溶液的展開
在同一塊G-硅膠板上,取1.2.1.1節(jié)制備的供試品點(diǎn)樣,分別以環(huán)己烷-丙酮(2∶1)、石油醚-乙酸乙酯(4∶1)、正己烷-乙酸乙酯(3∶1)為展開劑,預(yù)飽和10 min,展開后取出晾干,再分別以10%硫酸乙醇溶液顯色,105℃的烘箱中烘5 min,置紫外燈(365 nm)下檢視。
1.2.2 多糖含量測(cè)定
1.2.2.1 對(duì)照品溶液配制
取D-無水葡萄糖對(duì)照品適量,精密稱定,置容量瓶中,加水溶解并稀釋至刻度,搖勻,制成每1 mL含D-無水葡萄糖0.5 mg的溶液。
1.2.2.2 供試品溶液配制
取走馬胎根莖粉末(40目)約5 g,精密稱定,置具塞錐形瓶中,加5倍量80%乙醇浸泡1 h,回流提取2次,每次1 h,棄去濾液,濾渣用15倍水回流提取1 h,完全轉(zhuǎn)移至100 mL容量瓶,加水至刻度,搖勻,0.45 μm微孔濾膜濾過,取續(xù)濾液。
1.2.2.3 測(cè)定波長(zhǎng)的選擇
參照文獻(xiàn)[14],取供試品溶液及對(duì)照品溶液各0.5 mL,加蒸餾水1.5 mL,搖勻,立即加入6%的苯酚溶液1 mL,搖勻,再加濃硫酸5 mL,于40℃水浴中保溫20 min,取出,置冰浴中保持15 min,以相應(yīng)溶劑為空白,在400~600 nm范圍進(jìn)行光譜掃描。
2.1 薄層色譜鑒別
將野生走馬胎與種植走馬胎的根莖、莖、葉的供試品溶液點(diǎn)于同一薄層板上,分別在不同展開系統(tǒng)下展開。圖1結(jié)果顯示,種植與野生走馬胎對(duì)應(yīng)部位的薄層色譜特征基本一致。
(a)環(huán)己烷-丙酮(2∶1);(b)石油醚-乙酸乙酯(4∶1);(c)正己烷-乙酸乙酯(3∶1);1:種植根莖;2:種植莖;3:種植葉;4:野生根莖;5:野生莖;6:野生葉
(a)Cyclohexane-acetone(2∶1);(b)Petroleum ether-ethyl acetate(4∶1);(c)n-hexane-ethyl acetate(3∶1);
1:Cultivated rhizome;2:Cultivated stem;3:Cultivated leaf;4:Wild rhizome;5:Wild stem;6:Wild leaf
圖1 野生與種植走馬胎的TLC圖譜
Fig.1 TLC of wild and cultivated Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf
2.2 多糖含量測(cè)定
2.2.1 檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)的選擇
將進(jìn)行顯色反應(yīng)后的供試品溶液及葡萄糖對(duì)照品溶液在400~600 nm范圍進(jìn)行光譜掃描。結(jié)果兩種溶液在491 nm處均有最大吸收(圖2),故選擇491 nm作為含量測(cè)定的檢測(cè)波長(zhǎng)。
A:對(duì)照品Standard;B:供試品Sample
圖2 對(duì)照品及供試品光譜
Fig.2 Spectrogram of the standard and sample
2.2.2 多糖含量
參照文獻(xiàn)方法[14],對(duì)比測(cè)定種植走馬胎與野生走馬胎根莖中多糖含量,結(jié)果分別為15.02 mg/g、15.88 mg/g。
采用薄層色譜法對(duì)比種植與野生走馬胎的色譜特征,并用分光光度法對(duì)比其多糖含量。為了全面反應(yīng)種植走馬胎與野生走馬胎在化學(xué)成分上的差異,將其根莖、莖和葉分開對(duì)比分析,但由于其藥用部位是根莖,故只選擇對(duì)比根莖部位的多糖含量;雖然走馬胎中含有多種成分[2-5],但因藥材中含量低或缺少對(duì)應(yīng)的化學(xué)對(duì)照品,故本文未在薄層色譜中引入相應(yīng)的對(duì)照品進(jìn)行對(duì)比鑒別。薄層色譜和分光光度測(cè)定結(jié)果表明,種植走馬胎與野生走馬胎對(duì)應(yīng)部位的薄層色譜特征及多糖含量均無明顯差別,為種植走馬胎代替野生走馬胎入藥提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。
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(責(zé)任編輯:尹 闖)
Variance Analysis of Chemical Constituents in the Cultivated and WildArdisiagigantifoliaStapf
LONG Jiechao,F(xiàn)ENG Jun,LIU Buming,HE Kaijia,CHEN Mingsheng
(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Tradtitonal Chinese Medicine Quality Standards,Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi,530022,China)
【Objective】To study the compositional differences in the wild and cultivated Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf,and provide scientific basis for the cultivated Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf when used as traditional medicine.【Methods】The TLC was used to contrast the chromatographic features of the wild and cultivated Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf.And the spectrophotometry was used to contrast the content of polysaccharide in the wild and cultivated Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf.【Results】The chromatographic features and the content of polysaccharide in the wild and cultivated Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf were similar.【Conclusion】The chemical constituents in the cultivated and wild Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf had no obvious differences and they could substitute for each other when used as traditional medicine.
Ardisia gigantifolia Stapf,TLC,spectrophotometry,polysaccharide
http://www.cnki.net/kcms/detail/45.1075.N.20161201.0849.002.html
2016-08-15
龍杰超(1960-),男,主管藥師,主要從事中藥資源研究與開發(fā)。
*廣西科學(xué)研究與技術(shù)開發(fā)項(xiàng)目(重大專項(xiàng)計(jì)劃,桂科重1355001-5-14)資助。
Q949.773.1
A
1002-7378(2016)04-0275-03
網(wǎng)絡(luò)優(yōu)先數(shù)字出版時(shí)間:2016-12-01 【DOI】10.13657/j.cnki.gxkxyxb.20161201.001
**通信作者:劉布鳴(1956-),男,研究員,碩士研究生導(dǎo)師,主要從事中藥、天然藥化學(xué)成分與質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)研究,E-mail:liubuming@aliyun.com。