Kaap Skil海事博物館

2016-11-29 06:31荷蘭特克塞爾

世界建筑導(dǎo)報(bào) 2016年3期

關(guān)鍵詞：山形奧德船隊(duì)

Kaap Skil海事博物館

荷蘭特克塞爾

業(yè)主：奧德斯希爾Maritiem & Jutters德博物館

設(shè)計(jì)：2007-2009年

施工：2010-2011年

項(xiàng)目管理：ABC管理公司

室內(nèi)設(shè)計(jì)：倫敦HBA畫(huà)廊

結(jié)構(gòu)工程：烏得勒支Pieters Bouwtechniek

承建商：Bouwcombinatie De Geus & Duin Bouwbedrijf，Broek op Langedijk

面積： 1 200平方米

獲獎(jiǎng)：2012年荷蘭日光獎(jiǎng)

Client： Maritiem & Jutters Museum， Oudeschild

Design： 2007-2009

Construction： 2010-2011

Project management： ABC Management Groep， Assen

Interior design： The Gallery HBA， London， United Kingdom

Structural engineer： Pieters Bouwtechniek， Utrecht

Contractor： Bouwcombinatie De Geus & Duin Bouwbedrijf，Broek op Langedijk

Area： 1 200 m2

Award： Dutch Daylight Award 2012

旅游景點(diǎn)

特塞爾島位于瓦登海內(nèi)，是荷蘭所轄瓦登群島中最大的島嶼。每年有一萬(wàn)左右的游客光顧該島，目前只能通過(guò)飛機(jī)、輪船或渡輪抵達(dá)。然而，很少有人了解特克塞爾輝煌的歷史及其與荷蘭東印度公司的關(guān)系。早在17和18世紀(jì)，東印度公司的船隊(duì)以特克塞爾錨地為出發(fā)點(diǎn)前往遠(yuǎn)東探險(xiǎn)。船隊(duì)在這里等待順風(fēng)起錨揚(yáng)帆，駛往“東方”。在等待時(shí)，船隊(duì)會(huì)在這里維護(hù)，進(jìn)行小修小補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)給食物和水，水手們可以最后再見(jiàn)一次他們的家人。許多畫(huà)家來(lái)到“Reede van Texel”（特克塞爾的近海錨地），在畫(huà)布上描繪荷蘭共和國(guó)的艦隊(duì)。從建在奧德斯希爾德小村莊的入口處進(jìn)入博物館，游客被帶回荷蘭的黃金時(shí)代。這里展示的是Reede van Texel一個(gè)18米長(zhǎng)、4米深的模型，以詳盡的細(xì)節(jié)展示十幾艘錨定在瓦登島近海的船只壯觀的畫(huà)面。

典型的山形屋頂

博物館的設(shè)計(jì)有四個(gè)連接巧妙的山形屋頂，與周圍的屋頂形成的建筑節(jié)奏相映成趣，從海上看，就像高出堤壩的波浪。

“大海會(huì)帶走一切，也會(huì)帶來(lái)一切”——這是特克塞爾婦孺皆知的諺語(yǔ)。幾百年來(lái)，他們有幸能夠用取自擱淺船只或船只殘骸的浮木建造房屋和谷倉(cāng)。Kaap Skil的木制外立面就是這一回收利用傳統(tǒng)的最好實(shí)例。垂直的木條是來(lái)自北荷蘭運(yùn)河的硬木鋸成的薄板，在這里被賦予了新的生命，就像博物館里的收藏品一樣。坐在博物館咖啡廳里的游客可以透過(guò)木板前面的玻璃幕墻看到博物館的露臺(tái)和荷蘭北部享有盛名的藍(lán)色天空。在建筑物里面，陽(yáng)光透過(guò)這些木板照進(jìn)來(lái)，形成了一個(gè)光線與陰影構(gòu)成的線性圖案，光線與陰影創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)和諧的氛圍。

日光與人工照明

博物館的入口和咖啡廳在地下室的Reede van Texel世界和一樓水下考古展廳之間形成一道自然屏障。這兩個(gè)不同空間之間的對(duì)比因?yàn)椴煌墓饩€和空間感而更加強(qiáng)烈。在地下室吸引游客的是投影和動(dòng)畫(huà)，在這里營(yíng)造出充滿神秘感的氛圍。一樓，荷蘭北部的天空照耀著展品。用結(jié)實(shí)的鋼結(jié)構(gòu)和玻璃制造的活動(dòng)展柜創(chuàng)造出透明的效果，里面的展品似乎是在空中飄蕩。在高高的山形屋頂下，游客可以隨意參觀數(shù)目可觀的收藏品。在游覽博物館各處時(shí)，還可以遠(yuǎn)眺奧德斯希爾德小村莊。

Tourist attraction

The island of Texel is situated in the Waddenzee and is the largest of the Dutch Wadden Islands. Every year a million or so tourists visit the island， which is only accessible by plane， boat or ferry. Few however will be familiar with the glorious history of Texel and its links with the Dutch East India Company. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the Company's fleet used the anchorage of Texel as its departure point for expeditions to the Far East. The ships waited there for a favourable wind before weighing anchor and sailing off to the ‘Orient'. While they waited， maintenance work and small repairs were carried out， victuals and water were brought on board and family could see their loved ones one last time. Many painters visited the ‘Reede van Texel' （the offshore anchorage of Texel） to depict on canvas the fleet of the Dutch Republic. In the new entrance building of the maritime and beachcombers museum， Kaap Skil， in the hamlet of Oudeschild， the public is taken back in time to the Dutch Golden Age. The showpiece of the museum is an eighteen-metre long， four-metre deep model of the Reede van Texel， displaying in great detail the impressive spectacle of the dozens of ships anchored off the coast of the Wadden Island.

Typical gable roofs

The museum is designed with four playfully linked gabled roofs which are a play on the rhythm of the surrounding roof tops which， seen from the sea， resemble waves rising out above the dyke.

‘The sea takes away and the sea provides' - this is a saying that the people of Texel know so well. For hundreds of years they have made grateful use of driftwood from stranded ships or wrecks to build their houses and barns. The wooden fa?ade of Kaap Skil is a good example of this time-hallowed tradition of recycling. The vertical wooden boards are made of sawn hardwood sheet-piling from the North Holland Canal and have been given a new life just like the objects in the museum collection. From within， the glass facade in front of the wooden boards allows an inviting view of the outdoor museum terrain and of the famous North Holland skies to visitors of the museum café. Inside the building the boards cast a linear pattern of daylight and shadow creating an atmosphere infused with light and shelter.

Daylight and artificial light

The entrance and the museum café form a natural frontier between the world of the Reede van Texel in the basement and that of the underwater archaeology on the first floor. The contrast between the two worlds is reinforced by the different experiences of light and space. In the basement visitors are drawn around the exhibition by projections and animations， creating an intimate space that harbours a sense of mystery. On the first floor the North Holland sky floods the objects on display with light. The movable showcases of robust steel frames and glass create a transparent effect so that the objects in the collection seem to float within the space. Under the high gabled roofs the visitor gets a generous sense of being able to survey the sizable collection， the museum grounds and the village of Oudeschild at a glance.

Kaap Skil， Maritime and Beachcombers Museum Texel， the Netherlands