INTERVIEW：Rok Oman訪談：羅克·奧曼

導(dǎo)報(bào)：您能跟我們談?wù)勀膶I(yè)教育情況么？有沒有對(duì)您產(chǎn)生過重要影響的人物或事件？

導(dǎo)報(bào)：您是否愿意向我們（公眾）講講您自1998年從事這一行工作以來有什么特別感想？

導(dǎo)報(bào)：您設(shè)計(jì)的核心理念是什么？

導(dǎo)報(bào)：您的公司采用什么基本模式運(yùn)營(yíng)？您如何組織進(jìn)行項(xiàng)目設(shè)計(jì)與施工？

導(dǎo)報(bào)：您是如何控制設(shè)計(jì)成果的實(shí)現(xiàn)過程？

導(dǎo)報(bào)：您如何把斯洛文尼亞的歷史、文化和地理特點(diǎn)糅合到您的建筑設(shè)計(jì)中？

導(dǎo)報(bào)：斯洛文尼亞社會(huì)住房建設(shè)的總體狀況如何？

導(dǎo)報(bào)：您能不能詳細(xì)介紹一下“集體住房”的具體策略內(nèi)容？

導(dǎo)報(bào)：您對(duì)中國(guó)和中國(guó)建筑的印象如何？

導(dǎo)報(bào)：未來幾年貴公司將關(guān)注那些目標(biāo)？

奧曼：我1991年開始學(xué)習(xí)建筑，當(dāng)時(shí)對(duì)我做出這個(gè)決定影響最大的應(yīng)該是當(dāng)時(shí)在城市化研究所工作的父親和叔叔。大學(xué)第二年，我遇到了Spela，從那時(shí)起，我們所做的每一個(gè)項(xiàng)目都是我們合作完成的。

奧曼：1991年對(duì)我來說有著特別的意義，那一年我的祖國(guó)斯洛文尼亞成為一個(gè)獨(dú)立的國(guó)家。我們參加了當(dāng)時(shí)舉辦的多次設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)賽，而且很幸運(yùn)，在幾次競(jìng)賽中勝出；其中包括盧布爾雅那市住宅、馬里博爾博物館和馬里博爾足球場(chǎng)等設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目。畢業(yè)后，我們心血來潮決定去倫敦大學(xué)的建筑聯(lián)盟學(xué)院深造并獲得了碩士學(xué)位。2000年回國(guó)后我們就正式創(chuàng)辦了OFIS。

奧曼：我們的基本原則是不拘一格，不斷創(chuàng)新……

奧曼：可能有人會(huì)說我們的項(xiàng)目組織有點(diǎn)混亂，但是我要說的是每個(gè)獨(dú)特的過程都需要獨(dú)特的方式去完成。我們認(rèn)為，自始至終我們都應(yīng)該認(rèn)真關(guān)注每個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)。

奧曼：首先是就質(zhì)量問題與客戶協(xié)商，在跟承包商協(xié)調(diào)有關(guān)質(zhì)量問題。在這種情況下，所有的控制活動(dòng)都是一種樂趣。

奧曼：這個(gè)問題涉及面很廣；即使最近幾年到處都在講全球化，這個(gè)問題還是公司最重要的問題。尤其是，你想想，斯洛文尼亞的總?cè)丝谥挥卸偃f(wàn)。另一方面，斯洛文尼亞有著豐富的傳統(tǒng)民居建筑風(fēng)格，你可以從中捕捉靈感，為新項(xiàng)目的設(shè)計(jì)尋找歷史淵源。這一設(shè)計(jì)思路在阿爾卑斯山谷倉(cāng)住宅的設(shè)計(jì)中得到了展現(xiàn)。

奧曼：10年前保障房在斯洛文尼亞是一個(gè)很重要的話題，當(dāng)時(shí)斯洛文尼亞也設(shè)立了國(guó)家住房公積金制度，政府組織競(jìng)標(biāo)，為年輕家庭和社會(huì)福利計(jì)劃建造廉價(jià)公寓。我們完成了這個(gè)計(jì)劃中的好幾個(gè)項(xiàng)目，包括650公寓、蜂窩公寓、俄羅斯方塊公寓，草垛公寓等等……

奧曼：這一名稱的來由涉及很多因素，包括設(shè)計(jì)大綱、空間與成本等等……因?yàn)榫痛蠖鄶?shù)集體住房而言，我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的空間是固定的，所以我們必須非常重視各種限制條件。如果只有1.5平方米的收縮空間，您能有什么發(fā)揮的余地呢？這是設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)允許超出的最大尺寸。

奧曼：首先中國(guó)建筑有許多“之最”......我想說的是過去20年，一方面中國(guó)城市一直在大規(guī)模擴(kuò)張，高樓大廈林立，但另一方面很多外國(guó)的明星建筑師卻在還在進(jìn)行外向擴(kuò)張式的建筑實(shí)驗(yàn)。這一方面最有積極意義的特例是王澍和陸文宇的設(shè)計(jì)。

奧曼：延續(xù)地區(qū)特色建筑，這是我們目前追求的目標(biāo)。

告別教堂?Tomaz Gregoric

太空居住輪?Tomaz Gregoric

WAR： Could you share something about your professional education？ Are there any people or events made important impacts on you？

WAR： Would you like to convey （show the public）something special through your decades of practices from 1998 till now？

WAR： What is the core concept of your design？

WAR： What is the basic mode of your firm？How do you organize the process of design and construction in a project？

WAR： How do you control the realization of the design results？

WAR：How do you integrate the history， culture and geography of Slovenia into your architecture？

WAR：What is the general state of social housing construction in Slovenia？

WAR：Could you describe the specific strategies of“collective housing”？

WAR：What's your impression of China and Chinese Architecture？

WAR：Which Objectives will your firm focus on in the next few years？

Rok Oman： I started as architectural student in 1991， the most influential to that were my father and uncle who both worked in Urbanistic institute. At second year I met Spela and since then every project we are working together.

Rok Oman： Year 1991 was very significant since my country Slovenia got independent country. At that time a lot of competitions were held and we were lucky enough that we won several； Housing in Ljubljana， City Museum Maribor and Football Stadium Maribor. After the graduation we suddenly decided to go to AA in London and had a Master there. So we officially started and established OFIS after coming back in 2000.

Rok Oman： The basic principle would be to be un-traceable and non-defined…in constant work in progress…

Rok Oman： Somebody would say organization is chaotic but I would say that all the unique process takes a unique approach. In our case is that every single detail should be considered till the last moment.

Rok Oman： The first condition is a quality collaboration with a client and then with a contractor. In that case all control becomes a pleasure.

Rok Oman： That is very much； or even the most important issue in the office in the last years where the raising world globalization is taking place. Especially if you take in consideration that all population in Slovenia is 2 million. On the other hand there is a richness of traditional， vernacular architecture which is a point where you can find inspiration and a context for each new project. You can find such approach in Alpine Barn Apartment.

Rok Oman： Social Housings had a big time in Slovenia 10 years ago when also State established National Housing Fund where they organized competitions to build low cost apartments for young families and social welfare schemes. We made several projects within this scheme， 650 Apartments， Honeycomb Apartments， Tetris Apartments， Hayrack Apartments...

Rok Oman： There are many key factors which define the term； the brief， the space and the cost…since in the most collective housing projects we had a fixed volume of the building so limitations were essential for our strategy； how you play within the 1，5 meter out of the building. The dimension you can exceed out of the building.

Rok Oman： First there are many extremes in Chinese Architecture … I would point out the last 20 years with expansion or generic condensed vertical cities of enormous scales on one side and extroverted experiments of foreign star architects on the other. The positive exception in the best possible way is work of Wang Shu and Lu Wenyu.

Rok Oman： Bringing out the continuation of regional architecture-the term we are dealing with in our office.

太空居住輪?Tomaz Gregoric

羅克·奧曼（生于1970年）和斯柏拉·維尼克（生于1971年）于1996年成立OFIS建筑事務(wù)所。兩位合伙人均于1998年10月盧布爾雅那建筑學(xué)院，2000年1月于倫敦大學(xué)聯(lián)盟建筑學(xué)院碩士畢業(yè)。

自創(chuàng)建以來，該建筑事務(wù)曾獲得若干獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，并應(yīng)邀參加了在威尼斯、莫斯科和北京舉行的幾屆建筑藝術(shù)雙年展。OFIS建筑事務(wù)所致力于全球運(yùn)營(yíng)與國(guó)際交流，積極參加世界各地的競(jìng)標(biāo)與建筑講座。該事務(wù)所于2008年競(jìng)標(biāo)成功之后成功完成了巴黎一幢185住房單元的學(xué)生住宅樓項(xiàng)目，此后完成了第二個(gè)大型項(xiàng)目――白俄羅斯的一座足球場(chǎng)，該足球場(chǎng)于2013年投入使用。

該事務(wù)所在斯洛文尼亞盧布爾雅那和法國(guó)巴黎均有國(guó)際化的設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)，而且與倫敦和莫斯科的設(shè)計(jì)機(jī)構(gòu)有合作協(xié)議。OFIS建筑師事務(wù)所的活動(dòng)最早可以追溯到上個(gè)世紀(jì)九十年代，那個(gè)年代對(duì)原南斯拉夫各加盟共和國(guó)來說是一個(gè)既令人興奮又舉步維艱的時(shí)期，當(dāng)時(shí)這些共和國(guó)正從經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化兩方面重新認(rèn)識(shí)自我，白手起家。就建筑業(yè)而言，當(dāng)時(shí)很多大型建筑事務(wù)所不得不縮小規(guī)模，甚至倒閉，這卻給年輕的團(tuán)隊(duì)和個(gè)人留出了參與建筑設(shè)計(jì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的空間。在那個(gè)年代，OFIS建筑事務(wù)所給評(píng)委們留下的印象是其原創(chuàng)思維和清晰的設(shè)計(jì)理念。過去15年來，他們?yōu)楸緡?guó)和全球私營(yíng)部門、商業(yè)部門和國(guó)家機(jī)構(gòu)的客戶提供過各種建筑設(shè)計(jì)服務(wù)——所有的客戶有各自的日程安排、預(yù)算和問題。

OFIS是一家在社會(huì)住房領(lǐng)域得到廣泛認(rèn)可的建筑事務(wù)所，近年來已經(jīng)設(shè)計(jì)和建造了2500多套住房，吸引了社會(huì)媒體的廣泛關(guān)注。他們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)的建筑注重功能、設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)單、經(jīng)濟(jì)，但確實(shí)物美價(jià)廉，以很小的預(yù)算保證了很高的質(zhì)量。

他們的設(shè)計(jì)方案合理、靈活，有明亮而引人入勝的空間。

正是憑借其功能齊全而富有視覺吸引力的設(shè)計(jì)，OFIS得以從眾多競(jìng)爭(zhēng)對(duì)手中脫穎而出。近年來，鮑里索夫足球場(chǎng)等建筑設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目已經(jīng)建成，而且被視為最優(yōu)秀的公共設(shè)施建筑。OFIS建筑事務(wù)所最早憑其法國(guó)巴黎的學(xué)生住房項(xiàng)目躋身國(guó)際建筑業(yè)，成為了一家國(guó)際性建筑設(shè)計(jì)公司。此后，該事務(wù)所設(shè)計(jì)的多個(gè)大型建筑被多家知名出版物評(píng)為優(yōu)秀設(shè)計(jì)項(xiàng)目。此外，該事務(wù)所設(shè)計(jì)的小型建筑和私人住宅也以其視覺表現(xiàn)力和實(shí)用功能而廣受關(guān)注。

在學(xué)術(shù)方面，設(shè)計(jì)師們還應(yīng)邀前往美國(guó)哈佛大學(xué)講學(xué)。

OFIS architects is an architectural practice established in 1996 by Rok Oman （1970） and ?pela Vide?nik （1971）， both graduates from the Ljubljana School of Architecture （graduated October 1998） and London's Architectural Association （MA January 2000）.

The international team is based in Ljubljana， Slovenia and Paris， France and has partner firm agreements in London and Moscow. The beginnings of OFIS' activities date back to the nineties， a particularly exciting yet difficult period for the former Yugoslavian republics that were undergoing intense self-re-evaluation and reinvention from scratch， economically and culturally. In terms of architecture this meant that most of the larger architectural offices had to be scaled down or went bankrupt， creating an empty space for younger groups or individuals to participate in architectural competitions. Back then， OFIS managed to impress the jurors with original thinking and clear concepts. Over the past fifteen years they have been dealing with various national and international clients from the private sector， the commercial sector， and state institutions- each with their own set of agendas， budgets and problems.

OFIS is a practice recognized and awarded particularly in the field of social housing. In recent years， they have designed and built more than 2500 housing units which are the subject of extensive publications. Although the buildings are designed to be functional simple and economic， they offer high quality for a small budget.

The plans are rational and flexible， the spaces are bright and attractive.

OFIS stands out from the rest for their both visually appealing and functional designs. In recent years， designs such as the Borisov Football Stadium have been built and recognized as leading public facilities. OFIS arhitekti was first introduced as an international firm through their student housing project in Paris， France. Since then， numerous large scale buildings are labeled as leading designs in multiple respectable architecture publications. In addition， small scale designs and private residential units are also recognized for both their visual representation as well as functionality.

Their academic career involves teaching at Harvard University in USA.

Since its creation， the practice several prestigious awards and was also invited to the Architecture biennial in Venice， Moscow and Beijing. OFIS works and communicates at an international level， taking part in competitions and architectural lectures all over the world. The practice has recently successfully completed construction of a student residence of 185 housing units in Paris after winning the design competition in 2008 which was followed by the second large project build internationally， Football stadium in Belarus that opened in 2013.