胡發(fā)高
冠詞雖是“小不點(diǎn)”,但我們?cè)诿磕甑闹锌加⒄Z(yǔ)試題中都能見(jiàn)到它的“身影”。不定冠詞a和an的辨異、定冠詞the及零冠詞的基本用法和習(xí)慣搭配等,是近年來(lái)中考英語(yǔ)試題中的考查熱點(diǎn)。這里教你三個(gè)如何選擇a、an、the及零冠詞的“招數(shù)”。
[第一招 根據(jù)讀音辨a和an]
a用于以輔音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前,an用于以元音音素開(kāi)頭的單詞前,這是辨別a、an的基本原則。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)在于:絕大部分元音字母都發(fā)元音,但也有少數(shù)例外,例如university, useful等,它們的讀音卻是以輔音音素開(kāi)頭,因此前面的冠詞用a而不是用an。另外,有些單詞的第一個(gè)字母不發(fā)音,例如Europe讀作[jur?p],European讀作[ju?r?pi??n],第一個(gè)字母E均不發(fā)音,因此前面的冠詞也都用a而不是用an。又如hour讀作[au?],honest讀作[?n?st],第一個(gè)字母h均不發(fā)音,因此前面的冠詞要用an而不是a。我們可以這樣記:
[辨別用a與用an,不看字母看讀音;
輔音音素要用a, 元音音素要用an。\&]
【中考真題】
1. (2016年濟(jì)寧卷) ____ apple a day keeps the doctor away.
A. A B. An
C. The D. /
2. (2016年青島卷) David is ____ eight-year-old boy with short black hair.
A. / B. a
C. an D. the
3. (2016年成都卷) To be ____ good dancer, you need to learn more.
A. the B. a
C. an
4. (2016年達(dá)州卷) —Look! Whos ____ girl under the tree?
—Oh, she is my sister, Kate. She is ____ honest girl.
A. the; an B. a; the
C. the; a D. an; the
5. (2016年無(wú)錫卷) Tom wants to study at ____ university in Europe, but hasnt decided which one to go to yet.
A. an B. a
C. the D. /
【解析】
1. B。apple的讀音以元音音素[?]開(kāi)頭,因此應(yīng)選擇An。
2. C。eight-year-old的讀音以元音音素[e?]開(kāi)頭,因此應(yīng)選擇an。
3. B。good的讀音以輔音音素[]開(kāi)頭,因此應(yīng)選擇a。
4. A。第一空特指“在樹(shù)下的那個(gè)女孩”,要用the;第二空后honest的首字母h不發(fā)音,其讀音以元音音素[?]開(kāi)頭,因此要用an。
5. B。university的讀音以輔音音素[ju?]開(kāi)頭,因此應(yīng)選擇a。
[第二招 特指人、物要選the]
表示特指某(些)人或某(些)事物要用定冠詞the。特指主要有以下幾種體現(xiàn)形式:(1)該名詞后有短語(yǔ)或從句做定語(yǔ);(2)該名詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)或表示順序的序數(shù)詞;(3)該名詞是雙方都知道的或上文已提到過(guò)的人或物;(4)該名詞表示的是世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物。
【中考真題】
1. (2016年河南卷) —Kate, are you ____ only child in your family?
—Yes, but ____ new baby is on the way.
A. a; the B. an; the
C. the; a D. the; the
2. (2016年連云港卷) —Dong Guijun is ____ first man of Lianyungang to reach the top of Mount Qomolangma.
—He is ____ pride of us.
A. the; / B. a; the
C. the; the D. a; /
3. (2016年威海卷) —Would you please turn off ____ TV?
—OK, just a minute.
A. a B. an
C. the
4. (2016年廣安卷) Lucy is ____ shy girl, but she is good at playing ____ piano.
A. an; the B. a; the
C. a; / D. an; /
5. (2016年綿陽(yáng)卷) Jason likes ____ shape of the cake. It is ____ heart.
A. the; a B. a; the
C. the; the D. a; a
【解析】
1. C。第一空中,only的意思是“唯一的”,與the連用表示特指;第二空所在句意為“一個(gè)寶寶即將出生”。
2. C。第一空后的first是序數(shù)詞,與the連用;第二空中的pride表示“我們的驕傲”,屬于特指,要與定冠詞連用。
3. C。對(duì)方說(shuō)的TV指的是雙方都知道的那臺(tái)電視機(jī),前面要用the。
4. B。第一空后的shy的讀音以輔音音素[?]開(kāi)頭,要選擇a表示“一個(gè)靦腆的女孩”;第二空中的piano(鋼琴)屬于樂(lè)器類(lèi)名詞,要與the連用。
5. A。第一空后的shape屬特指,即“這個(gè)蛋糕的形狀”,要與the連用;第二空后的heart屬于泛指,即“它是一個(gè)心形”,要用a。
[第三招 依據(jù)搭配辨冠詞]
英語(yǔ)固定短語(yǔ)中,有的含有不定冠詞a、an,有的含有定冠詞the,有的則是什么冠詞也沒(méi)用。解題時(shí),我們可以把短語(yǔ)反復(fù)默讀幾遍,然后憑語(yǔ)感敲定答案。由于我們平時(shí)多次背誦和使用過(guò)這些短語(yǔ),這種憑語(yǔ)感敲定答案的方法很有效。
(一)含不定冠詞a、an的固定搭配有:
[have a walk; have an idea; have a fever; have a headache; have a good time; go for a walk; make a living; in a hurry; in a word; once upon a time; take a seat; have a look; ride a bike; a little; a few; a piece / cup of\&]
(二)含定冠詞the的固定搭配有:
[in the morning / afternoon / evening; in the middle of; on the other hand; at the same time; by the way; in the open air; at the age of; in the end; at the moment; at the beginning of; look the same; play the piano / violin\&]
(三)不含任何冠詞的固定搭配有:
[in fact; at first; at last; at work; at home; for breakfast / lunch / supper; in time; on time; for example; on holiday; in danger; go to bed; on duty; after school; by bus / bike / plane / ship; by mistake; by hand; at table; on earth; in hospital, have fun; play basketball / football / chess / cards \&]
【中考真題】
1. (2016年南充卷) She usually has ____ egg and some porridge for ____ breakfast.
A. an; the B. an; /
C. a; the D. a; /
2. (2016年菏澤卷) —Did you have ____ good time yesterday?
—Yeah, I really had ____ fun at the party!
A. a; / B. a; the
C. /; the
3. (2016年泰安卷) I usually ride ____ bike to school. But this morning, I went to school by ____ bus.
A. a; the B. the; a
C. /; a D. a; /
4. (2016年巴中卷) Mike is ____ boy. He often plays ____ basketball.
A. a; / B. an; the
C. an; /
5. (2016年攀枝花卷) —You can take ____ subway to the museum.
—No, I will go there by ____ bike.
A. /; the B. the; /
C. the; the D. a; a
【解析】
1. B。第一空后的egg的讀音以元音音素[e]開(kāi)頭,要選擇an;for breakfast屬于固定搭配,因此第二空不填冠詞。
2. A。第一空中have a good time屬于固定短語(yǔ),意思是“過(guò)得愉快”;第二空中的have fun也屬于固定短語(yǔ),意思是“玩得開(kāi)心”。
3. D。ride a bike屬于固定短語(yǔ),意思是“騎自行車(chē)”;第二空的by bus也屬于固定短語(yǔ),意思是“坐公交車(chē)”。
4. A。第一空后的boy的讀音以輔音音素[b]開(kāi)頭,故用a;第二空后的play basketball屬于固定搭配。
5. B。第一空后的subway指的是雙方都知道的那條地鐵線路,故用the;第二空中,與by連用表示交通方式的名詞前不用冠詞。
練一練:
從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入相應(yīng)空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
1. Its not ____ good idea to drive for four hours without ____ break.
A. a; a B. a; the
C. the; a D. the; the
2. Cindy is ____ amazing singer. She has lots of fans.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
3. As we know, England is ____ European country and Singapore is ____ Asian country.
A. an; an B. an; a
C. a; a D. a; an
4. —Do you know ____ man in blue?
—Yes, he is a professor of ____ university.
A. the; a B. a; an
C. the; an D. /; the
5. My best friend Neil is ____ honest boy. You can believe him.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
6. What ____ good news! Our school band will play at Harbin Summer Concert in ____ August.
A. a; the B. the; an
C. /; an D. /; /
7. —Does your father go to work by ____ car every day?
—No, he sometimes takes ____ bus.
A. a; the B. the; a
C. /; a D. a; /
8. —Do you know ____ boy over there?
—Yes, he likes playing ____ basketball very much.
A. the; / B. a; the
C. a; / D. the; a
9. Mr. Smith is ____ old man and he usually walks his dog after ____ supper.
A. a; the B. an; a
C. an; / D. the; /
10. There is ____ “h” in the word “hour”, and ____ “u” in the word “useful”.
A. an; an B. an; a
C. a; an D. a; a
11. Our Chinese teacher told us ____ interesting story yesterday and ____ story was about Thomas Edison.
A. an; a B. the; the
C. a; the D. an; the
12. —Theres ____ ball on the playground. Would you please pass ____ ball to me?
—With pleasure.
A. /; the B. the; a
C. /; a D. a; the
13. —Is ____ magazine yours, Joe?
—No, I dont have ____ magazine.
A. a; a B. the; the
C. the; a D. a; the
14. It is such ____ wonderful science fiction movie that I want to see it ____ second time.
A. a; a B. a; the
C. /; the D. /; a
15. We usually go to ____ school on weekdays, and sometimes go to ____ cinema at weekends.
A. /; the B. the; the
C. the; / D. a; /
16. —What do you usually have for ____ lunch, Peter?
—A bowl of rice and some vegetables.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
17. This novel can make you laugh and cry at ____ same time.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
18. ____ Browns were having dinner when the telephone rang.
A. A B. The
C. An D. /
19. —Are you ____ English or American?
—English. We are working in Wuhan.
A. a B. /
C. the D. an
20. —Cindy, do you have ____ e-mail address? I want to send you some photos.
—Yes, I do. Its Cindy126@sohu.com.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
21. Can I have ____ look at the photo of your pen pal?
A. a B. an
C. / D. the
22. Thank you so much. I really like ____ scarf you gave me yesterday. It looks very nice.
A. a B. the
C. / D. an
23. ____ amusement park you visited yesterday is kind of small, but its ____ interesting one.
A. The; the B. /; a
C. The; an D. An; the
24. —Have you seen ____ pen? I left one here this morning.
—Is it ____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A. the; the B. a; a
C. the; a D. a; the
25. We can have ____ blue sky if we create ____ less polluted world.
A. a; a B. a; the
C. the; a D. the; the
26. Stay there and dont go anywhere. Ill pick you up in half ____ hour.
A. the B. a
C. an D. /
27. —What do you want to be in the future, Nick?
—I want to be ____ pilot. It is ____ interesting job.
A. a; a B. a; an
C. the; an D. a; the
28. Fathers Day is coming. Its on ____ third Sunday in June.
A. a B. an
C. the D. /
29. My mother drinks ____ cup of milk before going to ____ bed every night.
A. the; a B. the; /
C. a; / D. a; the
30. —Do you play ____ cards in your free time?
—No. I often play ____ soccer with my friends.
A. /; the B. /; /
C. the; the D. a; a